氟对体外培养绵羊成骨细胞Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响

目的:探讨氟对体外培养成骨细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的影响。方法:采用酶完全消化法分离2～3月龄胎羊颅盖骨成骨细胞,加入不同浓度(0～10-3mol/L)NaF,作用24h后,提取细胞总RNA并反转录成cDNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测成骨细胞Bcl-2和Bax基因表达的变化。结果:1.0×10-5mol/LNaF组Bcl-2基因表达水平较对照组高,其他组Bcl-2表达水平均比对照组低;各NaF浓度组Bax基因表达量均比对照组高,且5.0×10-4mol/L组最高;除1.0×10-5mol/LNaF组外,Bcl-2/Bax比值均比对照组低,且5.0×10-4mol/L组最低。结论:高浓度NaF可能增加成骨细胞线粒体膜的通透性,下调Bcl-2 mRNA表达,上调Bax mRNA的表达,可能启动了线粒体凋亡信号转导途径。     

Enpp2基因的分子特征及其在雌性牦牛不同繁殖阶段生殖器官中的表达

为了探讨胞外焦磷酸酶/磷酸酯酶2(Enpp2)基因在母牦牛不同繁殖阶段生殖器官中的表达与定位,对Enpp2基因进行克隆,并利用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)、蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)和免疫组织化学法检测ENPP2在母牦牛生殖器官中的表达与定位.结果显示,Enpp2基因ORF全长2 669 bp,...     

圆弧青霉菌毒素—青霉酸对小鼠脾脏组织细胞凋亡和Bcl-2、Bax及Fas/FasL基因mRNA表达的影响

为探讨圆弧青霉菌毒素—青霉酸对小鼠脾脏组织的毒性作用,采用TUNEL法和RT-PCR对染毒后脾脏细胞凋亡和Bcl-2、Bax及Fas/FasL等凋亡相关基因mRNA表达的影响进行研究。结果表明,随着青霉酸染毒剂量的增加,脾脏组织中细胞凋亡数量逐渐增多。染青霉酸低剂量组脾脏组织中Bcl-2、Fas和FasL的表达增加,Bax表达下降,高剂量组和中剂量组中Bax、Fas和FasL表达增加,Bcl-2表达下降,说明青霉酸可能通过促使Bax、Fas/FasL表达增加和Bcl-2表达降低来诱导小鼠脾脏细胞的凋亡。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对不同时期小鼠子宫细胞凋亡及凋亡因子的影响

本试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加不同水平的玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对发情前期、发情期、产仔后雌性小鼠子宫细胞凋亡及相关因子的影响。选取4周龄昆明雌性小鼠120只,随机分为4组,每组30只。选取雄性小鼠20只,随机分为4组,每组5只。7 d预试期结束后,试验分2个阶段。第1阶段,各组雌鼠分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照)、50、100、150 mg/kg ZEA的饲粮,饲喂时间是20 d。饲养试验结束后的第2、3、4天,通过阴道涂片法每组挑选出发情前期、发情期小鼠各10只,脱椎处死,摘取子宫角,用于子宫细胞凋亡原位末端标记法(TUNEL)染色和凋亡相关因子mRNA表达量的检测。第2阶段,每组剩余雌鼠与雄鼠按2∶1进行合笼,至产仔后,按上述方法采样检测。结果表明:1)发情前期凋亡细胞主要位于子宫内膜间质细胞及上皮细胞;与对照组相比,添加100、150 mg/kg ZEA极显著提高凋亡阳性表达细胞平均光密度值(P<0.01),且极显著上调半胱天冬蛋白酶(caspase)-3、caspase-8、caspase-9及B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2) mRNA相对表达量(P<0.01); 2)发情期细胞凋亡主要集中在子宫内膜间质细胞、子宫内膜上皮细胞及子宫腺上皮细胞;与对照组相比,随着ZEA添加水平的增加,凋亡细胞呈剂量依赖性增加(P<0.01),能够极显著上调凋亡相关基因mRNA相对表达量(P<0.01); 3)产仔后期凋亡细胞分布较为均匀;与对照组相比,添加150 mg/kg ZEA凋亡程度极显著增加(P<0.01);添加100 mg/kg ZEA能够显著上调Bcl-2、caspase-3 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05),添加150 mg/kg ZEA能够显著上调caspase-8、caspase-9 mRNA相对表达量(P<0.05)。综上所述,ZEA能够促进不同时期小鼠子宫细胞凋亡,并且能够上调凋亡相关基因caspase-3、caspase-8、caspase-9、Bcl-2表达。     

