Putative Identification and Adduct Formation of Reference Materials for Cotton Secondary Metabolite using UPLC-ESI-MS Analysis

[Objective] The aim of this study is to establish an method for cotton metabolites identification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) analysis, and to investigate the adduct types, dominant adducts and appropriate ESI ion modes of cotton secondary metabolites under the determined UPLC and ESI conditions. [Method] UPLC-ESI-MS was employed to analyze 18 cotton metabolite standards, Online XCMS software was used to extract the nontargeted mass spectrum data, and MATLAB software was used to prepare calculation programs for the identification method of cotton metabolite standards. [Result] A high-throughput identification method of cotton secondary metabolite, named POSid and NEGid separately for the positive and negative ESI modes, was established based on the calculated accurate molecular weight. In the determined UPLC condition and positive and negative ESI mode, 14 cotton metabolite standards were correctly identified. There found 6 adducts including [M+H]⁺, [M+Na]⁺, [M+NH₄]⁺, [2M+NH₄]⁺, [2M+Na]⁺ and [2M+H]⁺ in positive ion mode, and 8 adducts including [M-H]^-, [2M-H]^-, [M+Cl]^-, [M+FA-H]^-, [3M-H]^-, [M+Na-2H]-, [M-H₂O-H]^- and [M+TFA-H]^- in negative ion mode, while 1 to 6 adducts were observed in the mass spectrum of a single standard, and each metabolite standard had a dominant adduct of a preference for ESI mode. Melibose was suitable for ESI positive ion mode detection, gossypol was suitable for both ion modes detection; and 12 compounds were suitable for negative ion mode detection due to mass spectrum signals of their dominant adduct stronger in negative ion mode than positive ion mode. [Conclusion] Based on the accurate molecular weight, the established identifying method can identify the 18 cotton metabolite standards with their nontarget mass spectrometry data. Under the determined UPLC and ESI condition, the dominant adducts of cotton secondary metabolites have the preference of ESI mode. These results provide technical and theoretical data support for further study of cotton metabolomics.     

RNA干扰及其植物抗病毒应用

【研究目的】RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是分子生物学研究领域的一项新兴技术,在动植物的遗传改良、功能基因组、基因治疗等研究中广泛应用;【方法】它是指一些小的双链RNA分子介导的、序列特异的转录后基因沉默现象;【结果】本文就RNA干扰的作用机制、RNA干扰与植物病毒间的互作以及RNA干扰表达载体构建的一些研究进展进行了综述;【结论】随着RNAi研究的进一步深入,RNAi必将成为遗传育种工作者培育抗病毒植物的有力手段,促进植物抗病育种的发展。     

Extraction and Content Determination of Polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand-Mazz. and Their Anti-inflammatory Effect

[Objective]To explore the methods for extraction and content determination of polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz.,and to observe its anti-inflammatory effect. [Methods] Polysaccharides were extracted by hot water. The content determination was performed at wavelength 490 nm with phenol-sulfuric acid as a chromomeric agent. [Results]The content of HPS was 4. 94% in same batch of radix hedysari slices,while that reached 45. 30% in refined radix hedysari samples. HPS inhibited the xylene-induced ear swelling in mice.[Conclusions]The phenol-sulfuric acid method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and HPS has anti-inflammatory effect.     

Effects of GA3 and NAA on Fatty Acid Degradation in Germination and Seedling Growth of Cassia obtusifolia L. Seed

[Objectives]To understand the content changes of fatty acid compositions and seedling growths during seed germinations of Cassia obtusifolia L.[Methods]The fatt...     

复合酶和植酸酶对商品肉鸡生产性能及环境的影响

目的 研究复合酶和植酸酶对商品肉鸡生产性能及环境的影响。方法 研究选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡1600只,随机分成4个处理,每个处理4个重复。对照组喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中加入0.1%的复合酶、0.01%的植酸酶、0.1%的复合酶＋0.01%的植酸酶。结果 日增重和饲料效率试3组最好,其次是试1组,试2组第3,对照组最低(p＞0.05);鸡粪尿中氮含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了10.21%、5.64%、12.04%,磷含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了2.04%、30.61%和31.63%;舍内氨含量试1、2、3组较对照组分别下降了20.48%、13.07%和26.98%;舍内硫化氢浓度试1、2、3组分别较对照组下降了19.66%、15.10%和29.30%。结论 复合酶和植酸酶能改善肉鸡的生产性能和减少污染物质的排放量。     

凋萎时间对青玉米秸秆青贮饲料营养成分的影响

【研究目的】青贮饲料调制是一项短时间内的突击性工作，刈割青玉米秸秆未能尽快调制青贮致使青贮饲料质量受影响；【方法】为此本试验选用农大108玉米秸秆收获后凋萎的1d、3d、5d、7d调制青贮，以研究刈割后凋萎时间对青贮饲料营养成分的影响；【结果】在本试验的凋萎条件下，试验期内玉米秸秆中干基水溶性碳水化合物含量、水分含量逐渐下降，凋萎7d的水溶性碳水化合物、水分含量显著低于其它处理组，在凋萎的1d、3d、5d、7d调制青贮，凋萎7d的青贮pH和氨态氮比例显著高于凋萎1d(pH,4.82比5.27；氨态氮/总氮,5.90%比8.56%)，但青贮饲料中乳酸、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量没有显著差异。【结论】结果表明收刈后青玉米秸秆5d之内可以调制青贮     

