共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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水稻稻曲病室内人工接种技术 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
为提高稻曲病人工接种的发病效果和稳定性,在温棚条件下采用水稻孕穗期注射接种法分别研究了稻曲病菌不同接种体、培养时间、接种浓度和接种时期的接种效果。采用病菌马铃薯蔗糖液体培养基(potato sucrose broth,PSB)作为接种体,其穗发病率为100%,明显好于病菌米糠培养液(23.33%)。病菌在PSB中培养5~7天接种效果较好,随病菌培养天数的延长,接种效果明显下降。接种的分生孢子浓度越低水稻病穗率和病粒数也越低。在水稻品种两优培九孕穗中后期,采用含分生孢子浓度为4×106个/mL的病菌PSB培养液注射接种,穗发病率达100%,平均病粒数35.1粒,最高达87粒。研究表明,温棚条件下建立的稻曲病人工接种技术能获得稳定的发病效果,并可区别水稻品种间的抗性差异。 相似文献
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稻曲病菌分生孢子的生物学研究 总被引:47,自引:5,他引:47
本文对稻曲病菌分生孢子的一些生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明,基质养分对分生孢子萌发影响较大,纯水不利于孢子萌发,PSA最适于孢子萌发,葡萄糖则强烈抑制孢子萌发,马铃薯煮汁既可抵消葡萄糖的抑制作用,又可刺激孢子萌发。分生孢子在琼脂面上比在液滴中萌发率高。分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为22~31℃,以28℃最好。分生孢子萌发对pH值敏感,以pH 6~7最适宜。用振荡培养法获取分生孢子,培养10 d后,孢子的萌发力开始下降。分生孢子的存活对水的依赖性强,在水中保存8 d萌发力不变,在100% RH中8 d萌发力略有降低,而在25% RH中5 h萌发力即迅速下降。根据这些特性,作者对分生孢子在田间的动态作了一些推测。 相似文献
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稻曲病发生规律及防治研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
锦县居北纬41°14'~42°40',东径120°41'~121°49',环绕锦州,濒临渤海,属海洋性湿润气候,以碳酸盐草甸土类为主。 相似文献
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稻曲病研究进展及防治建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
稻曲病研究进展及防治建议李家荣(云南省植保站昆明650034)稻曲病Ustilaginodeavriens(cooke)Tak发生、分布广,亚、非、欧、美洲均有发生,印度、中国、日本较重。我国近年来随着耕作制度变化,杂交稻推广,生产条件改善,水平提高... 相似文献
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稻曲病菌白化菌株生物学特性研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
从水稻白叶枯病菌培养滤液中提取到毒素。菌体培养滤液和毒素对抗、感水稻品种的作用不一致,培养滤液中可能含有激发子。毒素稀释液抑制水稻出苗,引起水稻幼苗萎蔫和烟草坏死反应。该毒素薄层层析显示含有七种组分,野生菌与毒性基因突变体毒素组分大体相同,但含量有明显差异。不同小种间的毒素产量有区别,组分区别不大。 相似文献
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稻曲病与水稻产量损失的关系八十年代以来,随着高产耐肥品种的推广和施肥水平的提高,百色地区稻曲病的发生危害逐年加重,并上升为水稻穗期的主要病害。为了解稻曲病发病对产量损失的影响,我们在田阳县晚稻田进行稻曲病危害损失率测定。通过田间调查取样、室内考种、统... 相似文献
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水稻品种生育期、田块和播种期对稻曲病发生严重度的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用早熟组和晚熟组各8个水稻品种采用随机区组设计连续进行两年田间试验,分析生育期与稻曲病严重度的关系,同时采用晚熟组5个品种分析田间厚垣孢子数量、播期与稻曲病发生严重度的关系。结果表明,水稻生育期、田间菌量与稻曲病田间发生的严重度呈显著正相关。早熟组各水稻品种的发病率均显著低于晚熟组各水稻品种,2005年晚熟组和早熟组品种的病穴率、病穗率和病粒率分别为76.3%、26.6%、4.6%和5.4%、0.8%、0.02%,2006年分别为75.7%、29.8%、4.7%和16.8%、3.3%、0.08%。此外,在上一年田间遗落菌量多的田块中各水稻品种稻曲病的发生程度显著高于菌量小的田块。晚熟组水稻品种的发病严重度与播种期无明显的相关性。据此认为,以种植晚熟水稻品种为主的北方稻区,种植早熟品种或进行轮作是防治该病的有效方法。 相似文献
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苯醚甲环唑与烯肟菌胺复配防治稻曲病 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为筛选防治稻曲病的杀菌剂,本文测定了苯醚甲环唑、烯肟菌胺单剂以及不同比例的混配制剂对稻曲病菌的毒力和联合毒力,并选择具有增效作用的混配药剂进行了田间防效试验。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑和烯肟菌胺按9∶1混配对稻曲病菌的抑制作用最强,EC50为0.11μg/mL,共毒系数最大,达182.91,显示二者按该比例混配具有增效作用。选择该配比加工的复配制剂5%苯醚甲环唑·烯肟菌胺微乳剂进行田间药效试验,结果表明,喷雾量为有效剂量(下同)180g/hm~2时,其病穗防效达79.89%,病粒率防效达81.94%,高于5%烯肟菌胺水剂75g/hm~2和对照药剂2.5%井冈霉素·100亿枯草芽孢杆菌水剂112.5g·4.5×10~(13)/hm~2处理,与25%苯醚甲环唑乳油和对照药剂300g/L苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑乳油均无显著差异。分析认为,5%苯醚甲环唑·烯肟菌胺ME可望作为稻曲病防治药剂进行示范和验证试验。 相似文献
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Manas Kumar Bag Anuprita Ray Prahlad Masurkar B. N. Devanna C. Parameswaran Mathew Baite Prakash Chandra Rath Amaresh Nayak 《Plant pathology》2021,70(5):1085-1097
