共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
A. S. Bowman J. M. Nolting J. D. Workman M. Cooper A. E. Fisher B. Marsh T. Forshey 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(1):34-39
Agricultural fairs create an unconventional animal–human interface that has been associated with swine‐to‐human transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) in recent years. Early detection of IAV‐infected pigs at agricultural fairs would allow veterinarians to better protect swine and human health during these swine exhibitions. This study assessed the use of swine body temperature measurement, recorded by infrared and rectal thermometers, as a practical method to detect IAV‐infected swine at agricultural fairs. In our first objective, infrared thermometers were used to record the body surface temperature of 1,092 pigs at the time of IAV nasal swab collection at the end of the exhibition period of 55 agricultural fairs. IAV was recovered from 212 (19.4%) pigs, and the difference in mean infrared body temperature measurement of IAV‐positive and IAV‐negative pigs was 0.83°C. In a second objective, snout wipes were collected from 1,948 pigs immediately prior to the unloading of the animals at a single large swine exhibition. Concurrent to the snout wipe collection, owners took the rectal temperatures of his/her pigs. In this case, 47 (2.4%) pigs tested positive for IAV before they entered the swine barn. The mean rectal temperatures differed by only 0.19°C between IAV‐positive and IAV‐negative pigs. The low prevalence of IAV among the pigs upon entry to the fair in the second objective provides evidence that limiting intraspecies spread of IAV during the fairs will likely have significant impacts on the zoonotic transmission. However, in both objectives, the high degree of similarity in the body temperature measurements between the IAV‐positive and IAV‐negative pigs made it impossible to set a diagnostically meaningful cut point to differentiate IAV status of the individual animals. Unfortunately, body temperature measurement cannot be used to accurately screen exhibition swine for IAV. 相似文献
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Influenza A virus infections commonly cause respiratory disease in swine and can be transmitted between people and pigs, with potentially novel strains introduced into herds and spilling back into the human population. The goals of this study were to characterize influenza infections in Minnesota pigs and assess biosecurity measures used by swine workers. Veterinarians submitting influenza-positive swine samples to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory between October 2007 and April 2009 were surveyed regarding disease-related information and biosecurity procedures at each farm. Influenza-positive samples were submitted year-round, peaking in spring and fall. H1N1 was the most commonly detected subtype (56%), followed by H3N2 (14%) and H1N2 (12%). Most positive submissions were associated with illness in growing pigs (median age 8.8 weeks, IQR 5-15). Median morbidity and mortality were 25% (IQR 10-48) and 2% (IQR 0.5-3.5), respectively. Vaccination of sows and growing pigs was conducted at 71% and 7.9% of the swine farms, respectively. Specialized footwear was reported as the most common form of protective equipment used by workers. Employee vaccination for seasonal influenza was 19%. The sow vaccination rate in this study is consistent with national data, although growing pig vaccination is lower than the national average. Seasonal and age trends identified here may provide diagnostic guidance when growing pigs experience respiratory disease. Inconsistent use of protective equipment and employee vaccination at swine farms indicates the need for further discussion and research of approaches to minimize interspecies influenza transmission on swine farms. 相似文献
3.
