传染性法氏囊病病毒与microRNA(miRNA)

传染性法氏囊病是由传染性法氏囊病病毒引起禽类的一种高度传染性疾病。该病多见于雏鸡,感染雏鸡常见免疫器官萎缩,法氏囊损伤并诱导机体严重的免疫抑制,致使被感染鸡易受2次感染或免疫失败,给禽业生产带来严重的经济损失。现首先简要分析了传染性法氏囊病不同毒株基因组序列间的同源性与进化性关系,并对传染性法氏囊病病毒编码序列的microRNA靶位点进行了预测,其次探讨了microRNA与传染性法氏囊病病毒之间的调控关系,最后对microRNA在传染性法氏囊病防制中的可能应用进行展望,以期为深入研究传染性法氏囊病病毒的分子调控机制和防制提供理论参考。     

Infectious bursal disease virus infection in the quail-chicken hybrid

Hybrids produced from crossing Cornell K-strain white leghorn chickens and Line II Japanese quails were studied for susceptibility to infection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Quail-chicken hybrids were infected successfully following inoculation with IBDV at 14, 21, or 52 days of age. In most cases, precipitating antibodies were detected in serum by 10 days postinoculation (PI). Although no clinical signs or gross lesions were evident in the bursa of Fabricius of hybrids, histologic changes in the bursa were detected upon microscopic examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Chickens were successfully infected also; they had gross and microscopic lesions in the bursa and produced precipitating antibodies. In addition, staining of bursal sections with low concentrations of peroxidase-conjugated concanavalin A revealed a rearrangement of a leukocyte cell type (probably macrophages) in infected chickens and hybrids. Japanese quails were refractory to infection; they showed no bursal changes and did not form precipitating antibodies.     

Infectious bursal disease virus and Alcaligenes faecalis infections in turkeys

To determine if infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) augments alcaligenes rhinotracheitis (ART), turkey poults were exposed to IBDV, Alcaligenes faecalis, or both IBDV and A. faecalis. In five experiments, poults exposed to IBDV alone exhibited neither signs of disease nor histopathologic lesions. Serum antibodies to IBDV were detected in poults exposed to this virus by inoculation and by direct contact with inoculated birds. Signs of ART were observed 4 to 6 days following exposure to A. faecalis. Clinical signs of ART and histopathologic lesions in the upper respiratory tract of poults exposed to both IBDV and A. faecalis were similar to those observed in poults exposed to A. faecalis alone.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中已经发表的传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）VP2基因的高度保守序列,设计并合成了一对引物,Blast在线检索GenBank数据库,未发现其他相似序列。提取已鉴定的IBDV—QD株传代病毒尿囊液的总RNA,合成cDNA模板,优化RT-PCR反应条件,最终获得预期453bp的目的片段,IBDV扩增产物经测序结果证实与GenBank中已发表的致病力不同的IBDV毒株相应序列同源性达97．4％～99．9％,最终建立了RT—PCR检测方法。用已建立的RT—PCR方法对已知的8份临床IBDV阳性法氏囊病料进行检测,阳性率达100％,另外对2份鸡白血病病毒（ALDV）,2份鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒（Infectious laryngotracheitis virus,ILTV）,2份鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）阳性病料进行平行同条件检测,结果均为阴性。表明所建立的RT—PCR特异性好、敏感性高,可用于鸡传染性法氏囊病的临床初步诊断及流行病学调查。     

Haematological and histological findings in Leghorn chickens infected with infectious bursal disease virus strain 73688

In the present study, specific-pathogen-free, 2-week-old Leghorn chickens were experimentally infected with strain 73688 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in order to evaluate haematological and histological changes that might suggest a pathomechanism for haemorrhages in this disease. At 96 hours post infection (hpi) a significant increase in prothrombin time was detected in the absence of visible lesions in myeloid bone marrow tissue and of significant thrombocytopenia. The aforementioned findings suggest alteration of the secondary coagulation mechanisms and not a direct effect of virus on thrombocytes or its precursors.     

Infectious bursal disease virus: further characterization with evidence for a single-stranded RNA virus

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) that had been adapted to grow and was then cloned in chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture was examined for its physicochemical properties, the cellular site of virus replication, and the nature of its viral RNA. The IBDV was an RNA virus, acid-stable, absolutely resistant to chloroform, and moderately thermolabile. It appeared to replicate only in the cytoplasm, as shown by virus-specific antigens restricted to the cytoplasm of infected cells. The viral RNA was composed of single-stranded RNA, as evidenced by flame-red fluorescence on acridine-orange staining and an absence of specific fluorescence in infected cells on immunofluorescent staining with antiserum specific for double-stranded RNA. The IBDV virion had a hexagonal outline with an average diameter of 62 nm and possessed a single layer of capsid composed of hollow capsomeres without envelope. The buoyant density as determined in a continuous sucrose gradient was 1.178 g/cm3. The IBDV was found to possess morphologial and physicochemical properties different from those of any established RNA virus group.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒X-28弱毒株的致病性试验

