牦牛垂体特异转录因子-1、生长激素和α-乳清蛋白基因多态性的分析

利用PCR-RFLP技术分析了麦洼牦牛、九龙牦牛和西藏牦牛GH、Pit-1和 -LA基因的多态性.采用普通牛所用的PCR引物均能在牦牛上正确地扩增出上述几个基因相应大小的片段.GH、Pit-1和 -LA(-1689)基因特定位点均未检测到多态性,基因型分别为AA、BB和AA;利用PCR-RFLP分析牦牛乳蛋白基因型具有准确、快速的特点,并能对新生牦牛和公牦牛乳蛋白或泌乳相关基因型进行分析.     

牦牛垂体特异转录因子-1、生长激素和α-乳清蛋白基因多态性的分析

利用PCR-RFLP技术分析了麦洼牦牛、九龙牦牛和西藏牦牛GH、Pit-1和α-LA基因的多态性。采用普通牛所用的PCR引物均能在牦牛上正确地扩增出上述几个基因相应大小的片段。GH、Pit-1和α-LA(-1689)基因特定位点均未检测到多态性,基因型分别为AA、BB和AA;利用PCR-RFLP分析牦牛乳蛋白基因型具有准确、快速的特点,并能对新生牦牛和公牦牛乳蛋白或泌乳相关基因型进行分析。     

垂体特异性转录因子1基因遗传多态性与中国西门塔尔牛生长及育肥性状的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析垂体特异性转录因子(Pit-1)基因SNPs与中国西门塔尔牛生长和育肥性状的相关性。试验以118头中国西门塔尔牛为材料,利用DNA测序和PCR-RFLP方法检测Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态性,并进行相关分析。结果表明,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点与料重比和平均日增重性状呈显著相关(P＜0.05),其中BB基因型个体显著优于AA基因型个体,饲料转化率较低,平均日增重较高;在8、15月龄体高性状,12、15月龄体长性状,8、12、15月龄胸围性状和8月龄腹围性状中,Hinf Ⅰ酶切位点多态差异显著,BB基因型个体表型值显著高于AA基因型(P＜0.05);在宰后体尺性状测量性状中,Pit-1基因Hinf Ⅰ多态位点对胴体长、胴体胸深和腰部肉厚性状影响显著,其中BB基因型个体表型值显著大于AA和AB基因型个体(P＜0.05)。初步认为,BB基因型与优良的生长育肥性能显著相关,对B等位基因的选择有利于优良性状的改良。     

Effect of fetal bovine serum and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum on microbial cell wall-induced expression of procoagulant activity by equine and canine mononuclear cells in vitro

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and heat-inactivated FBS (HI-FBS) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and zymosan-induced procoagulant activity of equine and canine mononuclear cells. SAMPLE POPULATION: Mononuclear cells from 18 horses and 3 dogs. PROCEDURES: Cells were incubated with various concentrations of FBS, HI-FBS, LPS, zymosan, polymyxin B, and anti-LPS-binding protein monoclonal antibody or combinations of these constituents. A 1 stage recalcification assay was used to determine procoagulant activity. RESULTS: Addition of FBS to media significantly increased procoagulant activity; equine and canine cells were stimulated by 1% and 10% FBS, respectively. Coincubation of cells with FBS and polymyxin B did not reduce this effect, suggesting that the response was not attributable to LPS contamination. Addition of HI-FBS to media did not stimulate procoagulant activity of equine or canine cells, and the sensitivity of the equine cells to LPS was significantly increased by HI-FBS. This increased LPS sensitivity was reduced 40% with monoclonal antibody directed against human recombinant LPS-binding protein. Increasing concentrations of HIFBS significantly increased LPS- and zymosan-induced procoagulant activity of canine cells. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Procoagulant activity production in equine and canine mononuclear cells was significantly increased by addition of FBS, whereas heat inactivation of FBS eliminated this effect. Heat inactivation did not eliminate the function of serum proteins involved in enhancement of LPS and zymosan-induced procoagulant activity. Results suggest that HI-FBS can be used as a source of serum proteins that increase the sensitivity of mononuclear cells to bacterial and yeast cell wall components.     

Cytogenetic analysis of lymphoid blood cells in bovine leucosis]

For the cytogenetic analysis lymphocytes of the peripheral blood were used that had been obtained from cows suffering from leucosis. The blood was taken from a diseased cow, from its 15 months old daughter suffering from leucosis, and from the healthy bull-father (NAT-47). The diagnosis of leucosis was determined by means of hematological examination. In the cow 139 metaphase plates were evaluated, in the daughter 118, and in the bull 132. On the one hand, normoploidy was determined and on the other hand, chromosome aberrations. In the cow 31.0 p. c. of chromosome aberrations were found, in the daughter 32.3 p. c., and in the bull 37.2 p. c. Breaks in X chromosomes were found in the cow (6.7 p. c.) and in the daughter (1.7 p. c.). Longitudinal diversion of arms in the centromere in X chromosomes in the vertical axis into two separate arms was found in the cow amounting to 6.5 p. c., in the daughter to 5.9 p. c., and in the bull to only 0.8 p. c.     