Matilda Ayim‐Akonor Eva Mertens Jürgen May Timm Harder 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(6):697-707
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) have both zoonotic and anthroponotic potential and are of public and veterinary importance. Swine are intermediate hosts and ‘mixing vessels’ for generating reassortants, progenies of which may harbour pandemic propensity. Swine handlers are at the highest risk of becoming infected with IAVs from swine but there is little information on the ecology of IAVs at the human–animal interface in Africa. We analysed and characterized nasal and throat swabs from swine and farmers respectively, for IAVs using RT‐qPCR, from swine farms in the Ashanti region, Ghana. Sera were also analysed for IAVs antibodies and serotyped using ELISA and HI assays. IAV was detected in 1.4% (n = 17/1,200) and 2.0% (n = 2/99) of swine and farmers samples, respectively. Viral subtypes H3N2 and H1N1pdm09 were found in human samples. All virus‐positive swine samples were subtyped as H1N1pdm09 phylogenetically clustering closely with H1N1pdm09 that circulated among humans during the study period. Phenotypic markers that confer sensitivity to Oseltamivir were found. Serological prevalence of IAVs in swine and farmers by ELISA was 3.2% (n = 38/1,200) and 18.2% (n = 18/99), respectively. Human H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 antibodies were found in both swine and farmers sera. Indigenous swine influenza A viruses and/or antibodies were not detected in swine or farmers samples. Majority (98%, n = 147/150) of farmers reported of not wearing surgical mask and few (4%, n = 6) reported to wear gloves when working. Most (n = 74, 87.7%) farmers reported of working on the farm when experiencing influenza‐like illness. Poor husbandry and biosafety practices of farmers could facilitate virus transmission across the human–swine interface. Farmers should be educated on the importance of good farm practices to mitigate influenza transmission at the human–animal interface. 相似文献
4.
Christine M. Szablewski;Dillon S. McBride;Susan C. Trock;Gregory G. Habing;Armando E. Hoet;Sarah W. Nelson;Jacqueline M. Nolting;Andrew S. Bowman; 《Zoonoses and public health》2024,71(3):281-293
Swine are a mixing vessel for the emergence of novel reassortant influenza A viruses (IAV). Interspecies transmission of swine-origin IAV poses a public health and pandemic risk. In the United States, the majority of zoonotic IAV transmission events have occurred in association with swine exposure at agricultural fairs. Accordingly, this human-animal interface necessitates mitigation strategies informed by understanding of interspecies transmission mechanisms in exhibition swine. Likewise, the diversity of IAV in swine can be a source for novel reassortant or mutated viruses that pose a risk to both swine and human health. 相似文献
5.
流感病毒是一类危害人和动物健康的RNA病毒,其在宿主细胞内的有效复制离不开宿主蛋白酸性核磷蛋白32家族成员A （ANP32A）和病毒RNA聚合酶的协助和支持。病毒RNA聚合酶由3种蛋白PB1、PB2和PA组成,且ANP32A与病毒RNA聚合酶的最强相互作用需要这3种蛋白的共同参与。ANP32A是酸性富含亮氨酸的核磷蛋白32（ANP32）家族成员,其被确认为支持细胞核中病毒RNA聚合酶活性的关键宿主因子,对流感病毒的复制具有重要的作用。ANP32A的物种特异性差异决定了病毒RNA聚合酶的宿主范围：独特的33个氨基酸序列存在于禽类ANP32A （avANP32A）,而在哺乳动物ANP32A中缺乏此氨基酸序列。avANP32A中特有的33个氨基酸序列能增强ANP32A的功能,从而增加禽源特征流感病毒聚合酶活性。禽流感病毒（Avian influenza virus,AIV）不能有效利用较短的ANP32A （即缺乏独特33个氨基酸序列的ANP32A）,因而哺乳动物ANP32A无法支持禽源特征聚合酶活性,然而在人ANP32A （huANP32A）中插入这33个氨基酸能促进其对AIV聚合酶的支持作用。此外,流感病毒的适应性突变也能增强AIV在哺乳动物中的传播力和致病性。AIV适应哺乳动物时往往会发生E627K突变,以增强其在哺乳动物中的复制能力。作者主要介绍了宿主蛋白ANP32A对流感病毒复制、转录的影响和流感病毒发生适应性突变的作用机制,简要论述了ANP32A与聚合酶的相互作用对流感病毒跨物种感染的分子机制。 相似文献
6.
