“尼罗罗非鱼捕捞技术的研究”通过鉴定

罗非鱼捕捞难的矛盾在一定程度上影响了它的推广和发展。     

尼罗罗非鱼、鲤鱼捕捞技术的试验

<正> 浙江省淡水水产研究所从1983年开始对池塘罗非鱼、鲤鱼的捕捞技术进行了研究。应用电渔法的原理,着重分析、比较了二种鱼在不同性质的电流、不同电压的刺激下所起的反应,并为带电拉网研制成功了结构简单,造价低廉的双向脉冲发生器。同时,对以捕捞上层鱼为主的一般池塘拉网进行了改     

中国大陆尼罗罗非鱼引进及其研究进展

罗非鱼是联合国粮农组织向全世界推广的优良养殖鱼类，已成为世界笥的主要养殖对象之一，我国大陆罗非鱼养殖产量在淡水养殖产量中居第六位，在世界罗非鱼养殖产量中居第一位，罗非鱼类中的主要养殖种类为尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus)，引入我国已二十余年，这是我国大陆引进鱼关中养殖最成功者。     

尼罗罗非鱼营养需要量

尼罗罗非鱼营养需要量雍文岳（中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所）尼罗罗非鱼在我国许多地区已成为主要养殖对象，且成为我国集约化养殖加网箱、流水和工厂化养殖的重要品种。国家从“六五”科技攻关开始，一直将尼罗罗非鱼营养和饲料研究列入饲料开发研究之中。作者依据...     

尼罗罗非鱼规模性的养殖方法

刘梦山先生以多年实践经验撰写的《尼罗罗非鱼规模性的养殖方法》一文,从本期起,本刊连续发表,3期载完,以飨读者。     

尼罗罗非鱼规模性的养殖方法

<正> 7 鱼种的回收与回供 使用大规格越冬鱼种进行尼罗罗非鱼的常规养殖,在收获成鱼的同时,往往会随之生产一定数量的鱼种。这些鱼种养不能养,卖不能卖,养殖者常把它当作饲料或干脆抛弃,造成较大的浪费。而越冬基地大多搞成鱼养殖,秋末越冬时往往种源不足,造成越冬池一定程度的闲置。为了解快生产中存在的这     

尼罗罗非鱼越冬驯化研究初报

尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia nilotica)除了具有生长快,繁殖力强,食性广,饵料杂,抗病力强,耐低氧等优点外,还具有肉质细嫩,味道鲜美和少刺的特点,深受养鱼户(场)的喜爱,也倍受市场的欢迎。但此鱼原产热带,栖息环境最适温度是24～32℃,临界致死水温低限为9.5℃,高限为45℃,当水温降至14℃时,摄食量减少或完全停止,若长期处于14℃低温或继续下降时则死亡。因此,我们不得不动用     

休闲渔具的设计模式研究

休闲渔业是集渔业、旅游、观光、休闲为一体的产业，是渔业发展中的新领域，渔业经济新的增长点，是滨海旅游业的一个支柱项目。本文从旅游业的发展入手，阐述了休闲渔业的现状与发展前景，进而着重探讨了休闲渔具的设计理论、适应性、主要类别、各自的优缺点、如何改进创新及休闲渔具的发展前景等相关的问题。     

尼罗非鲫腺垂体中外侧部的超微结构

取越冬前期、越冬期、初春期及夏季高温期3龄雌性尼罗非鲫(Oreochromisnilotica),对其腺垂体中外侧部的超微结构进行观察分析。其中外侧部主要由生长激素(GH)分泌细胞、促甲状腺激素(TSH)分泌细胞和促性腺激素(GTH)分泌细胞所组成。对脑垂体结构的年周期观察结果表明,在卵黄发生期和成熟期阶段,GH细胞处于活跃状态;产卵期间,TSH细胞与GTH细胞显示了同步的高度活跃,TSH分泌可直接促进排卵活动。并讨论各类腺细胞的超微结构特征及分泌颗粒释放方式的特点。     

珠海“蟹夹”渔具的调查分析

根据“蟹夹”的渔具结构和捕捞原理,将其定名为漂流延绳弹夹笼壶。介绍了“蟹夹”的捕捞对象和作业方式,对其渔具性能进行了分析,对“蟹夹”渔具管理提出了若干意见。     

脱钙罗非鱼鱼鳞明胶提取工艺优化及其理化性质

文章以罗非鱼（Oreochromisnilotica）鱼鳞为原料,经乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA—Na,）脱钙处理后采用酸法提取明胶。根据中心组合试验设计（centercombination of experimental design,CCD）原理展开试验,考察提取时间（h,X,）、提取温度（℃,X2）、浸酸时问（h,X1）和柠檬酸质量浓度（g·L-1,X）对明胶得率（％,y）的影响,并对所得明胶的理化性质与牛骨明胶进行比较。响应面分析结果表明,提取温度、提取时间和浸酸时问与明胶得率之间具有显著相关性;优化的提取条件为提取温度65℃、提取时间3．6h、柠檬酸质量浓度200g·L-1、浸酸时间11．3h。在此条件下的明胶得率为28．4％,与预测值30．1％相近。制得的鱼鳞明胶粗蛋白含量为89．9％,氨基酸组成中每1000总氨基酸残基中甘氨酸为352个,亚氨基酸（脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸）173个;凝胶强度高达245Bloom（g）,熔点为27．0℃,而比浓对数粘度及成胶质量浓度分别为0．030L·g-1。和8．0g·L-1。     