Quantitation and localization of immunoglobulin E containing cells in bovine lymphoid tissues

Although recent studies have begun to describe and quantify IgE responses in bovine serum and secretions, little is known about the distribution and quantity of IgE containing cells in cattle. In the present study, cells with cytoplasmic IgE were quantitated in bovine lymphoid tissues, using immunoperoxidase staining and evaluation by an image analysing computer (Quantimet). Frozen sections from retropharyngeal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes, tonsil and spleen were stained from 11 calves, some of which had been exposed to antigen by aerosol or injection. Although individual variability was considerable, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes generally contained the greatest percentage of IgE containing cells, while retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, and spleen had less. Parenteral immunization with ovalbumin appeared to increase the splenic percentage, while aerosol exposure to ovalbumin was associated with a greater percentage of IgE containing cells in bronchial lymph nodes. Comparison of the present results with those reported for other species shows some similar trends in IgE localization.     

牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的克隆及在Vero细胞中表达

为了解牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的生物学特性,本实验应用PCR技术扩增牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因,构建真核表达重组质粒pVAX-MAG1,将鉴定正确的pVAX-MAG1重组质粒转染Vero细胞,应用间接荧光检测方法(1FA)和western blot技术检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中的表达.结果显示,扩增的牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因长度为1047bp,与GenBank中登录的MAG1 (EF580924.1)核苷酸序列同源性为99％,IFA检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中获得瞬时表达,western blot分析表达蛋白的分子量为39 ku,具有较好的反应原性.本实验为新孢子虫病核酸疫苗与诊断试剂盒的研究奠定了基础.     

Growth hormone and lactogenic hormones can reduce the leptin mRNA expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Leptin mRNA is expressed in not only adipocytes but also mammary epithelial cells and leptin protein is present in milk. Although milk leptin is thought to influence metabolism or the immune system in neonates, there is little information about the regulation of leptin expression in mammary epithelial cells. We examined the effect of growth hormone (GH) and/or lactogenic hormone complex (DIP; dexamethasone, insulin and prolactin) on leptin mRNA expression in mammary epithelial cells. We used a bovine mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) clonal line, which was established from a 26-day pregnant Holstein heifer. We confirmed that the mRNA was expressed in BMECs and the expression was significantly reduced by GH and/or DIP, when the cells were cultured on both plastic plates and cell culture inserts at days 2 and 7 after stimulation with lactogenic hormones. GH and/or DIP significantly increased level of alpha-casein mRNA in BMECs after 7 days on the cell culture inserts, but no mRNA expression was detected at day 2. GH and DIP significantly stimulated the secretion of alpha-casein from BMEC on cell culture inserts at 3.5 and 7 days. However, neither alpha-casein mRNA expression nor secretion was observed in the BMECs cultured on plastic dishes, even in the presence of GH or/and DIP. These results indicate that GH and DIP can directly reduce leptin mRNA expression in both undifferentiated and functionally differentiated bovine mammary epithelial cell.     

Differential expression of microRNAs in bovine papillomavirus type 1 transformed equine cells

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types 1 and 2 play an important role in the pathogenesis of equine sarcoids (ES), the most common cutaneous tumour affecting horses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non‐coding RNAs that regulate essential biological and cellular processes, have been found dysregulated in a wide range of tumours. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs associated with ES. Differential expression of miRNAs was assessed in control equine fibroblasts (EqPalFs) and EqPalFs transformed with the BPV‐1 genome (S6‐2 cells). Using a commercially available miRNA microarray, 492 mature miRNAs were interrogated. In total, 206 mature miRNAs were differentially expressed in EqPalFs compared with S6‐2 cells. Aberrant expression of these miRNAs in S6‐2 cells can be attributed to the presence of BPV‐1 genomes. Furthermore, we confirm the presence of 124 miRNAs previously computationally predicted in the horse. Our data supports the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of ES.     

Isolation and characterisation of fetal bovine brain cells in primary culture

Primary cultures and cryopreservation procedure of bovine brain cells were established as in vitro experimental systems to study the responses of bovine brain cells to neuropathogenic agents. Brain cells were dissociated by papain from the cerebellum of a bovine fetus at 90 to 120 days old, and were cultured in different media. In a medium containing 1 per cent fetal bovine serum (FBS), neuronal cells were maintained and they formed clusters on glial and fibroblastic cell sheets. In a medium containing 10 per cent FBS, the proportion of neurones decreased, and fibroblastic and microglial cells dominated. In a serum-free medium containing epidermal growth factor, the highest neuronal proportion was obtained. Optimal cryopreservation condition for the brain tissues was investigated by changing the concentrations of DMSO and FBS. Brain cells could be cultured from cryopreserved tissue with only slightly reduced growth profiles and varying cell proportions in comparison to those prepared from fresh tissue.     

