Distribution of chroococcoid cyanobacteria and size-fractionated chlorophyll a biomass in the central and southern north sea waters during June/July 1989

The spatial and vertical distribution of phycoerythrin(PE)-containing chroococcoid cyanobacteria and the contribution of the <3 μm size fraction to overall phytoplankton chlorophyll a biomass were investigated in the central and southern North Sea during June and July 1989. PE-containing chroococcoid cyanobacteria cell numbers ranged between 6×10⁵ and 4.4×10⁷ cells·dm⁻³ and was typically between 0.5×10⁷ and 3×10⁷ cells·dm⁻³, lowest numbers being recorded near the British coast in central North Sea waters. The vertical distribution of these cyanobacteria showed no evidence to suggest a preferential accumulation deep in the euphotic zone. The <3 μm size fraction accounted for 6.6 to 57.5% of the total phytoplankton chlorophyll a biomass (mean 19.7%). In general, the relative significance of the <3 μm size fraction decreased with increasing total chlorophyll a biomass.     

Monsoonal alternation of a mixed and a layered structure in the phytoplankton of the euphotic zone of the banda sea (Indonesia): a mathematical analysis of algal pigment fingerprints

The chlorophyll a concentration of the upper 25 m of the euphotic zone of the Banda Sea was 5 times higher in August 1984, in the upwelling season during the southeast monsoon, than in February 1985, during the northwest monsoon when a deep chlorophyll maximum layer was presented at 40–80 m. Similarity between stations was calculated by means of a cluster analysis of the concentrations of 4 different chlorophylls and 6 carotenoids. High similarity over large areas, one to the west and one to the east of the Banda Arc, is evidence of the importance of large-scale phenomena influencing the phytoplankton during the monsoons. All samples taken in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer during the northwest monsoon were clustered as a separate group.Multiple regression analysis of chlorophyll a and the four most important accessory pigments suggests that in August 1984 (upwelling season) the fucoxanthin-containing group (mainly diatoms) contributed 50% to the chlorophyll a in the euphotic zone; green algae and Prymnesiophyceae contributed each 20%, Cyanobacteria only 9%. In February 1985, during the downwelling season, pico- and nanoplankton containing 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (Prymnesiophyceae) and zeaxanthin (Cyanobacteria) each contributed 40% of total chlorophyll a, both near the surface and in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer; 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (a marker of certain Prymnesiophyceae and Chrysophyceae) was only present at depth. On the assumption that Chl. b is a pigment confined to green algae, this group contributed 14% of the Chl. a in the deep maximum. Other green-algal pigments were, however, scarce at depth (lutein, violaxanthin), which suggests presence of Prochlorophyta.Shifts in pigment ratios (zeaxanthin : Chl. a; Chl. b : Chl. a), probably related to light adaptation, hinder the use of algal pigment fingerprints for estimating quantitative composition of natural phytoplankton; indeed, differences between samples in pigment signature can have both a floristic and an ecophysiological background. Statistical analysis of pigment fingerprints may further be complicated due to presence of intermediates of pigment synthesis and breakdown, and poor taxon specificity of fucoxanthins and possibly even of Chl. b and zeaxanthin.     

Organic carbon in the water column and its sedimentation,fladen ground (North Sea), May 1983

POC, DOC and sedimentation were studied during the spring phytoplankton bloom from April 27 to May 25. POC in the euphotic layer consisted largely of phytoplankton, maximum values of 0.5 mg·dm⁻³ were found at the height of a bloom of the colonial microflagellate Corymbellus aureus. DOC increased during the waxing of this C. aureus bloom to a maximum of 2.4 mg·dm⁻³ after the bloom. Data indicate that most of the primary produced material ended up in the DOC pool. Sedimentation accounted only for small losses from the euphotic zone: ca 1% of the daily primary produced material sank out, except at the end of the C. aureus bloom when values increased to almost 10%. Daily sedimentation amounted to no more than 0.1 to 1% of the amounts present in the euphotic layer of POC, chlorophyll and phytoplankton cells.     

