Fungitoxicity of bromo- and iodo-3,5-dinitrobenzoates

Esters of 2-bromo-, 4-bromo-, 2-iodo- and 4-iodo- 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acids show considerable antifungal activity in spore germination tests against Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Septoria nodorum and Uromyces fabae. They act as protectant fungicides against Erysiphe graminis, Puccinia recondita and Septoria nodorum on wheat and Botrytis fabae on broad bean. The most active compounds are methyl and ethyl 4-bromo-3,5-dinitrobenzoates which give better control of wheat rust than oxycarboxin and methyl 4-iodo-3,5-dinitrobenzoate which is at least as effective as captan against Septoria leaf spot on wheat. Several of the esters are superior to captan in controlling chocolate spot on broad bean.     

Fungitoxicity and growth regulation involving aspects of lipid biosynthesis

Triarimol and triforine inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi and cause accumulation of free fatty acids, 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol, obtusifoliol and 14α-methyl-δ^8,24(28)-ergostadienol. Triparanol also inhibits ergosterol synthesis and causes accumulation of free fatty acids, but not of the latter 3 sterols. Triparanol appears to inhibit prior to lanosterol in the sterol biosynthetic pathway of Ustilago maydis and at unidentified sites subsequent to lanosterol which lead to the accumulation of a sterol which migrates with desmethylsterols on TLC plates. Quantitative abnormalities in sterols and free fatty acids in U. maydis are not produced by the fungicides carbendazim, chloroneb, carboxin and cycloheximide. A deficiency in nitrogen leads to a marked increase in triglycerides, but a normal distribution pattern for other lipids.Inhibition of oxidative demethylation of the sterol 14α-methyl group is probably the prime mechanism of inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis by triarimol. Rates of formation of obtusifoliol and 14α-methyl-δ^8,24(28)-ergostadienol in triarimol-treated U. maydis cells suggest that C-4 demethylation occurs along an abnormal pathway which operates effectively only at high substrate concentrations. The growth retardant action of triarimol and ancymidol in higher plants most likely results from inhibition of a reaction in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway analogous to sterol C-14 demethylation.Free fatty acid accumulation in U. maydis cells treated with inhibitors of sterol synthesis are derived mainly from polar lipid degradation and from de novo synthesis as a consequence of the disproportionality between fatty acid synthesis and utilization. The free fatty acids may play a significant role in the lethality of these inhibitors in this organism.     

(4-亚甲基-5-羰基-3-四氢呋喃基)-苯甲酸甲酯衍生物的合成及其杀菌活性

为了探索天然产物Cedarmycins衍生物的结构与活性关系,以α-亚甲基-β-羟甲基-γ-丁内酯为起始原料,经过与不同取代的羧酸缩合,合成了19个新的(4-亚甲基-5-羰基-3-四氢呋喃基)-苯甲酸甲酯衍生物。杀菌活性测定结果表明,该类衍生物具有广谱的杀菌活性,尤其对水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani和辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici显示出很强的杀菌活性,其中化合物2e(R=2,4-2Cl)对这2种病菌的EC50值约为1.6 mg/L。     

5-(2-乙基亚环己基)-2-取代氨基咪唑啉酮类化合物的合成及其杀菌活性

以2-乙基环己酮和2-硫代乙内酰脲为起始原料,经Knoevenagel缩合反应制得5-(2-乙基亚环己基)-2-硫代咪唑啉-4-酮(1),化合物1在乙醇钠-乙醇体系中与碘甲烷反应得到5-(2-乙基亚环己基)-2-甲硫基咪唑啉-4-酮(2),化合物2再与相应的取代苄胺在冰醋酸体系中回流制得新化合物3a～3f,其化学结构均经1H NMR、IR和MS确证。初步生物活性测定结果表明:在50 μg/mL下,部分目标化合物对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia scleotiorum显示出良好的抑制活性,其中3a、3c、3e和3f的EC50值分别为12.10、8.73、10.11和7.67 μg/mL。     

Fungitoxicity of acid and alkaline hydrolysis products of drazoxolon and related arylhydrazonoisoxazolones

Drazoxolon and related 3-methyl-4-arylhydrazono-5-isoxazolones are hydrolysed by acid to 2-arylhydrazono-3-oxobutyric acids and by alkali to 1-arylhydrazono-2-hydroxyiminopropanes and 2-arylhydrazono-3-hydroxyiminobutyric acids. Although many of the hydrolysis products show good antifungal activity in spore germination tests they are inferior to drazoxolon as protectants for the control of Uromyces fabae on broad bean and as protectants and eradicants against Erysiphe graminis on wheat. Neither drazoxolon nor its hydrolysis products show much activity as therapeutants.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of 5-acyloxyimino-5-deoxyavermectin B1 derivatives

Four novel 5-acyloxyimino-5-deoxyavermectin B1 compounds have been synthesized from avermectin B1 by selective oxidization of the hydroxy group at C-5, followed by oximation and convenient esterification. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. Insecticidal activities of the intermediate oxime and the four new acyl derivatives were evaluated against Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera exigua and Musca domestica.     

