Diet‐associated hepatic failure and immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia in a Weimaraner

Objective: To describe the medical and nutritional management of a 4‐year‐old Weimaraner with acute hepatic failure and immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) associated with consuming a commercial dog food. Case summary: A 4‐year‐old male castrated Weimaraner developed signs of IMHA, hepatic failure, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and malnutrition after consuming a commercial dog food. During the course of hospitalization, medical management included immunosuppressive therapy and supportive care. Nutritional support consisted of both enteral and parenteral nutrition. The dog was discharged after 19 days of hospitalization and fully recovered by 6 months. An investigation by the Food and Drug Administration was not able to determine the exact cause of the acute hepatic failure and IMHA. New information provided: This is the first case report documenting the medical and nutritional management of a critically ill animal associated with ingestion of this commercial dog food.     

蛋白质营养研究新阶段

随着蛋白质营养理论研究的不断深入,蛋白质营养理论先后从粗蛋白体系发展到氨基酸营养和肽营养理论。氨基酸营养研究已被引起高度的学术重视,其营养理论逐渐被人们所了解和熟知。但是,有关小(寡)肽的营养代谢机理研究甚少,并且小(寡)肽具有的独特营养代谢作用是氨基酸无法取代的。由于单方面从氨基酸和肽代谢入手研究蛋白质营养,不能反映蛋白质代谢的整体模式,因此,本文以氨基酸参与的蛋白质代谢动力学模型为基础,阐述蛋白质营养与肽代谢之间的关系。     

乌蒙黄羽乌骨鸡蛋、肉营养分析研究

两次测定,乌蒙黄羽乌骨鸡肌肉脂肪、蛋白质、氨基酸的总量与乌蒙驻相近,蛋的胆固醇含量比乌蒙鸡低１０．９４％;肌肉中谷氨酸等５种含量较高的氨基酸占氨基酸总量的５０．４８％（第１次测定胸腿肌）或５２．３３％（第２次测定胸肌）。     

皱纹盘鲍配合饲料研究进展

皱纹盘鲍属藻食性大型腹足纲动物,为我国北方特有的养殖品种,具有极高的经济价值。本文对国内外鲍营养需求的研究进行了综述。     

反刍动物灌注营养技术原理与应用

本文综述了反刍动物灌注营养技术的发展过程、操作方法、操作技巧及该技术在反刍动物营养研究中应用的可能性。     

黄伞菌丝体碳氮源营养的研究

在碳源含量为1%、氮源含量为0.2%的培养基上,采用PDA平板固体培养方法,研究了黄伞对碳源、氮源的利用.试验结果表明,最适宜的碳源为葡萄糖,最适宜的氮源为蛋白胨、牛肉膏.黄伞菌丝营养对双糖、多糖的利用比单糖差,黄伞菌丝营养对有机氮的利用比无机氮强.     

0～2周龄肉用雏鸡卵黄囊等组织中蛋氨酸、胱氨酸含量的变化规律

本试验旨在探讨0～2周龄肉用雏鸡如何从内源(卵黄囊)营养转变为外源(饲料)营养,以及外源蛋氨酸(Met)和胱氨酸(Cys)营养水平与体组织内该两种氨基酸营养的相关性。试验用600只爱拔益加(AA)鸡,平均为10个处理组,每组设3个重复。在0～2周龄雏鸡日粮中,分别添加0.20%、0.25%、0.30%、0.40%和0.80%的DL—蛋氨酸,以及0.15%、0.20%、0.30%和0.40%的 DL—胱氨酸,观察1,3,5,7,14日龄雏鸡体内卵黄囊、肝脏和血浆等组织中相应氨基酸的变化规律。结果表明,0～2周龄雏鸡的营养特点是,1～3日龄的营养完全来自于卵黄囊,5～7日龄是卵黄囊营养转变为饲料营养的过渡期,8～14日龄的营养已完全来自饲料;1～7日龄期间,雏鸡的卵黄囊、血浆和肝脏中的蛋氨酸含量不受日粮中蛋氨酸水平的影响;但14日龄时,血浆和肝脏中的蛋氨酸含量随日粮蛋氨酸水平的提高呈上升趋势。这一结果证明蛋氨酸(第一限制性氨基酸)营养对0～2周龄雏鸡的重要性。由于胱氨酸不是限制性氨基酸,故雏鸡对它在日粮中的变化不敏感,在雏鸡组织中的含量也未见有规律性的变化。     

Strategies of inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in gestating hyperprolific sow diets: effects on the offspring performance and fetal programming

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of trace mineral nutrition on sow performance, mineral content, and intestinal gene expression of neonate piglets when inorganic mineral sources (ITM) were partially replaced by their organic mineral (OTM) counterparts. At 35 d postmating, under commercial conditions, a total of 240 hyperprolific multiparous sows were allocated into three experimental diets: 1) ITM: with Zn, Cu, and Mn at 80, 15, and 60 mg/kg, respectively; 2) partial replacement trace mineral source (Replace): with a 30 % replacement of ITM by OTM, resulting in ITM + OTM supplementation of Zn (56 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (10.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (42 + 18 mg/kg); and 3) Reduce and replace mineral source (R&R): reducing a 50% of the ITM source of Zn (40 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (7.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (30 + 18 mg/kg). At farrowing, 40 piglets were selected, based on birth weight (light: <800 g, and average: >1,200 g), for sampling. Since the present study aimed to reflect results under commercial conditions, it was difficult to get an equal parity number between the experimental diets. Overall, no differences between experimental diets on sow reproductive performance were observed. Light piglets had a lower mineral content (P < 0.05) and a downregulation of several genes (P < 0.10) involved in physiological functions compared with their average littermates. Neonate piglets born from Replace sows had an upregulation of genes involved in functions like immunity and gut barrier, compared with those born from ITM sows (P < 0.10), particularly in light piglets. In conclusion, the partial replacement of ITM by their OTM counterparts represents an alternative to the totally inorganic supplementation with improvements on neonate piglet gene expression, particularly in the smallest piglets of the litter. The lower trace mineral storage together with the greater downregulation of gut health genes exposed the immaturity and vulnerability of small piglets.     

铬营养的研究进展

本文着重阐述铬(有机铬)的代谢和营养生理作用 ,并分析有机铬调节葡萄糖、脂肪和蛋白质的作用机制。     

甘南燕麦引种及其刈割期研究

试验对从青海引进的5个燕麦品种不同生育期的产量、营养成分进行了观测,并利用灰色关联度法进行综合评价,从而为缓解甘南地区枯草季饲草供应不足的现状提供科学依据。结果表明,随着生育期从抽穗期到盛花期的推移,5个燕麦品种的干草产量均显著增加(P0.05),而粗蛋白(CP)含量均显著降低(P0.05)。抽穗期林纳综合性能最优,其余为青引1号加燕2号甜燕麦和青海444。初花期综合性能表现为林纳青引1号甜燕麦青海444加燕2号。各品种在盛花期综合性能均优于前两期,其中加燕2号综合性能最好,其次为甜燕麦林纳青引1号和青海444,此时加燕2号干草产量、NDF、ADF均高于其它4个品种(P0.05),甜燕麦CP高于其它4个品种(P0.05),其它4个品种间CP含量差异不显著(P0.05)。综合总体性能和对当地的适应性,加燕2号、甜燕麦、林纳和青引1号可以在当地建植,且宜在盛花期青刈利用。