一种快速低廉的PCR探针标记方法

【研究目的】探针标记技术是分子生物学和基因工程研究中常用实验技术,需要发展高效、快速、低成本、安全、简捷的DNA探针标记方法;【方法】利用普通的Taq酶进行PCR探针标记,电泳和Southern杂交检测探针标记结果;【结果】电泳检测发现标记产物在电泳时相对非标记的对照表现明显滞后,表明探针标记成功;电泳条带清晰明亮,表明探针标记效率高;Southern杂交条带清晰,说明该方法标记的探针可用于Southern等分子杂交实验;【结论】利用普通的Taq酶进行PCR探针标记,是一种低成本、高效、快速的DNA探针标记方法。     

当归药材资源调查与分析

【研究目的】查清当归药材资源,为当归资源的有效保护和合理开发利用提供参考。【方法】文献收集、标本查阅、市场调研整理及野外实地调查。【结果】对我国当归资源的药材基源、适宜种植区、资源分布、产量情况等进行系统总结与分析,发现部分当归药材产区近年来其资源和生产情况发生了变化,药材来源复杂并有较严重的早期抽薹情况,野生种质较难采得。另外,品种选育工作薄弱。【结论】当归药材的资源保护和优良品种选育都亟待重视和加强。     

平菇和榆黄蘑及培养料中的三唑酮的残留动态研究

为制定三唑酮在食用菌上的残留安全标准,在吉林农业大学食用菌基地进行栽培培养,采用子实体喷药、培养料拌药的方法进行残留动态试验,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定分析三唑酮在子实体和培养料中的残留量和残留动态。结果表明,三唑酮在食用菌及培养料中的降解过程均符合一级动力学方程,三唑酮在食用菌和培养料的半衰期分别为2.3~3.1天和14.2天。平菇、榆黄蘑及其培养料在收获时期的三唑酮残留量均小于0.01 mg/kg。证明试验建立的检测方法准确可靠,并为在食用菌上制定的MRL值提供了科学依据。     

Detection of Quercitrin and Quercetin Contents in HERBA TAXILLI by RP-HPLC

[Objective] To establish a rapid,fast and accurate high performance liquid chromatographic analysis for HERBA TAXILLI.[Methods]Quercitrin and quercetin were extracted from HERBA TAXILLI by acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic extraction. Quercitrin and quercetin contents were detected by RP-HPLC. [Results] Quercetin was the main component extracted by acid hydrolysis. There were few free quercetins by ultrasonic extraction; and they were mainly existed in the form of quercitrin. [Conclusions] Quercitrin extracted by ultrasonic extraction was used as the index for quantitative determination; detection was carried out by RP-HPLC. This method could rapidly and accurately reflect the quality of HERBA TAXILLI.     

培养基中玉米秸秆用量对鸡腿蘑生育的影响

【目的】研究玉米秸秆对鸡腿蘑发育的影响,为合理利用秸秆资料提供有效途径;【方法】设四个不同秸秆用量的培养基配方,通过单因子试验分析秸秆对鸡腿蘑菌丝长速与产量的影响;【结果】各处理在发菌时间,出菇时间,菇产量以及子实体形态等方面均有明显差异,其中玉米秸秆含量为35%的配方菌丝长势旺,生长快,菇体生物学效率最高;【结论】鸡腿蘑可以利用玉米秸秆中营养物质,秸秆中添加适量的腐叶土栽培鸡腿蘑是可行的。     

淫羊藿苷对鸡胚成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响

【研究目的】本文研究了淫羊藿苷对鸡胚成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响。【方法】将不同浓度的淫羊藿苷加入第二代成骨细胞中,分别于培养24、48、72h时,使用MTT法和PNPP法检测成骨细胞的增殖率和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。【结果】淫羊藿苷促进鸡胚成骨细胞增殖和分化,但增殖作用不显著。其中当淫羊藿苷浓度为20ng/ml时,对成骨细胞增殖分化作用最强。【结论】淫羊藿苷能够显著促进鸡胚成骨细胞分化,对成骨细胞增殖有一定作用。     

Infrared Fingerprint of Arecae semen and Arecae semen Tostum

[Objective]To explore the characteristics of IR fingerprint and the changes of chemical components in Arecae semen before and after processing. [Methods]Arecae semen and Arecae semen tostum were detected by infrared spectroscopy and their characteristic peaks were assigned. [Results]IR fingerprint,characteristic absorption peaks and diagnostic characteristic peaks of Arecae semen and Arecae semen tostum were obtained. And we also discovered the change rule of IR fingerprint and chemical components before and after processing. [Conclusions]The method was simple,quick and sensitive,so it could be used in qualitative detection of Arecae semen and Arecae semen tostum and comparative analysis of their composition. And it also provided basis for the quality control.     