8种杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病菌的毒力及田间番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性

为了解决番茄灰霉病菌的抗性问题,筛选出理想的替代药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了山东寿光和河北徐水两地番茄灰霉病菌对不同类型杀菌剂的敏感性。两地的番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈、氟啶胺均高度敏感,对其他不同作用方式的杀菌剂表现出不同的敏感性。用同样方法检测了不同地区的106株番茄灰霉菌对咯菌腈的敏感性,结果显示其EC50值分布在0.003 9～0.044 9μg/mL之间,平均EC50值为(0.014 2±0.008 1)μg/mL。咯菌腈可作为防治番茄灰霉病的候选药剂。     

Fungitoxicity of hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted phenyl- and naphthyl-benzofurans,phenylbenzo[b]thiophenes and phenylindoles

The antifungal activities in vitro of 43 methoxy- and hydroxy-substituted aryl-benzofurans, phenylbenzo[b]thiophenes and phenylindoles were compared with those of the unsubstituted compounds. Monohydroxy derivatives were usually the most fungitoxic against Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis cinerea, Septoria nodorum, Cladosporium cucumerinnum, Fusarium culmorum and Uromyces fahae but the precise effect of substitution upon activity varied with the nature of the parent aryl-hetocyclic compound, with the position in the molecule, and with the presence of other substituents. Fangitoxicity did not correlate significantly with the partitioning properties of the molecuie as measured by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography.     

Fungitoxicity of 6H-pyrazolo[3,4-c][l,2,5]thiadiazine-2,2-dioxides

A base-promoted cyclisation of 4-nitroso-5-benzylsulphonamidopyrazoles (VII) afforded 6 H -pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazine-2,2-dioxides (VIII). They were tested in vitro for antifungal activity against a series of phytopathogenic fungi of different taxonomic classes. Five of the compounds had noteworthy activity; in particular 6H-3-phenyl-5-methyl-7–(3,4-dichlorophenyl) pyrazolo[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazine-2,2-dioxide (VIIIc) at the concentration of 200 mg litre^?1 completely inhibited the growth of Pythium ultimum, Corticium solani and Sclerotinia minor.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one and pyrazolin-5-one derivatives

A series of novel 2-(2,4,6-trisubstituted phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one derivatives and 3-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)pyrazolin-5-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for insecticidal activity. It was found that a moderately bulky alkyl group, such as a tert-butyl group, on the heterocyclic ring, and a trifluoromethyl group on the benzene ring were optimal substituents on the molecule. The oxygen atom in the oxadiazoline ring was essential for insecticidal activity. Of the compounds assayed, 4-tert-butyl-2-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one gave the highest activity against Nephtotettix cincticeps, with an LC₅₀ value of 0.51 mg litre⁻¹. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

5-亚环己基-咪唑-2,4-二酮及其衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

以环己酮及其衍生物和2-硫代-咪唑-2,4-二酮及咪唑-2,4-二酮膦酸酯为起始原料,经Knoevenagel 缩合反应和Wittig-Horner反应合成了10个5-亚环己基-咪唑-2,4-二酮系列衍生物,其中7个为新化合物,其化学结构经1H NMR、IR和MS确证。初步生物活性测定结果表明:在50 μg/mL 下,部分目标化合物对油菜菌核病菌 Sclerotinia scleotiorum 显现出良好的抑制活性,其中 7I和7J 的EC50分别为8.06 和8.48 μg/mL。     

新型哌啶-4-醇衍生物的合成及生物活性

发现具有新作用方式的农药对于现代作物保护至关重要。本研究以哌啶醇和邻苯二酚为起始原料,经5步反应制备得到了一系列新型的哌啶-4-醇衍生物,并通过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和高分辨质谱确认其结构。生物活性测试结果表明,部分目标化合物在25 mg/L质量浓度下表现出良好的根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita抑制活性。此外,在500 mg/L质量浓度下,大部分化合物对黏虫Pseudaletia separata Walker表现出因拒食效应所致的体重减轻。     