阿曼苏丹渔场捕捞乌贼渔具改进的探讨

报道了山东圣海渔业集团公司渔轮赴阿曼苏丹渔场生产中有关渔具使用研究的情况 ,简述了渔场自然环境 ,目前应用的捕捞乌贼效果较好的网具主要参数 ,重点探讨了渔具改进的主要措施。     

福建省内陆捕捞渔具的作业类型及其数量组成分析

本文根据2009年8月至12月福建省捕捞业渔具渔法普查资料,分析整理了福建内陆地区捕捞业渔具渔法现状调查数据.结果表明:福建内陆地区捕捞渔具有刺网类、钓具类、笼壶类、拖网类、张网类、陷阱类、耙刺类、地拉网类、敷网类、掩罩类、抄网类和杂渔具等12个类别、21种作业型式、渔具总数量123204张(个、顶等).按渔具类别划分...     

Plastic gear loss estimates from remote observation of industrial fishing activity

Derelict fishing gear is a highly visible source of marine plastic pollution, causing mortality and ecosystem degradation with uncertain long-term consequences. The quantity of derelict gear entering the oceans remains unknown because of heterogeneity in fishing gear and effort, as well as inadequate monitoring. Prior studies have been limited in scope to specific fisheries and regions, and large-scale estimates lack an empirical basis. It is critically important for decision makers to have credible information in order to design effective remediation efforts. We estimated the amount of industrial fishing effort and the associated plastic debris entering the ocean globally each year from lost fishing gear. Using remote observations of fishing vessel activity paired with technical fishing gear models, we generated a bounding estimate for gear operation and loss worldwide in 2018. We estimate that industrial trawl, purse-seine and pelagic longline fisheries operated 2.1 Mt of plastic gear over 2018 to obtain 49.7 Mt of retained and discarded catch, representing 74% of industrial marine capture globally. The median estimate for plastic gear lost during the use of these gear types was 48.4 kt (95% confidence interval: 28.4–99.5 kt). This estimate excludes abandoned and discarded gear. Improved observation, especially of small-scale fisheries, is needed to better understand the sources of derelict gear. These findings serve as a benchmark for future monitoring and management efforts to reduce derelict gear in the global ocean.     

几何相似原理在过滤性渔具网目选择性研究中的应用

利用几何相似原理将传统的过滤性渔具选择性曲线转化为选择性曲面。运用选择性方程，并假设不同网目大小的渔具对相同尺寸渔获个体的渔获服从多项分布后，对过滤性渔具的网目选择性建立模型。使用极大似然估计法对模型进行拟合，同时，通过假设检验对模型进行简化。使用平行作业法试验条件下的张网渔具的黄鲫(Setipinrm taty)渔获数据进行模型拟合。结果显示，所建模型可以在没有对照网的情况下估算出各不同网目大小网囊的选择率，并同样适用于套网法试验条件下的选择性分析。模型的建立为今后进行过滤性渔具网目选择性试验方法改革提供了理论参考。通过与SELECT模型比较，认为模型使用选择性方程并区分渔获能力和捕捞努力量使得模型更具普遍性。     

Estimates of fishing gear loss rates at a global scale: A literature review and meta‐analysis

Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) represents a significant, yet ultimately unknown amount of global marine debris, with serious environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study reviews 68 publications from 1975 to 2017 that contain quantitative information about fishing gear losses. Gear loss estimates reported by the studies ranged widely, with all net studies reviewed reporting annual gear loss rates from 0% to 79.8%, all trap studies reporting gear loss rates from 0% to 88%, and all line studies reporting gear loss rates from 0.1% to 79.2%. Information obtained from this review was used to perform a meta‐analysis that provides the first synthetic, statistically robust estimates of global fishing gear losses. The meta‐analysis estimates global fishing gear losses for different major gear types. We estimate that 5.7% of all fishing nets, 8.6% of all traps, and 29% of all lines are lost around the world each year. Furthermore, we identified key gear characteristics, operational aspects and environmental contexts that influence gear loss. These estimates can be used to support sustainable fisheries development through informing risk assessments for fisheries and monitoring and assessment efforts to reduce gear losses.     

Identifying the origins of fishing gear ingested by seabirds: a novel multivariate approach

• 1. The global decline of albatrosses (Diomedidae: Procellariiformes) is thought to have occurred largely as a direct result of fishery‐related mortality. Albatrosses and other large petrels interact with fisheries in several ways, including scavenging used bait and discarded offal, which may contain hooks.
• 2. Hooks that are ingested by breeding birds are often fed to chicks which subsequently regurgitate them shortly before fledging.
• 3. In this study a series of mathematical (cladistic, cluster and principal components) analyses are applied to a sample of 241 items of fishing gear (hook, snood and hook/snood unit) collected from seabird nest sites on Bird Island, South Georgia, and 44 reference gear items provided by four South Atlantic regional fisheries.
• 4. The five separate analyses failed to assign most gear to a particular fishery or to identify any consistent annual trends. The homogeneous nature of the material, which was largely derived from the same manufacturers, meant that gear origin could not be determined. This suggests that hooks found at seabird colonies in this, and potentially other regions, will be of limited use in identifying offending fisheries, unless operators are obliged to deploy gear with unique marks in the future.
• 5. Nevertheless, it is suggested that this approach should work effectively where birds interact with a range of fisheries targeting different species using variable gear. This study therefore represents an innovative approach to the characterization of lost fishing gear with potentially widespread application. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.