马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞弱毒株LTR启动子功能的研究

为了证明我国马传染性贫血病毒（ＥＩＡＶ）驴白细胞弱毒株的长末端重复序列（ＬＴＲ）是否能够启动基因的表达,我们将该ＬＴＲ克隆于含ＣＡＴ基因的载体中,获得重组质粒ｐＣＡＴ－ＬＴＲ,用ｐＣＡＴ－ＬＴＲ分别转染驴胎皮肤细胞（ＦＤＤ）、胶质母细胞瘤（ＴＪ－９０５）细胞、驴白细胞及接种ＥＩＡＶ弱毒的ＦＤＤ及驴白细胞,结果以ＥＩＡＶ弱毒的ＬＴＲ为启动子,ＣＡＴ在这几种细胞中均获得了不同程度的表达,证实了我国ＥＩＡＶ弱毒株的ＬＴＲ在ＦＤＤ、ＴＪ－９０５及驴白细胞中确实具有一定的启动子功能,并能被反式激活表达,为进一步研究ＥＩＡＶ弱毒复制及表达调控奠定了基础。     

Fluid therapy for the traumatized patient

Objective: To review the rationale behind and experiences with traditional and newly evolving concepts of fluid therapy in the traumatized patient, and to review conventional and novel fluid preparations for use in trauma resuscitation. Data sources: Human and veterinary clinical and research studies. Human data synthesis: Current treatment guidelines recommend aggressive fluid resuscitation with lactated ringers solution (LRS) or saline as optimum management of hemorrhagic shock in trauma, regardless of whether bleeding is controlled or not. The rationale behind this strategy is to restore intravascular volume as rapidly as possible to ensure adequate vital organ perfusion. Recently, this strategy has been challenged, especially in patients with uncontrolled hemorrhage, as neither laboratory evidence nor clinical trials support this practice. Current research indicates that vigorous fluid infusion may exacerbate bleeding and cause severe hemodilution, both impairing resuscitation outcome. As a result, a new line of thinking is emerging that balances the risks and benefits of intravenous volume infusion by offering the clinician alternative treatment strategies and emphasizes continuous endpoint‐oriented monitoring. ‘Hypotensive’ or ‘hypovolemic’ resuscitation techniques as well as initial volume replacement with fluids other than LRS or saline (e.g., hypertonic saline [HTS], HTS with dextran 70 [HTS‐D]) have been introduced in human medical practice as additional options for treatment of victims of trauma under certain circumstances. Clinical studies evaluating the use of hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) in the trauma setting are underway and may soon lead to an expansion of the fluid arsenal available to the clinician for treatment of trauma patients. Veterinary data synthesis: Based on available animal data, neither strict guidelines nor a clear fluid preference for resuscitation of traumatic shock have been defined. Although systematic clinical trials are missing, combinations of crystalloid and colloid (natural or artificial) appear to be as effective for resuscitation as crystalloid alone. Judicious use of an HBOC (e.g., Oxyglobin^®) as a substitute for blood/red blood cells may be recommended in situations where whole blood or pRBCs are not or not yet available. Conclusions: The search for optimal methods of fluid resuscitation in trauma is ongoing. At this point the best solution is a differentiated approach to fluid therapy, one that tailors type and volume of resuscitation solution(s) used to the type and severity of injury in an individual patient and uses monitoring of perfusion and oxygenation parameters to guide resuscitation. Crystalloid fluids are effective for resuscitation but may need to be combined with or replaced by colloidal fluids in certain clinical situations.     

人性的复苏——解析霍桑《红字》的人物

《红字》表达的深刻含义一直以来都是评论家们争论的焦点。文中从人性这个角度来诠释《红字》中3个主要的人物，探讨在清教的专制统治下，个人在自由与权威中的挣扎以及主人公在此压制下人性的发展，以此揭示作者霍桑本人的内心世界，即内心对爱的欲求以及呼吁人以极大的勇气抛弃虚伪、回归真实的人性。     

Overdose during chemical restraint in a black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

A juvenile female black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) was successfully treated after overdose of drugs used for chemical restraint. Subsequent general anaesthesia for surgical reduction of a recurrent rectal prolapse was uneventful. Over a 25-minute period before transportation to the veterinary hospital, the animal received a total dose of 1.225 mg etorphine, 30 mg acepromazine and 30 mg detomidine. Based on an estimated mass of 200 kg, these corresponded to doses of 6.1 microg kg(-1) etorphine, 150 microg kg(-1) acepromazine, and 150 microg kg(-1) detomidine which constitutes considerable overdose for each drug given separately, notwithstanding the synergy that probably resulted when the three drugs were present concurrently. The estimated body mass may have substantially overestimated the actual body mass and exacerbated overdosage. The animal was recumbent and apnoeic on arrival at the hospital. Heart sounds were auscultated and a weak peripheral pulse was palpated; no pulse deficits were detected, although the heart rate was low. The trachea was intubated, inspired breath was enriched with oxygen and the lungs ventilated manually. Diprenorphine (1.5 mg) was given intravenously and spontaneous breathing resumed 11 minutes later. After induction of general anaesthesia using isoflurane, emergency surgery for correction of rectal prolapse was performed, from which the animal recovered uneventfully. The case highlights some of the practical problems that may be encountered in dealing with dangerous and unfamiliar species.     

Idiopathic dyserythropoiesis in a dog

Idiopathic dyserythropoiesis in a dog was characterized by chronic nonregenerative normocytic normochromic anemia, cellular marrow and abnormal morphology of erythroid precursors. Serum concentrations of Vitamin B(12), folate and iron were inconsistent with secondary causes of dyserythropoiesis. The disorder appeared to be distinct from myelodysplastic syndromes described previously.     

鸡传染性贫血病疫苗研究进展

鸡传染性贫血病(chicken infectious anemia,CIA)是临床上最常见的免疫抑制性传染病之一,尚无特异性治疗方法,严重威胁动物健康和养殖业的经济效益。虽然已有部分地区以活疫苗进行CIA的临床预防,但其安全性问题及病毒培养和生产效率低是制约活疫苗推广应用的主要瓶颈。笔者从引起CIA的鸡传染性贫血病毒(Chicken infectious anemia virus,CIAV)的病原学与流行特征、传统疫苗与新型疫苗激发宿主的免疫应答特征与免疫保护力等方面进行全面分析,剖析现有疫苗的优缺点,结合新型疫苗的理论与技术优势,提出CIA高效疫苗的研发方向,为CIA疫苗的研发提供新的思路和科学依据。