The use of the cellulase digestion procedure for indexing the dry matter digestibility of forages

Abstract

The in vitro cellulase technique was compared with the rumen liquor technique and found to be more efficient for the indexing of the dry matter disappearance (DMD) of forages. A cellulase enzyme concentration of 80 IU/gDM gave a satisfactory linear regression y = l,3585x + 11,6250 (R² = 0,6453; P ≤ 0,01) for the estimation of in vitro digestibility (y) from cellulase dry matter disappearance (CDMD) (x).

Using the modified laboratory procedure developed, two operators can analyse over 100 samples, in duplicate, each week. Over a period of 18 months the technique was used to index the digestibility of forages from a wide variety of rangeland sites in Natal.     

动物试验中的实验动物保护

 论文论述了动物试验的地位和作用、动物试验中实验动物的选择等基本理论,并对在动物试验中实验动物的保护提出了相应的对策和措施。     

提高农业院校基础化学实验室建设的几点建议

为了适应面向21世纪现代农业科学发展和人才培养的需要，进一步重视和加强农业院校基础化学实验室建设显得尤为重要。结合西南大学基础化学实验室建设现状及面临的问题，从实验室建设规划、师资队伍、实验教学改革和实验室开放等方面对今后农业院校基础化学实验室的建设提出了几点建议。     

对西南大学实验技术队伍建设的思考

重视实验技术队伍的建设。是提高实验教学水平，使实验室可持续发展的根本所在。基于现有实验室技术队伍的现状，提出了加强实验技术队伍建设的基本思路和措施。     

兽医实验室仪器设备标识管理的现状及建议

实验室资质认定认可均对仪器设备标识管理提出了具体要求,可见标识管理在实验室质量管理中具有重要作用。通过分析兽医实验室仪器设备标识管理存在的问题,提出了规范化管理的仪器设备标识建议,以期为提高兽医实验室仪器设备标识管理水平提供参考。     

A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health,public health,and One Health

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.     

嗜肺巴氏杆菌的临床检测方法的评价

巴氏杆菌具有20个种，嗜肺巴氏杆菌就是其中一个种。由于这个家族地位特殊，巴氏杆菌种目前归属于巴氏杆菌属、放线杆菌属和嗜血流感杆菌属。嗜肺巴氏杆菌具有广泛的宿主，存在于许多啮齿类动物，其它实验动物中，也存在于人中。属中各个种的生化特性比较相似，采用目前的国家标准实验动物微生物检测方法，不能有效区分与嗜肺巴氏杆菌生化特性相类似的其它种。我们通过抽检广东省清洁级以上实验小鼠和大鼠280只．分离到168株巴氏杆菌，通过扩大生化鉴定项目，154株被确认为嗜肺巴氏杆菌，14株被划分为放线杆菌-嗜血流感杆菌-巴氏杆菌复合体。所分离的嗜肺巴氏杆菌表现甘露醇阳性，这与文献报道不符合。因此，在现有的鉴定嗜肺巴氏杆菌的生化标准上，增加了鸟氨酸脱羧酶、甘露醇、ONPG等生化项目，将有利于嗜肺巴氏杆菌的临床检测。     

动物生物安全二级实验室建设探讨

为满足兽用生物制品免疫攻毒试验需求,参照实验动物设施建设相关国家标准及生物安全实验室建筑技术规范,设计和建设了一个双走廊模式、屏障环境、符合生物安全二级要求的动物生物安全二级实验室(ABSL-2),可满足使用清洁级以上的实验动物进行的感染性试验的需求。本文针对ABSL-2的设施设计要点、生物安全控制等相关理念和内容进行了阐述,强调建设过程应高度关注生物安全防护问题,以期为建设相关单位建设实验室提供信息参考。     