Infections with influenza A viruses (IAV) are highly prevalent in swine populations, and stable cocirculation of at least three lineages has been well documented in European swine – till 2009. However, since the emergence of the human pandemic pdmH1N1 virus in 2009, which has been (re)introduced into individual swine herds worldwide, the situation has been changing. These variations in the respective IAV pools within pig populations are of major interest, and the zoonotic potential of putative emerging viruses needs to be evaluated. As data on recent IAV in swine from southern Germany were relatively sparse, the purpose of this study was to determine the major IAV subtypes actually present in this region. To this aim, from 2010 to 2013, 1417 nasal swabs or lung tissue samples from pigs with respiratory disease were screened for IAV genomes. Overall, in 130 holdings IAV genomes were detected by real‐time RT‐PCR targeting the matrix protein gene. For further analyses, several PCR protocols were adapted to quickly subtype between H1, pdmH1, H3, N1 and N2 sequences. Taken together, cocirculation of the three stable European lineages of IAV was confirmed for Bavaria. H1N1 sequences were identified in 59, whereas H1N2 genomes were only diagnosed in 14, and H3N2 in 9 of the holdings analysed. However, pdmH1 in combination with N1 was detected in 2010, 2012 and 2013 confirming a presence, albeit in low prevalence, likewise pdmH1N2 reassortant viruses. Interestingly, individual cases of coinfections with more than one subtype were diagnosed. Partial genome sequences were determined and phylogenetic analyses performed. Clearly other than in the human population classically circulating IAV have not been displaced by pdmH1N1 in Bavarian swine. However, some interesting viruses were detected. Further surveillance of these viruses in the Bavarian pig population will be of major importance, to monitor future developments. 相似文献
7.
X.‐H. Song H. Xiao Y. Huang G. Fu B. Jiang Y. Kitamura W. Liu D. Liu G. F. Gao 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(4):291-298
Several highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses were isolated from swine populations in Fujian Province, China, since 2001. Because it is thought that H5N1 infection in pigs might result in virus adaptation to humans, we surveyed swine populations in Fujian Province in 2004 and 2007 for serological evidence of the infection. Twenty‐five pig farms covering all nine administrative districts of Fujian Province were sampled and a total of 1407 serum specimens were collected. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests revealed no evidence of H5 infection and only a few cases of H9 infection. The negative results for H5 infection were further verified by micro‐neutralization tests. By contrast, H1 influenza virus infections were prevalent in swine in both surveys according to the results of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The H3 infection rate was reduced dramatically in 2007 compared with 2004, when examined by HI and ELISA. In summary, the results imply that the swine populations in Fujian Province had not been affected greatly by the H5N1 avian influenza virus, given that there is no serological evidence that H5N1 influenza virus has infected the pig populations. The reported isolates represent only sporadic cases. 相似文献
8.
C. Chiapponi E. Ebranati E. Pariani S. Faccini A. Luppi L. Baioni R. Manfredi V. Carta M. Merenda P. Affanni M. E. Colucci L. Veronesi G. Zehender E. Foni 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):114-123
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in swine plays an important role in the ecology of influenza viruses. The emergence of new IAVs comes through different mechanisms, with the genetic reassortment of genes between influenza viruses, also originating from different species, being common. We performed a genetic analysis on 179 IAV isolates from humans (n. 75) and pigs (n. 104) collected in Northern Italy between 2010 and 2015, to monitor the genetic exchange between human and swine IAVs. No cases of human infection with swine strains were noticed, but direct infections of swine with H1N1pdm09 strains were detected. Moreover, we pointed out a continuous circulation of H1N1pdm09 strains in swine populations evidenced by the introduction of internal genes of this subtype. These events contribute to generating new viral variants—possibly endowed with pandemic potential—and emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance at both animal and human level. 相似文献
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10.