雌性牦牛主要生殖器官中DBI的表达与定位分析

为加深对DBI基因功能的探究,揭示其在牦牛生殖生理过程中的作用.本试验采集健康母牦牛(3～6岁)繁殖周期不同阶段(卵泡期、黄体期和妊娠期)的卵巢、输卵管和子宫组织,共分为9组,每组设置3个生物学重复.采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹技术(Western blotting,WB)检测牦牛DBI在繁...     

牦牛发情周期中卵巢卵泡发育状况的组织学观察

运用组织学技术对36头处于发情周期的健康成年母牦牛卵巢卵泡的结构与发育状况进行了观察。结果表明，牦牛发情周期中卵巢卵泡发育的组织结构与其他牛基本相似。每对卵巢中原始卵泡数和生长卵泡数在发情前期、发情期、发情后期和发情间期之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；发情前期的囊状卵泡数与发情期、发情后期和发情间期之间差异不显著（P〉0．05），发情期和发情后期均与发情间期差异显著（P〈0．05）。闭锁生长卵泡数在4个时期之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；发情期的闭锁囊状卵泡数与其他3期之间差异极显著（P〈0．01），发情前期和发情间期均与发情后期差异显著（P〈0．05）。各级卵泡的闭锁形式各有特点。在生长卵泡、囊状卵泡及相应闭锁卵泡的卵泡膜中均见到了胶原纤维和网状纤维。     

生长激素STH对体外培养猪COCs卵丘细胞影响的研究

试验研究了生长激素（somatotropin,STH）对猪卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（COCs）的卵丘细胞扩展、凋亡、凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响。结果表明,STH能够促进卵丘细胞扩展,抑制卵丘细胞凋亡,抑制凋亡相关基因Bax在卵丘细胞上的表达。     

固始鸡免疫器官内细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的动态表达

应用免疫组织化学技术和Leica 显微图像处理系统,对细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2在固始鸡免疫器官内的动态表达进行了研究。结果：Bax蛋白在不同发育阶段固始鸡免疫器官内均有表达,但表达量不同;Bax蛋白表达于固始鸡免疫器官内淋巴细胞细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核;Bax蛋白表达阳性细胞在固始鸡不同免疫器官内分布位置不同,呈散在或簇团状分布：脾脏内不同部位均有分布,主要在动脉周围淋巴鞘、红髓、淋巴小结边缘、边缘区,很少出现在淋巴小结内;胸腺内主要分布于胸腺小叶的皮质与髓质交界处,其次是胸腺小叶髓质,极少出现于皮质;法氏囊内阳性细胞主要分布于黏膜靠近上皮细胞的固有膜层内、淋巴滤泡间的区域,在淋巴滤泡边缘的少量淋巴细胞也有Bax蛋白表达,淋巴滤泡内极少有阳性细胞。Bcl-2蛋白在固始鸡免疫器官内的表达与Bax相似,但表达量与Bax相比较少。以上结果表明,细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2参与了固始鸡免疫器官内淋巴细胞发育分化过程中的凋亡调控,对免疫器官的稳定发挥重要作用。     

17-β雌二醇对去卵巢大鼠垂体中Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

为了探讨雌激素对垂体细胞发育和凋亡的影响,利用免疫组化SP法检测摘除卵巢及补充外源性17-β雌二醇后的不同时间大鼠垂体中Bcl-2和Bax表达的变化。结果显示：假去卵巢组（SHAM）Bcl-2和Bax的表达在不同给药时间无显著变化（P〉0.05）;同时间去卵巢（OVX）组与SHAM、去卵巢并注射17-β雌二醇组（OVX＋E2）相比,差异均显著（P〈0.05）;去卵巢给药后6周,OVX组垂体内Bcl-2的表达与之前相比有所增加,而Bax则减少,给药后8周,各组与6周后相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）;同组Bcl-2的表达随时间逐渐减少,4周后最少,Bax的表达则逐渐增加,4周后达到该组的峰值。结果表明,雌激素在垂体的结构维持和功能发挥中起一定的调节作用。     