检测非洲猪瘟McAb-ELISA竞争试剂盒的建立及初步应用

用基因重组技术制备的非洲猪瘟蛋白P54免疫BALB/C小鼠,将免疫鼠的脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,采用有限稀释法进行克隆,获得能稳定分泌抗ASFV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。使用该单克隆抗体,建立了检测血清中非洲猪瘟抗体的竞争法ELISA。实验结果表明：ELISA竞争法特异性高,无交叉反应,灵敏度高于间接免疫荧光法,可用于猪血清的非洲猪瘟抗体检测。该法的建立对非洲猪瘟实验诊断的标准以及流行病学调查具有重要的现实意义。     

细胞壁缺陷结核分支杆菌对实验动物质量控制影响的研究

为了解细胞壁缺陷结核分支杆菌对豚鼠的致病作用 ,探讨细胞壁缺陷结核分支杆菌对实验动物微生物质量控制的影响 ,将结核分支杆菌稳定 L型 ( TBL )纯培养物注射 PPD试验阴性豚鼠腹股沟皮下 ,检测结核分支杆菌及其 L型和观察动物的发病情况、PPD反应、组织病理学改变。结果表明 ,L型感染的动物中 5× 10 8个/ m L 剂量感染组 14～ 18d后可见局部皮肤红肿及腹股沟淋巴结肿大 ,但各组动物至第 4周PPD试验仍为阴性。细菌学分离培养未发现结核分支杆菌 ,组织的病理学检查可见结核的典型和非典型增生现象。采用非高渗培养法或结核特异性 PCR反应 ,能够从结核分支杆菌稳定L 型感染动物的组织标本内获得结核分支杆菌稳定 L型感染的阳性结果     

猪带绦虫实验动物模型的建立

为建立猪带绦虫实验动物模型,本实验通过口服激活、未激活囊尾蚴和尾静脉注射激活的囊尾蚴感染昆明小鼠、BALB/c小鼠、SD大鼠、豚鼠、金黄地鼠、沙鼠,对各种鼠体内的绦虫的感染、生长发育及寄生部位等生物学特性进行研究.在感染45 d的金黄地鼠体内检出可见虫体,检出的虫体多数吸附在小肠.本实验建立了猪带绦虫的实验动物模型,使得解决猪带绦虫实验材料的来源问题成为可能,也为猪带绦虫的深入研究奠定了基础.     

基于动物福利的实验动物管理

动物福利包括实验动物福利、农场动物福利、野生动物福利等。目前,越来越多的实验动物被应用到科学研究当中,实验动物福利也受到了各国研究者的重视。在实验动物管理中,环境调控、日常饲养管理及动物实验等方面皆应考虑动物福利,环境因素主要包括温度、湿度、噪音、空气质量和光照等;日常饲养管理包括动物的饲料与饮水、运输、人员培训等;动物实验方面应遵从3R原则。我国实验动物的福利事业已经展开,《实验动物的法律保护》的建议稿已于2010年提出,鉴于国内外动物福利的现状分析,我国建立实验动物福利标准势在必行。     

ASVCP quality assurance guidelines: control of preanalytical and analytical factors for hematology for mammalian and nonmammalian species, hemostasis, and crossmatching in veterinary laboratories

In December 2009, the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards committee published the updated and peer-reviewed ASVCP Quality Assurance Guidelines on the Society's website. These guidelines are intended for use by veterinary diagnostic laboratories and veterinary research laboratories that are not covered by the US Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice standards (Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Chapter 58). The guidelines have been divided into 3 reports: (1) general analytical factors for veterinary laboratory performance and comparisons; (2) hematology, hemostasis, and crossmatching; and (3) clinical chemistry, cytology, and urinalysis. This particular report is one of 3 reports and provides recommendations for control of preanalytical and analytical factors related to hematology for mammalian and nonmammalian species, hemostasis testing, and crossmatching and is adapted from sections 1.1 and 2.3 (mammalian hematology), 1.2 and 2.4 (nonmammalian hematology), 1.5 and 2.7 (hemostasis testing), and 1.6 and 2.8 (crossmatching) of the complete guidelines. These guidelines are not intended to be all-inclusive; rather, they provide minimal guidelines for quality assurance and quality control for veterinary laboratory testing and a basis for laboratories to assess their current practices, determine areas for improvement, and guide continuing professional development and education efforts.     