我国与CAC关于食品中污染物限量标准的对比分析

对比分析我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)关于食品中污染物限量标准的异同。从标准涉及的污染物种类、具体食品种类和限量值3个层面逐级对比。结果表明,我国标准涉及的污染物种类为42种,CAC标准为29种,二者相同的污染物种类为12种;我国标准涉及的食品种类和具体数量多于CAC,其中有7类食品为我国单独规定限量,我国污染物限量指标的总数为748个,远远多于CAC的174个;在可比指标范围内,我国有61个限量指标值与CAC相同,26个限量指标值严于CAC,64个限量指标值宽于CAC。我国污染物限量标准中有57%的可比指标值已达到或超过CAC标准的要求,与CAC的一致性程度较低。     

Evaluation of the Development and Utilization Value of Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Tangshan and Study of the Development and Utilization Approaches

[Objective] To evaluate the development and utilization value of wild medicinal plant resources in Tangshan mountainous areas and to study the development and utilization approaches of wild medicinal plant resources.[Methods]Based on the investigation of the medicinal plant resources of mountainous areas in the north of Tangshan,analytic hierarchy process of systems engineering was used to evaluate the development and utilization of the medicinal plant resources of mountainous areas in the north of Tangshan.The analysis could acutely and comprehensively learn the status of medicinal plant resources and screen out the medicinal plant resources that could be developed and utilized.[Results]The primary investigation and evaluation results showed that there were 50 medicinal plants of good development and utilization value in Tangshan mountainous areas.[Conclusions]The medicinal plant resources that could be developed and utilized in Tangshan mountainous areas were rich,and by making plans for the comprehensive development,utilization and protection,the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials could be realized.     

秀山县暴雨成因分析及预报模式

为了分析研究秀山县暴雨发生的气候规律及其成因,通过对秀山1971—2010年间173个暴雨个例的年季变化特点、本地气象要素的变化、高空环流形势的演变进行统计分析,找出秀山县暴雨发生时的气候背景、环流形势。结果表明：秀山县暴雨开始前常常伴随气温回升,水汽压上升,气压下降的情况,当高空环流形势满足中高纬度两槽一脊型、东北低槽型、切断低压型和台风倒槽型其中一种形势时,秀山县未来24~48h内将出现1次区域性暴雨天气过程。统计得出了秀山县暴雨预报模式,为秀山县暴雨预报服务提供参考依据。     

陕北农牧交错带牧草生产力分析

根据陕北农牧交错带的生态环境特点以及牧草生长发育过程对水热资源的要求和利用效率,运用迈阿密模型定量估算陕北农牧交错带七县区牧草自然生产力。并与牧草现实生产力进行比较。研究表明：陕北农牧交错带牧草现实生产力仅为自然生产力的30.80%。基本掌握了该区牧草生产力状况和特点,并据此提出了相应的开发战略和实施途径     

绵羊intelectin基因cDNA克隆与序列分析

【研究目的】克隆并分析绵羊intelectin基因;【方法】十二指肠粘膜组织提取总RNA,分别以上游电子克隆的拼接体和下游保守区为模板设计引物进行RT-PCR,PCR产物与pMD-19T载体连接后转化E. coli JM109,筛选阳性克隆并测序;【结果】克隆的绵羊intelectin基因与牛、猪、人、大鼠的同源性分别为93%、87%、83%、79% ,预测的氨基酸序列包含FBG结构域。【结论】成功克隆了绵羊intelectin-2基因,并注册GenBank (Accession. EF624459)     

绵羊regakine-1基因的克隆与序列分析

【研究目的】克隆并分析绵羊regakine-1基因;【方法】肠系膜淋巴结组织提取总RNA,利用设计的引物进行RT-PCR,PCR产物与pMD-19T载体连接后转化JM109感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆、测序,并进行序列分析;【结果】克隆的绵羊regakine-1基因与牛的同源性为91%,推测的氨基酸序列信号肽为1~21aa,SCY结构域为29~87aa,结构特征与牛的相一致。【结论】克隆了绵羊regakine-1基因的ORF,并注册GenBank (AccessionEF617337)     

Development and Utilization of Water Resources and Countermeasures:A Case Study of Yuan'an County of Yichang City in Hubei Province

[Objective] To study current development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County and countermeasures. [Method] On the basis of analyzing basic characteristics of water resources in Yuan'an County as well as its current development and utilization, problems in the development and utilization of water resources in the study area were pointed out, and feasible countermeasures were proposed correspondingly. [Result] The county is endowed with rich water resources, but the overall use efficiency is low. There are many problems in the development and utilization of local water resources, such as pollution of water source, water and soil loss and so on. [Conclusion] In view of the problems, feasible suggestions were given to provide scientific support for the reasonable development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County.