银杏叶提取物对大鼠脾脏免疫细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

24只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组)、卵巢摘除组(B组)、卵巢摘除并银杏叶提取物(EGb)治疗组(C组),利用免疫组化染色检测脾脏中Bcl-2蛋白和Bax蛋白的表达.结果发现,B组大鼠脾脏内Bcl-2蛋白表达显著减少,而Bax蛋白表达显著增加;C组Bcl-2蛋白表达明显回升(P＜0.01),而Bax蛋白表达明显回落(P＜0.05).表明银杏叶提取物可通过上调Bcl-2蛋白表达,下调Bax蛋白表达,改变Bcl-2与Bax的比值(Bcl-2/Bax)而维护脾脏的免疫自稳状态.     

牦牛Bcl-2、Bax基因克隆及其在生殖轴上的表达分析

试验旨在分析Bcl-2与Bax基因的序列特性,并分析其在母牦牛生殖轴上的表达特点,为探讨其在牦牛繁殖活动中的调控作用奠定基础。试验采集健康母牦牛与母黄牛下丘脑、垂体、卵巢、输卵管及子宫组织样品,通过RT-PCR扩增并克隆Bcl-2与Bax基因,并采用生物信息学软件进行序列分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测Bcl-2与Bax基因在牦牛与黄牛不同组织中的表达差异。结果表明,牦牛Bcl-2编码区全长690 bp,编码229个氨基酸;与黄牛Bcl-2基因核苷酸序列同源性最高,为99.86%,其次是山羊、绵羊,同源性分别为98.41%、97.97%;系统进化树表明,牦牛与黄牛亲缘关系最近。牦牛Bax基因编码区全长579 bp,编码192个氨基酸,与黄牛、藏山羊和金堂黑山羊同源性较高,分别为99.83%、99.48%和99.48%,其次是绵羊、马、人,同源性分别为99.14%、95.34%、94.30%;系统进化树表明,牦牛与黄牛亲缘关系最近。Bcl-2和Bax蛋白不存在信号肽,均为酸性不稳定的疏水蛋白。Bcl-2与Bax基因在黄牛及牦牛下丘脑、垂体、卵巢、输卵管和子宫组织中均有表达,其中牦牛卵巢、子宫中Bcl-2基因表达量分别显著和极显著高于黄牛（P<0.05;P<0.01）;牦牛子宫、输卵管中Bax基因表达量显著高于黄牛（P<0.05）,牦牛卵巢中Bcl-2/Bax比值极显著高于黄牛（P<0.01）,子宫和垂体中显著高于黄牛（P<0.05）。表明Bcl-2与Bax在动物进化中非常保守且在繁殖活动中起重要作用,牦牛卵巢、子宫、输卵管和垂体中的高表达量可能与牦牛处于极端恶劣环境的细胞抗凋亡作用有关。     

三个牦牛群体DRB3.2基因PCR-RFLP多态性研究

为了研究牦牛DRB3.2基因exon 2遗传多样性,试验采用PCR-RFLP对天祝白牦牛、甘南牦牛、大通牦牛3个类群757头个体的MHC-DRB3.2基因进行PCR-RFLP分析。结果表明:共检测出8个HaeⅢ酶切位点、11种基因型;在3个牦牛类群中,HaeⅢC基因型(225 bp/175 bp/85 bp/35 bp)在大通牦牛、天祝白牦牛中是优势基因型,基因型频率分别为0.387和0.366;而在甘南牦牛中,HaeⅢA基因型(175 bp/85 bp/35 bp)为优势基因型,基因型频率为0.306。3个群体的多态信息含量分别为0.739,0.754,0.743,均达到了高度多态(PIC>0.50)。说明牦牛DRB3.2基因具有高度多态性,在研究牦牛抗病育种和提高牦牛生产性能方面具有独特的效力和广泛的应用前景。     