Immunocytochemical identification of Pit-1 containing cells in the anterior pituitary of hens

Our goal was to identify the cells expressing Pit-1 protein in chicken anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitaries were collected from laying hens after perfusion with formalin-PBS, and fixed with Bouin's fixative followed by paraffin embedding. Sections of the anterior pituitaries were immunostained for Pit-1 in the first staining sequence followed by staining for 6 types of pituitary hormones in the second sequence. Pit-1 positive nuclei were observed in the glandular cells in both the cephalic and caudal lobes. Pit-1 immunoreaction products were colocalized in the glandular cells immunopositive for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone or prolactin. These results indicate that Pit-1 protein induction occurs in 6 types of glandular cells, suggesting that Pit-1 may regulate hormone synthesis in each glandular cell in the chicken pituitary.     

IGF-1和Pit-1基因多态性与淮猪新品系生长性状的相关性分析

以淮猪新品系Ⅱ系一世代（190头）、二世代（244头）为试验材料,采用PCR-RFLP方法分别检测IGF-1基因的HhaⅠ酶切位点、Pit-1基因的RsaⅠ酶切位点的多态性,并与生长性状进行相关性分析。结果表明：30~90kg平均日增重、达90kg校正日龄在一世代、二世代、两个世代合并中,IGF-1基因的AA型个体均有优于AB、BB型个体的趋势,但差异都不显著（P＆gt;0.05）;Pit-1基因的DD型个体均有优于CD、CC型个体的趋势,但差异都不显著（P＆gt;0.05）。虽然IGF-1基因、Pit-1基因的不同基因型个体在一世代、二世代的达90kg校正背膘厚的趋势不一致,但是在两个世代合并中以IGF-1基因的AA型个体、Pit-1基因的DD型个体最薄,但差异不显著（P＆gt;0.05）。若将IGF-1基因、Pit-1基因作为生长性状的遗传标记用于淮猪新品系的选育,需要在淮猪新品系Ⅱ系后续世代中扩大样本含量并进行进一步的验证。     

Viral contamination of bovine fetal lung cultures and bovine fetal serum

Commercial bovine fetal serum (BFS) and bovine fetal lung (BFL) cells were tested for viruses. The only virus detected in any samples was noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Of 37 BFL cultures initiated, 34 were negative for BVDV, 1 was positive, and 2 were suspicious in that the source of BVDV contamination was not certain. Of 9 lots of irradiated sera tested, 1 (10%) was positive for BVDV; of 21 lots of nonirradiated sera tested, 13 (62%) were positive for BVDV. As judged by intensity of fluorescence in infected cultures, some cell strains were much more susceptible to BVDV than other strains. Heat inactivation of serum at 56 C for 30 minutes was found to be an unreliable method of eliminating BVDV from sera.     

Blockade of bovine PD-1 increases T cell function and inhibits bovine leukemia virus expression in B cells in vitro

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a known immunoinhibitory receptor that contributes to immune evasion of various tumor cells and pathogens causing chronic infection, such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection. First, in this study, to establish a method for the expression and functional analysis of bovine PD-1, hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for bovine PD-1 were established. Treatment with these anti-PD-1 mAb enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Next, to examine whether PD-1 blockade by anti-PD-1 mAb could upregulate the immune reaction during chronic infection, the expression and functional analysis of PD-1 in PBMC isolated from BLV-infected cattle with or without lymphoma were performed using anti-PD-1 mAb. The frequencies of both PD-1⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in blood and lymph node and PD-1⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in lymph node were higher in BLV-infected cattle with lymphoma than those without lymphoma or control uninfected cattle. PD-1 blockade enhanced IFN-γ production and proliferation and reduced BLV-gp51 expression and B-cell activation in PBMC from BLV-infected cattle in response to BLV-gp51 peptide mixture. These data show that anti-bovine PD-1 mAb could provide a new therapy to control BLV infection via upregulation of immune response.     

Growth activity of bovid herpesvirus 1 in bovine follicular oocytes with cumulus cells.

Bovine follicular oocytes collected from bovine ovaries were exposed to bovid herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). After washings, these oocytes were cultured to mature. As a result BHV-1 could not be removed from the oocytes and could replicate in the oocytes with cumulus cells, but not in the oocytes without the cells. Moreover, the specific fluorescence for BHV-1 was detected in the cumulus cells by a indirect immunofluorescent technique. Therefore these findings suggested BHV-1 could be absorbed in the oocytes but the replication of BHV-1 was done in the cumulus cells.