Lymphangiosarcoma associated with hyonatraernia and hyperkalaemia in a dog

Lymphangiosarcoma was diagnosed in a 13-year-old castrated male terrier cross dog. Clinical and laboratory evaluation revealed concurrent hypovolaemia, hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia. Plasma cortisol and aldosterone concentrations excluded hypoadrenocorticism as the cause of these changes. The laboratory abnormalities may be associated with isotonic fluid loss and a transient defect in renal potassium excretion.     

Hepatic carcinoid, hypercortisolism and hypokalaemia in a dog

A German Shepherd dog was diagnosed with periodic myopathy secondary to persistent hypokalaemia. Hormone analysis revealed excess cortisol secretion. A neuroendocrine carcinoma, thought to be a primary hepatic carcinoid, was detected in the liver. Ectopic adrenocorticotrophin hormone secretion was suspected as the cause of hypercortisolism and hypokalaemia, although this could not be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.     

The prevalence and clinical relevance of hyperkalaemia in calves with neonatal diarrhoea

One hundred and twenty-four calves with neonatal diarrhoea were investigated in order to assess the prevalence of hyperkalaemia and the associated clinical signs. Hyperkalaemia (potassium concentration >5.8 mmol/L) was recognized in 42 (34%) calves and was more closely associated with dehydration than with decreases in base excess or venous blood pH. In 75 calves with normal blood concentrations of D-lactate (i.e. ?3.96 mmol/L), K concentrations were moderately correlated with base excess values (r = ?0.48, P < 0.001). In contrast, no significant correlation was observed in 49 calves with elevated D-lactate. Only three hyperkalaemic calves had bradycardia and a weak positive correlation was found between heart rate and K concentrations (r = 0.22, P = 0.014). Ten of the 124 calves had cardiac arrhythmia and of these seven had hyperkalaemia indicating that cardiac arrhythmia had a low sensitivity (17%) but a high specificity (96%) as a predictor of hyperkalaemia.In a subset of 34 calves with base excess values ??5 mmol/L and D-lactate concentrations <5 mmol/L (of which 22 had hyperkalaemia), changes in posture/ability to stand could be mainly explained by elevations of K concentrations (P < 0.001) and to a lesser extent by increases in L-lactate concentrations (P = 0.024). Skeletal muscle weakness due to hyperkalaemia alongside hypovolaemia may produce a clinical picture that is similar to that in calves with marked D-lactic acidosis. However, since reductions in the strength of the palpebral reflex are closely correlated with D-lactate concentrations, a prompt palpebral reflex can assist the clinical prediction of hyperkalaemia in calves presenting with a distinct impairment in their ability to stand (specificity 99%, sensitivity 29%).     

Relationship between potassium administration,hyperkalaemia and the electrocardiogram: An experimental study

Hyperkalaemia affected the equine myocardium. The minimum plasma potassium concentration required to induce electrocardiographic changes was 6.2 mmol/litre and severe cardiotoxic effects were observed at levels of 8.0 to 10.1 mmol/litre in this experimental situation. The most consistent sign of hyperkalaemia was broadening and flattening of the P wave, which was generally associated with a change in T waves in the chest lead from negative to positive. The more pronounced the hyperkalaemia, the less pronounced the P wave and the more peaked positive the T wave. Severe hyperkalaemia was associated with various arrhythmias invariably associated with the presence of broad flat or absent P waves and upright T waves in chest leads. Caution against extrapolation from the experimental to the clinical situation must be exercised because of many complex interacting factors. Hyperkalaemia is difficult to induce experimentally and, unless associated with disease, is unlikely to occur in the horse.     

Severe hyperkalaemia associated with renal dysplasia in a 2-day-old foal

A 2-day-old filly foal presented with signs of depression, recumbency and inappetence. Blood analyses revealed hypoalbuminaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperkalaemia. The foal deteriorated despite intensive treatment and was subjected to euthanasia. At post mortem examination, the urinary bladder, ureters and kidneys appeared normal grossly. Histologically both kidneys showed disorganised development with the presence of structures inappropriate for a foal of this age, including primitive glomeruli, immature renal tubules and persistent metanephric ducts. Based on these findings a diagnosis of bilateral renal dysplasia was made.     

Experimental hyperkalaemia in rabbits: effects of salbutamol and norepinephrine treatments on blood biochemistry and electrocardiography

The effects of salbutamol and norepinephrine on the electrocardiogram (ECG), serum potassium level and enzyme activities were studied in rabbits with hyperkalaemia; norepinephrine and salbutamol may be therapeutically useful. For induction of hyperkalaemia, 300 mM KCl solution was used and then isotonic saline solution containing 6 microg salbutamol and 3.9 microg norepinephrine per ml were administered. Norepinephrine and salbutamol decreased the serum potassium from 7.36 +/- 0.26 and 7.21 +/- 0.31 mmol/L to 5.62 +/- 0.27 and 4.35 +/- 0.33 mmol/L, respectively, and caused the ECG changes (flatness of P wave, widening of QRS complex and bradycardia) to return to the control conditions (time 0). Norepinephrine, but not salbutamol, decreased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to the control levels. These results suggest that monitoring of the enzyme activities might be useful as it yields indexes suitable for evaluating the therapeutic approach with norepinephrine in hyperkalaemia.     

地震灾后恢复重建工程项目管理体会

本文通过查阅相关资料,对地震灾后恢复重建工程建设项目管理体系中的灾后重建工程建设项目应急管理体系、灾后重建工程建设项目合同监管体系、灾后重建工程建设项目管理组织等指标进行研究,提出了把握灾后重建工程建设项目管理的特点、提高灾后重建工程建设项目管理的精细化程度、完善灾后重建工程建设的项目管理机构等项目管理措施。确保地震灾后恢复重建工程项目管理的质量。     

实验室管理与实验室管理体系

实验室是国家组织高水平基础研究和应用研究、聚集和培养优秀科学家、开展学术交流的重要基地,不同专业与行业实验室管理要求存在差异,对实验室管理、实验室管理体系的系统学习,有利于更好帮助做好实验室管理和实验室体系建设。     

信任与管理

最近时常感到有些人对于管理的理解是那么的模糊,以致于有些人认为加强管理就是多怀疑下属人员.其实,作为管理者,信任和管理有着必然的联系,同时又有着明确的区别.     

工程管理系统思维与工程全寿命期管理

传统的工程管理方式已不能满足当前建设速度的需要,为此新的工程管理系统思维被提了出来。相比于传统的管理方式,新的管理思维有效的提高了工程效率和质量,对于相关工程的建设有了重大的突破,对于提高社会主义建设有着积极的推动作用。本文通过多方面对工程管理信息进行剖析和解释,探讨可持续工程化建设的意义,以供参考。     

种公牛的饲养管理技术

种公牛是提高牛群质量最关健的因素,一头种公牛自然交配,与配母牛一年大约几百头。利用人工授精技术每年比本交能增加几倍。而用牛冷冻精液结合人工授精技术进行冷配每年配种母牛数量少则上万头,多则几万头。本文从饲养种公牛的基本要求出发,对种公牛的特性,营养与日常饲养管理、防疫和疾病防治,以及安全生产多方面做了整理介绍,以供同行参考。     

怀孕母猪的饲养管理要点

科学地饲养管理好怀孕母猪,不仅能保证胎儿在母猪体内正常发育,防止流产和死胎,产出身体健壮、大小匀称和初生重大的仔猪,而且能够保持母猪有良好的体况,为产后泌乳期贮积必要的营养物质,打下良好的基础。1怀孕母猪的诊断主要是对早期妊娠的准确诊断,能减少空怀,提高繁殖率。方