脾虚模型小鼠肾脏中Bcl-2、Bax和Fas蛋白表达研究

目的:采用灌胃法诱导SD清洁级小鼠脾虚动物模型,造模完成后检测小鼠肾脏中Bcl-2、Fas和Bax蛋白表达的改变,并探讨其意义。方法:采用大承气汤诱导小鼠脾虚模型,H.E染色后光镜下观察肾脏局部形态,SP法检测Bcl-2、Fas和Bax蛋白在肾脏细胞中的表达。结果:脾虚组小鼠肾小球部位出现炎症,肾近曲小管和远曲小管部位出现凝固性坏死;肾脏细胞中Bax和Fas蛋白的表达率升高(P<0.05),Bcl-2表达降低(P<0.05)。结论:脾虚会引发肾脏发生病理变化,同时会使Bax和Fas蛋白的表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白的表达下降,增加了肾脏细胞发生凋亡的机率。     

天祝县白牦牛肉品质提升发展对策

“十四五”时期是农业高质量发展的战略机遇期,也是两个“三品一标”催生高品质食用农产品形成的关键期。近年来,天祝县立足自然资源和独特品种优势,大力发展“独一份”白牦牛特色产业,着力提升白牦牛生产性能和肉品品质。但随着国家生态战略持续深入推进,白牦牛自然放空间有所缩减,养殖方式发生转型后,在白牦牛肉品质提升方面将面临新的瓶颈和挑战,亟需努力解决。     

雌激素对大鼠小脑中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

采用免疫组织化学超敏SP法检测摘除卵巢及用外源性17β-雌二醇治疗后SD大鼠小脑中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的变化.结果显示,摘除双侧卵巢后,SD大鼠小脑皮质及深层核团中Bcl-2的表达有不同程度的降低,而Bax的表达出现不同程度的上升;给予外源性17β-雌二醇治疗后,2种蛋白的比例基本恢复正常.表明,雌激素能够下调小脑皮层及小脑深层核团中Bax蛋白的表达,上调Bcl-2蛋白的表达,对小脑神经元具有保护作用.     

牦牛发情周期黄体组织结构的观察

选用48头成年母牦牛，采用光镜和电镜技术对发情周期中不同时期黄体的组织结构进行了观察。结果表明，牦牛黄体主要由2种细胞组成，即颗粒黄体细胞（granulasa lutein cell，GLC）和膜黄体细胞（theca lutein cell，TLC），其特征性变化主要表现在GLC和纤维的分布。成熟黄体中GLC及其胞核的平均直径分别为36．6μm和15．2μm，而TLC则分别为14．4μm和10．9μm。黄体细胞胞质中线粒体的比例随黄体的成熟而增高；脂滴在Ⅰ期黄体时较多，Ⅱ期时减少，Ⅲ期时显著增多，后又减少；滑面内质网也随黄体的成熟而增加，并随黄体的退化发生膨胀。黄体组织中有同心圆状或同心轮状的粗面内质网膜系统。黄体细胞间主要是缝隙连接，偶见中间连接。黄体组织中存在窗孔型毛细血管．     

Differential expression of Wilms’ tumour 1 gene in porcine urogenital organs during development

Wilms’ tumour 1 gene (WT1) is essential for the development of mammalian urogenital system. However, the expression pattern of WT1 in the development of porcine urogenital organs is still unclear. Here, we examined the expression of WT1 mRNA and protein in porcine kidneys, ovaries and testes from embryonic days 35 and 60 (E35d, E60d, n = 3) to the newborn (0d, n = 4) and adult (210d, n = 3) stages, using real‐time PCR and immunofluorescent staining. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that porcine kidneys, ovaries and testes all expressed high level of WT1 mRNAs, especially in adult testes (p < 0.05 or 0.01 vs. kidney and ovary, respectively). Morphologically, characteristic microstructures of the kidneys, ovaries and testes were observed and discerned at all four stages. Immunofluorescently, WT1 expression was detected in a dynamic and context‐specific pattern during the development of these organs. Taken together, porcine urogenital organs express relatively high levels of WT1 mRNA. Dynamical and context‐specific expression profile of WT1 in these organs occurs during their development, implying its close association with the development and function of porcine kidney, ovary and testis.     