Genetic diversity assessment and population structure analysis are essential for characterization of pathogens and their isolates. Markers are essential tools for exploring genetic variation among the isolates. False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, formerly Villosiclava virens, is a major emerging disease of rice in India. A high level of variability is observed at the field level, but no information is available from India on genetic diversity and population structure. This is the first report of genetic diversity and population structure of U. virens from India that included 63 isolates distributed across the vast geographical area of eastern and north-eastern India (18.9 to 26.7°N and 82.6 to 94.2°E). Seventeen RAPDs and 14 SSRs were identified as polymorphic and a total of 140 alleles were detected across the populations. The average number of alleles per locus for each primer was 4.5. All the isolates were grouped into two major clusters, with partial geographical segregation that was supported by principal coordinate analysis. Mantel test suggested genetic distance within the isolates increased with increasing geographical distance. Analysis of molecular variation showed more genetic variation within populations and less among populations. This outcome will help in understanding genetic diversity of U. virens from eastern and north-eastern India and in planning effective management strategies. 相似文献
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来源于同一穗不同稻曲球的稻曲病菌的致病性及遗传多样性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究从源于6穗稻曲病穗的48个稻曲球中分离获得稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)48株,从3个稻曲球的不同部位分离获得稻曲病菌23株。用注射接种法将菌株分别接种到水稻品种两优培九(感病品种)、淮稻5号(中抗品种)和武育粳3号(抗病品种)上,结果显示分离的菌株致病力分化较大,而菌株在水稻品种上的致病力强弱与已知水稻品种对稻曲病菌的感、抗性趋势基本一致。相同孢子量接种水稻,不同分离菌株之间仍有致病力分化,生长速率测定也发现菌株之间可能存在差异。利用REP PCR (repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR)技术进行菌株遗传多样性分析表明,同穗不同稻曲球分离的菌株中,1号穗分离的4个菌株聚在同一簇群,其余5穗的菌株分别聚在3~5个簇群;同一稻曲球不同部位分离的菌株中,一个稻曲球分离的8个病菌聚在同一簇群,而其余2个稻曲球分离的病菌则分别聚在2~3个簇群。由此推测同一稻穗上不同稻曲球可能是由来源不同的稻曲病菌侵染所形成;而一个稻曲球可以由同一稻曲病菌引起,也存在多个侵染源共同侵染的可能。 相似文献
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J. Fan X.‐Y. Guo F. Huang Y. Li Y.‐F. Liu L. Li Y.‐J. Xu J.‐Q. Zhao H. Xiong J.‐J. Yu W. Wang 《Plant pathology》2014,63(4):937-945
Ustilaginoidea virens (Uv), the causative agent of rice false smut disease, infects developing rice spikelets at the booting stage, and transforms individual grains of the panicle into smut balls. Epidemics of the disease occur when the rice booting and heading stages coincide with rainy days. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labelled Uv isolate that can form false smut balls on rice panicles, it was found that under high humidity and free water conditions the Uv isolate could colonize leaves of plants belonging to various families including the Poaceae (Oryza sativa, Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Leptochloa chinensis), the Brassicaceae (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the Solanaceae (Nicotiana benthamiana) without symptoms. Over several days, some conidia could germinate on the leaves of these plants and in water on the surface of Parafilm and cellophane, form hyphae and differentiate conidiophores to generate a large number of secondary conidia, while other conidia were able to directly produce secondary conidia. Conversely, in the absence of water some conidia could either bud to form new conidia or were converted into chlamydospores. These data indicate that Uv is one of a few fungal pathogens reported to have epiphytic characteristics. The rapid generation of a large number of spores on biotic and abiotic surfaces greatly increases the inoculum that can infect rice spikelets, resulting in the occurrence of rice false smut disease epidemics. These findings are important in the development of disease control strategies. 相似文献
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转hrf1基因水稻对稻曲病抗性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用注射接种法测定9个转hrf1基因水稻品系对稻曲病的抗性,结果表明B12-2m、B12、HTRP2和NJH12转基因系对稻曲病的抗性有显著提高,其中NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现最突出。在江苏南京和安徽潜山两地的田间测定结果显示NJH12对稻曲病的抗性表现明显,与对照相比防效提高65%以上。用RT-PCR测定抗病转基因系中防卫基因的表达,在抗病转基因系中,Ospr1a、Ospr1b和PAL等防卫反应基因的表达明显增强。转hrf1基因水稻可能通过诱导防卫反应基因的表达提高水稻对稻曲病的抗性。 相似文献
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