Since the first detection of human H3N2 influenza virus in Taiwanese pigs in 1970, infection of pigs with wholly human viruses has been known to occur in other parts of the world. These viruses, referred to as human‐like H3N2 viruses, have been known to cause clinical and subclinical infections of swine populations. Due to the paucity and complete unavailability of information on transmission of influenza viruses from other species, especially humans, to swine in Nigeria and Ghana, respectively, this study was designed to investigate the presence and prevalence of a human strain of influenza A (H3N2) in swine populations at three locations in two cities within these two West African countries in January and February, 2014. Using stratified random technique, nasal swab specimens were collected from seventy‐five (75) pigs at two locations in Ibadan, Nigeria and from fifty (50) pigs in Kumasi, Ghana. These specimens were tested directly by a sensitive Quantitative Solid Phase Antigen‐detection Sandwich ELISA using anti‐A/Brisbane/10/2007 haemagglutinin monoclonal antibody. Influenza virus A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) was detected among pigs at the three study locations, with an aggregate prevalence of 4.0% for the two locations in Ibadan, Nigeria and also 4.0% for Kumasi, Ghana. Transmission of influenza viruses from other species to swine portends serious sinister prospects for genetic reassortment and evolvement of novel viruses. We therefore recommend that further studies should be carried out to investigate the presence of other circulating human and avian influenza viruses in swine populations in West Africa and also determine the extent of genetic reassortment of strains circulating among these pigs. This would provide an early warning system for detection of novel influenza viruses, which could have pandemic potentials. 相似文献
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根据流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34株NS1基因的核苷酸序列设计引物,PCR扩增后,将NS1完整开放阅读框分别克隆于pMX载体和PET30a载体,成功构建了pMX-PR8-NS1和PET-PR8-NS1重组质粒。将PET-PR8-NS1重组质粒转化Jm109感受态大肠杆菌,诱导表达获得重组NS1蛋白免疫小鼠制备多抗血清。同时,将逆转录病毒载体系统pMX-PR8-NS1、pCI-NF-KB、PMDSV和MDSV共转染293T细胞,制备逆转录病毒样粒子。将逆转录病毒样粒子感染MDCK细胞,利用嘌呤霉素进行抗性筛选。然后经过PCR、RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光鉴定,获得稳定表达PR8病毒NS1蛋白的细胞系,将之命名为MDCK-PR8-NS1细胞系。该细胞系的建立有望为深入开展流感病毒NS蛋白生物学功能的研究以及为扩增NS1基因删除的流感病毒提供了有利的工具。 相似文献
12.
A型流感病毒基质蛋白研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
流感病毒基质蛋白 MA包括 M1和 M2两种 ,在病毒进化过程中其结构是稳定的。 A型流感病毒 M1在病毒复制及感染中起关键作用 ,而 M2是一种跨膜蛋白 ,结构很保守。 M2可调节高尔基体跨膜转移通道的 p H梯度 ,对 HA蛋白起稳定性作用。将 M2与乙肝病毒制成融合蛋白 ( M2 HBc)分别免疫小鼠 ,小鼠获得了 90 %～10 0 %的免疫保护力 ,且具有交叉性和持久性。用研制的含 M2基因的 DNA疫苗 ,免疫小鼠产生了 M蛋白特异性的抗体和 CTL反应 ,并对流感病毒攻击具有保护力 相似文献
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M2蛋白是A型流感病毒所特有的一种结构保守的非糖基化的跨膜蛋白,主要在病毒脱壳时酸化病毒粒子的内部环境,在表面血凝素糖蛋白合成过程中作为质子通道调节高尔基体跨膜转移通道的pH.其核苷酸序列高度保守,几乎不发生变异.其25位～43位氨基酸多肽是金刚烷胺类抗流感病毒药物的作用靶位,氨基酸极小变异都可能导致流感病毒抗药性的产生.M2蛋白胞外区域的氨基酸残基多肽(M2e)的特异性抗体可以在感染流感病毒的动物血清中检测出来,将M2e与相关佐剂联合使用可极太的提高机体对流感病毒的免疫力,在病毒感染中起重要作用,是一种潜在的交叉保护性抗原,常被用来探索具有广谱性和持久性的流感\"通用疫苗\". 相似文献
14.