Analysis of PPP1R11 expression in granulosa cells during developmental follicles of yak and its effects on cell function

The aims of this study were to analyse the protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 11 (PPP1R11) expression and cellular localization in yak follicles and investigate its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and oestrogen secretion in granulosa cells (GCs). Ten healthy and non-pregnant female yaks (4-year-old) were used as experimental animals. The mRNA relative expression level of PPP1R11 in GCs from small (<3.0 mm), medium (3.0–5.9 mm) and large (6.0–9.0 mm) follicles was detected by RT-qPCR, and the cellular localization of PPP1R11 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). After isolation, culture and identification of yak GCs in vitro, si-PPP1R11 and si-NC (negative control) were transfected into GCs. RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the interference efficiency, and ELISA was performed to detect oestrogen concentration. Then, EdU staining and TUNEL staining were conducted to analyse cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, the oestrogen synthesis, proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR after knockdown PPP1R11. The results showed that PPP1R11 is mainly located in ovarian GCs, and the expression levels of PPP1R11 in GCs from large follicles were significantly higher than that from medium and small follicles. Transfection of si-PPP1R11 into GCs could significantly inhibit the expression of PPP1R11. Interestingly, the oestrogen secretion ability and the expression level of oestrogen pathway-related genes (STAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and HSD17B1) were also significantly downregulated. Moreover, the proportion of positive cells was decreased, and cellular proliferation-related genes (PCNA, CCNB1 and CDC25A) were significantly downregulated after knockdown PPP1R11. However, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased, and apoptosis-related genes (BAX, CASP3 and P53) were significantly upregulated. Taken together, this study was the first revealed the expression and cellular localization of PPP1R11 in yak follicles. Interference PPP1R11 could reduce oestrogen secretion, inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in GCs, which provided a basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanism of PPP1R11 in follicle development.     

Dynamics of ovarian follicular development in cattle following hysterectomy and during early pregnancy

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate ovarian follicular dynamics and functional activity during pregnancy in cattle. In 11 pregnant Charolais cows of Experiment I, size of largest follicle, number of follicles and accumulated follicle size were reduced by day 27 of pregnancy on the ovary bearing the corpus luteum (CL) but not on the non-CL bearing ovary. In experiment II, local attenuation of ovarian follicular development on the CL bearing ovary of seven pregnant heifers was evident compared to the contralateral ovary without the CL. However, in four hysterectomized heifers, follicular development was sustained on both the CL- and non-CL bearing ovaries when CL maintenance was achieved without presence of the uterus or conceptus. In Experiment III, steroidogenic characteristics of the largest and second largest follicles at 17 d postestrus were evaluated for seven pregnant and six cyclic cattle. Follicle by physiological status interactions were detected for both aromatase activity of the follicle and follicular fluid concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. In cyclic cows, the largest follicle had appreciably more aromatase activity than did the second largest follicle; whereas, aromatase activity of the largest follicle from pregnant cows was less than that of cyclic cows. However, in pregnant cows the second largest follicle became the estrogen-active follicle, and this follicle occurred with a higher frequency on the ovary contralateral to the CL-bearing ovary. These changes in aromatase activity were reflected by parallel changes in estrogen concentrations of follicular fluid. The higher progesterone concentration in follicular fluid of the largest follicle in pregnant cows provided further confirmation of their atretic status. In conclusion, during early pregnancy the conceptus and/or uterus ipsilateral to the conceptus appear to secrete compounds which alter local follicular steroidogenic activity and attenuate subsequent follicular growth between 17 to 34 d of pregnancy on the CL-bearing ovary. This local mechanism acting within the ovary may contribute to the antiluteolytic effects of early pregnancy in cattle.