四氢异喹啉酮-4-羧酸类化合物的合成及抑菌活性

具有异喹啉-1(2H)-酮骨架的天然产物分布广泛且有丰富多样的生物活性,为进一步明确该类化合物的农用抑菌活性,本文利用Castagnoli-Cushman反应及酯化反应合成了22个具有该骨架的四氢异喹啉酮-4-羧酸(酯) 类化合物。离体抑菌活性测定结果表明,在100 μg/mL下, 5a ~ 5k和6a ~ 6f 对油菜菌核病菌菌丝生长抑制率高于80%,其中 5k 活性最高,EC₅₀值为5.8 μg/mL,但低于对照药剂啶酰菌胺(EC₅₀ = 0.094 μg/mL)。初步构效关系分析表明,在N上引入苯基要优于烷基,苯基上引入不同取代基后抑菌活性均有所提高且表现出位置和数目的选择性;C3位苯基和C4位羧基引入取代基对活性不利。室内离体叶片法结果表明,在500 μg/mL下, 5k 的保护作用防治效果为94.6%,与啶酰菌胺在10 μg/mL下的防治效果(95.8%) 相当。本研究可为该类化合物的进一步结构优化提供借鉴。     

1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-二氟甲基-1H-4-吡唑酰胺类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

以2,3-二氯吡啶(1)为起始原料,经肼基化、环合、水解和酰氯化反应,生成1-(3-氯-2-吡啶)-5-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰氯(6),(6)与取代基苯胺(7) 反应,制得13个未见文献报道的1-吡啶基吡唑酰胺类目标化合物。利用核磁共振氢谱、质谱(LC-MS)和元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征。初步杀菌活性测定结果表明,在 50 mg/L下,大部分目标化合物对瓜类炭疽病菌Gibberella zeae、瓜类灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea和水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani的抑制活性均不高,仅ZJ-10对瓜类灰霉病菌的抑制率达76.03%。     

松油烯-4-醇酯类衍生物的合成及杀虫活性

松油烯-4-醇具有较高的生物活性,在前期研究基础上,以松油烯-4-醇为原料,对其羟基进行改造,合成了12个松油烯-4-醇酯类衍生物 Z1~Z12,其中Z3、Z4、Z8、Z9、Z10、Z11、Z12为新化合物。所有化合物的结构均经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及质谱确证。初步杀虫活性测定结果表明:各化合物对粘虫均有一定的触杀作用,其中Z5 活性最高,其LD50值为0.072 8 mg/头,为松油烯-4-醇的1.32倍;除 Z9 外,其余11个化合物对家蝇均具有一定的熏蒸作用,但其毒力均低于松油烯-4-醇。     

1-异丙基-3-酰基-5-甲氧基苯并咪唑酮衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

以4-甲氧基-2-硝基苯胺（1）为起始原料,经烷基化、硝基还原和环化反应制得中间体1-异丙基-5-甲氧基苯并咪唑酮（4）,再经N-酰化反应得到24个1-异丙基-3-酰基-5-甲氧基苯并咪唑酮衍生物（5a~5x）,通过核磁共振氢谱及元素分析对其结构进行了表征。初步抑菌活性测定结果表明,所有目标化合物对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的孢子萌发均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中5i（2-乙基丁酰基衍生物）和5q（2-甲基苯甲酰基衍生物）活性最高,在50 μg/mL时的抑制率分别为95.9%和93.4%。     

3-芳基-4-氧香豆素基苯基硫脲衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

为寻找具有更高杀菌活性的含香豆素的硫脲类衍生物,本文合成了13个未见文献报道的3-芳基-4-氧香豆素基苯基硫脲衍生物,其结构经过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、质谱和元素分析确认,并初步测试了其对两种病原细菌的活性.结果表明:该类化合物具有较好的杀菌活性,其中化合物4b、4h、4i、4j和4m抑制水稻白叶枯菌Xa...     

3-芳基-4,5-二氢异噁唑-5-甲酸环戊烷多氢菲酯类衍生物的合成与杀虫活性

为了寻找具有较高杀虫活性的胆固醇衍生物,将异噁唑啉片段引入母体胆固醇( 1 )的C-3位,制备了20个新的3-芳基-4,5-二氢异噁唑-5-甲酸环戊烷多氢菲酯类衍生物 Ia~It ,并经氢谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱确证结构。化合物 Ie (R = 3-BrPh) 对小菜蛾Plutella xyllostella幼虫具有较好的杀虫活性,其48 h LC₅₀值为 0.940 mg/mL,是母体胆固醇 (LC₅₀ 值2.566 mg/mL) 的2.7倍;化合物 Ig (R = 3-FPh) 和 Ij (R = 4-CF₃Ph) 对苹果黄蚜Aphis citricola具有较好的杀虫活性,其48 h LD₅₀值为0.042与0.041 μg/头,是胆固醇 (LD₅₀ 值0.228 μg/头) 的5.4和5.6倍。初步构效关系表明,在苯环间位引入溴原子可提高对小菜蛾的杀虫活性;在苯环对位或间位引入氟原子、或者在对位引入三氟甲基可提高对苹果黄蚜的杀虫活性。