本文利用PCR或RT-PCR技术连续两年对规模猪场采集的猪全血分别进行猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）和日本乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）的检测,结果发现2008年猪全血中CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV2的感染率为30.0%、50.0%、4.0%和30.0%,2009年猪全血中CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV2、BVDV和JEV的感染率分别为19.8%、13.7%、1.1%、31.9%、0.7%和2.7%,这表明用猪的全血可进行猪瘟等6种疫病的监测和流行,为更深入研究疫病的流行病学奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Gut-lung axis injury is a common finding in patients with respiratory diseases as well as in animal model of influenza virus infection. Influenza virus damages the intestinal microecology while affecting the lungs. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable derivative of rifamycin, is an effective antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether rifaximin-perturbation of the intestinal microbiome leads to protective effects against influenza infection, via the gut-lung axis. Our results showed that influenza virus infection caused inflammation of and damage to the lungs. The expression of tight junction proteins in the lung and colon of H1N1 infected mice decreased significantly, attesting that the barrier structure of the lung and colon was damaged. Due to this perturbation in the gut-lung axis, the intestinal microbiota became imbalanced as Escherichia coli bacteria replicated opportunistically, causing intestinal injury. When influenza infection was treated with rifamixin, qPCR results from the gut showed significant increases in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations, while Escherichia coli populations markedly decreased. Furthermore, pathology sections and western blotting results illustrated that rifaximin treatment strengthened the physical barriers of the lung-gut axis through increased expression of tight junction protein in the colon and lungs. These results indicated that rifaximin ameliorated lung and intestine injury induced by influenza virus infection. The mechanisms identified were the regulation of gut flora balance and intestinal and lung permeability, which might be related to the regulation of the gut-lung axis. Rifaximin might be useful as a co-treatment drug for the prevention of influenza virus infection. 相似文献
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湖北省禽流感的诊断及病毒株的分离与初步鉴定 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过采用琼脂扩散法（AGP）对湖北省8个发病鸡场进行禽流感抗体的检测，证实了禽流感的存在。从某鸡场5只濒死鸡气管刮屑及内脏材料中分离到了一株病毒。应用HI试验和电镜负染技术确证该分离物为A型流感病毒，其血凝价可达1：2560。该病毒粒子有囊膜，呈球形或椭圆形，大小为80－120nm，其血清型为H9N2型。 相似文献
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根据A型猪流感病毒(SIV)的基质蛋白(M)编码基因保守序列设计合成一对特异性引物和一条Taq Man探针,建立了一种检测A型SIV的荧光RT-PCR方法。结果显示,该方法对H1N1、H3N2和H9N2亚型SIV均呈特异性扩增,对猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒等猪的其他常见病毒无交叉扩增反应;该方法对M基因RNA对照(SIV-M-RNA)的最适线性检测范围为3.8×10~1~3.8×10~8拷贝数/反应,标准曲线方程为Y=-3.4365X+40.091,相关系数(R~2)为0.999 8,最低检出限为38个拷贝数的SIV-M-RNA。对3个不同浓度(3.8×10~3~3.8×10~5 copies/μL)的SIV-M-RNA进行组间和组内重复试验,每个浓度的Ct值变异系数均小于1.5%,具有良好的重现性。用该方法对860份进口猪的鼻拭子样本和78份国内猪场猪鼻拭子样本进行SIV检测,结果进口猪鼻拭子样本的SIV检测均为阴性,17份国内猪场猪鼻拭子样本SIV检测为阳性。本研究提供了一种快速、敏感和特异的A型猪流感病毒检测方法。 相似文献
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对2009年H1N1甲型流感流行前后的上海地区养殖场户410份猪血清样品,分别采用血凝抑制试验（hemagglutination inhibition,HI）和酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）进行检测H1N1甲型流感病毒和猪流感病毒（Swine in？uenza virus,SIV）。检测结果表明,除2007年外,2008~2010年猪血清中均存在不同水平的HI抗体,阳性率呈显著上升趋势,且抗体水平与猪群饲养周期及饲养密度正相关,而与猪流感病毒的流行无相关性。 相似文献