高校兽医实验室资质认定体系建设与运行分析

高校兽医实验室唯有通过实验室资质认定,才能开展动物检疫、兽医流行病学调查等社会的服务工作,提供具有法律效力与权威性的检测数据。浙江农林大学动物健康检测中心于2015年成为全国高校系统兽医领域首个通过资质认定的第三方检测实验室,其检测范围从最初19项动物疫病检测项目发展到现在145项,年检测量4万项次以上,出具检测报告200余份。依据最新要求及高校实际情况,本文从资质认定体系的建立、试运行、资质认定评审及体系的正式运行等方面,创新性阐述了高校兽医实验室资质认定体系建立与运行的全过程,为计划开展资质认定的高校兽医实验室提供参考。     

浅谈实验动物福利问题

动物福利问题形式多样,涉及科学进步和社会发展的多个层次。本文简要阐述了动物福利的由来、国内外动物福利情况、动物福利的3R理论及动物福利发展的必然趋势。     

猪伪狂犬病的诊断

本文通过荧光抗体组织切片、细胞接种、兔子致病性等方法对临床怀疑为猪伪狂犬病的病猪进行了实验室诊断。结果如下:病猪脾脏和淋巴结制备的冰冻切片经PRV荧光抗体染色后,在荧光显微镜下见到特异性荧光;病料经处理后接种Vero细胞可致细胞圆缩和形成合胞体,具有疱疹病毒的培养特征;将病料上清和细胞培养毒分别皮下接种家兔均可引起奇痒、麻痹死亡,呈现典型的伪狂犬病临床特征,同时病死兔脏器的PRV免疫荧光试验也为阳性。根据上述结果证实了该病为猪伪狂犬病。     

小反刍兽疫病毒抗体ELISA试验测量不确定度评估

为进一步评定小反刍兽疫病毒抗体的测量不确定度,使用ELISA方法进行相关试验,依据《兽医检测实验室ELISA试验测量不确定度评估指南》(CNAS-GL043:2020)、《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012),分析了ELISA试验测量不确定度的各分量,并根据各分量的来源及产生途径,详细评定了各分量...     

Evaluation of the Usefulness of a PCR Assay Performed at a Clinical Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Respiratory Disease Induced by Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 in the Field

A PCR assay for the diagnosis of respiratory disease induced by equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was performed at the clinical laboratory in the Racehorse Clinic of the Ritto Training Center of the Japan Racing Association from December 2007 to March 2008. The assay was performed without the trouble of contamination throughout the study and its turnaround time was approximately 6 hr. The PCR detection rates of EHV-1 among seroconverted horses were 22.2% for nasal swabs and 33.3% for blood samples. However, EHV-1 DNA was also detected in horses without seroconversion at a low rate. These results indicated that the PCR assay should be used as an adjunct method, but would help to make an early diagnosis of EHV-1 infection.     

Social behavior in laboratory rats: Applications for psycho-neuroethology studies

The social behavior in laboratory animals occurs in conspecific groups. In the past two decades, the physiological basis of the social behavior in laboratory rats has been gradually elucidated through various neural approaches. In addition, the relevance of social related behavior for psycho‐neuroethology studies has been extensively proposed. An analysis of social recognition behavior of new conspecifics is a useful approach for the study of memory without aversive alternatives such as fear, pain and anxiety. Furthermore, it is considered that artificial or experimental social isolation can induce altered emotional states in laboratory rats. This article reviews the past findings regarding social behavior and aspects of its expression, and discusses further possibilities for animal models of human neuro‐psychiatric disorders.