在Vero细胞上适应且连续传17代的传染性法氏囊病病毒X毒株IBDVX,再经鸡胚成纤维细胞CEF连续传代后,得到了适应CEF细胞生长且毒力相对稳定的的弱毒株(IBDVX-28)。IBDVX-28~IBDVX-43代毒均能在72h~96h内产生明显的细胞病变效应(CPE),半数细胞感染量(TCID50)在10-8.47/0.1mL~10-9.26/0.1mL之间,半数鸡胚感染量(EID50)在10-4.71/0.2mL~10-5.80/0.2mL之间。致病性试验表明,各代次毒能引起10日龄鸡胚40%~50%的感染或死亡,对30日龄SPF小鸡基本无致病性,所有试验鸡均未见法氏囊明显的眼观病变,囊指数(b/B)平均为0.35±0.040;IBDVX-28代毒在雏鸡体内回归6代,均未见法氏囊明显的眼观病变,囊指数保持稳定。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病诊断概述

鸡传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal disease,IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起的主要危害雏鸡的一种烈性、高度接触性传染病,以侵害鸡的中枢免疫器官--法氏囊等淋巴组织为特征.其危害性主要表现在两方面:①雏鸡在早期感染本病后会引起严重的、长期的免疫抑制,引起继发感染或导致免疫失败;②引起鸡的发病和死亡率升高.有关IBD的诊断技术,国内外学者进行了大量的研究,可分为流行病学、病理学、病原学、免疫学、分子生物学等,现简要介绍如下.     

反向遗传技术在传染性法氏囊病病毒研究中的应用

传染性法氏囊病是鸡的最严重疾病之一,其病原是鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV),IBDV基因组为两片段双链RNA,变异株和超强毒株的出现,给传统的疫苗免疫带来了新的挑战,因此,加强对IBDV的基础研究是控制该病的关键.RNA的结构不稳定成为阻碍RNA病毒研究的主要障碍,近年来兴起的反向遗传技术将RNA病毒的基因组转化为cDNA,从而使RNA病毒的基因操作成为可能,也使RNA病毒的研究获得了快速的发展.文章就传染性法氏囊病病毒反向遗传操作研究的意义、方法、概况及相关分子生物学进行了全面综述.     

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induces apoptosis in chicken B cells

The ability of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) serotypes 1 and 2, and the role of VP4 of both serotypes as well as the capacity of three IBDV intermediate serotype 1-specific vaccine strains to induce apoptosis in a chicken B-lymphocyte cell line, DT40, were investigated using the TUNEL technique. It was observed that IBDV serotype 1 infected the DT40 cell line and directly induced apoptosis. In contrast, the non-pathogenic serotype 2 neither infected nor induced apoptosis, but was able to reduce the serotype 1-induced apoptosis when the two viruses were present in combination. VP4 of both serotypes did not induce apoptosis. IBDV VP2 of serotype 2 induced apoptosis in the same proportion and intensity as VP2 of serotype 1. IBDV intermediate vaccines varied in their ability to induce apoptosis in the DT40 cell line, which was also decreased-delayed in presence of serotype 2 IBDV. We hypothesize that both serotypes compete for the same receptor in DT-40 cells, and suggest that IBDV-induced apoptosis is a multistep process involving virus replication, protein expression, and release of virions.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒VP5基因的克隆与原核表达

根据GenBank已登录的传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）VP5基因序列,设计合成了一对VP5基因特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术从IBDV标准毒株中扩增得到VP5基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1中,构建了重组原核表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-VP5,对重组表达质粒鉴定正确后,转化大肠埃希菌BL21进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测结果表明,IBDV VP5基因在大肠埃希菌BL21中得到了正确表达,所表达的融合蛋白与IBDV阳性血清具有特异性抗原抗体反应。     

Effect of a variant infectious bursal disease virus (E/Del) on Salmonella typhimurium infection in commercial broiler chickens

The effect of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) on Salmonella typhimurium (ST) infections in broilers was investigated in terms of Salmonella shedding and persistence, pathogenicity, and isotype specific humoral immune responses. Thirty-six, 1-day-old, straight-run commercial broiler chickens that were Salmonella negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture were divided into two groups of 18 chicks each (ST and ST-IBDV). One group (ST-IBDV) of chicks received the E/Del strain of IBDV (10(5.0) median tissue culture infective dose [TCID50]/ml) through the ocular and cloacal routes divided into doses of 50 microl each at 2 days of age. Both groups were then inoculated with 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml nalidixic acid-resistant ST in the drinking water at 3 days of age. Environmental Salmonella counts were higher in the ST-IBDV group at 2 and 3 wk postinfection (PI) compared to the ST group. ST carriage in the cecal contents between the ST and ST-IBDV groups was not statistically different. The ST-IBDV group had a single mortality at 10 days postinfection compared to none in the ST group. The ST-IBDV group had significantly lower bursa to body weight ratios at 4 and 6 wk, as well as higher bursal lesion scores than the ST group at 2, 4, and 6 wk PI. The ST group had significant increase in serum IgG from 2 to 6 wk PI in comparison to the ST-IBDV group, which had no significant changes over time. Both IgA and IgM were significantly increased at 4 and 6 wk relative to 2-wk levels. There was an IBDV-induced failure of anti-Salmonella IgG seroconversion over time in ST-IBDV. Both groups continued to shed high levels of Salmonella up to the end of the study despite high antibody levels in the ST group and an unimpaired IgM and IgA production in the ST-IBDV group, indicating a limited influence of humoral immunity on Salmonella clearance.