Influence of ambient light and temperature on laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a powerful tool for the study of spatial and temporal heterogeneities of photosynthetic performance and has been successfully used at the laboratory scale. Field applications, however, are confronted with the challenges presented by fluctuating environmental factors, particularly varying light and temperature conditions.The influence of ambient light and temperature on the measurement signal of the laser-induced two-wavelength chlorophyll fluorescence remains both controversially and largely not well understood. Yet, a thorough understanding of this issue is essential for exploiting the large potential of this measurement method for precision agriculture as well as for precision phenotyping in plant breeding where the influence of ambient light and temperature is inevitably present. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we therefore investigated this area under both field and controlled laboratory conditions.Field measurements of laser-induced two-wavelength chlorophyll fluorescence under variable light conditions show a linear influence of direct sunlight on the ratio of F₆₉₀/F₇₃₀, whereas the ratio is unchanged under diffuse sunlight.We describe these measurement results in terms of a physical model of light–matter interaction in plant leaves. In particular, the results appear to derive from energetic saturation effects of the upper plant layers induced by sunlight, which result in larger mean depths of fluorescence emission induced by additional exciting light (i.e. laser light), in connection with the different scattering properties of the two different fluorescence light wavelengths (690 nm and 730 nm) on their way to the surface. The same model also provides an explanation for the temperature dependence of the fluorescence intensity ratio and is well suited to deal with the effects of both variable light and temperature conditions under field conditions.     

Hot water treatments reduce leaf yellowing and extend vase life of Asiatic hybrid lilies

The vase life of Asiatic lilies can be limited by leaf yellowing, which can be caused by exposure to low light or temperature during winter growth or in storage. We examined the use of postharvest hot water treatments (HWTs) as a means of reducing leaf senescence in stored (4 °C for 2 weeks) and non-stored Asiatic hybrid lily ‘Elite’ (Lilium sp.). A range of HWTs (45-55 °C for 2.5 or 5 min) was applied to leaves on cut lily stems (but not flowers). Higher temperatures and the longer duration resulted in heat damage, but treatments of 50 °C for 5 min and 52.5 °C for 2.5 min were found to be optimal for minimising leaf yellowing with trace levels of heat damage for both non-stored and stored stems. The onset of yellowing was delayed by 3-4 d, and the occurrence of an unacceptable level of yellowing eliminated for up to 12 d (compared with <6 d for control stems). The physiological effects of these optimal HWTs were examined in terms of water uptake, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll degradation. Water uptake for optimal HWTs during shelf life was reduced by more than 50% of the control stems. Chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves on control stems showed a reduction in yield (F_v/F_o) over time, which was more marked in lower than upper leaves (thus correlating with yellowing, which was more severe in the lower leaves). Although both optimal HWTs resulted in an initial reduction in yield, there was a recovery over time resulting in a yield that, by 12 d, was as high or significantly higher than control leaves (particularly for the lower leaves). All treatments showed a reduction in chlorophyll content (total, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b), but control leaves had significantly lower levels after 7 d. HWTs show potential as a non-chemical, simple means of delaying leaf yellowing of Asiatic lilies and thus increasing vase life.     

弱光下生长的高产小麦品系PH01-35旗叶光合机构对不同光强的响应

为了解弱光下生长的小麦叶片在不同光强下PSII和光合电子传递链的工作状态,解释其突然转入强光下时发生光抑制和光破坏的原因,以PH01-35为材料,采用大田人工遮光的方法,测定了小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、光合特性参数及快速光曲线。弱光处理15 d后,旗叶叶绿素含量明显上升,净光合速率、光补偿点、光饱和点、表观量子效率、羧化效率均出现不同程度的下降。与250 μmol m^-2 s^-1的弱光适应3 h相比,1 200 μmol m^-2 s^-1的强光适应3 h后,弱光下生长叶片的快速光曲线初始斜率下降幅度较大,曲线下降部分的斜率、最大相对电子传递速率、半饱和光强的上升幅度均小于自然光下生长的叶片,光能利用能力较低,其非光化学猝灭系数NPQ也明显低于自然光下生长的叶片,为自然光下生长叶片的87.5%。弱光下生长的小麦叶片光能吸收能力增强,但较低的光能利用能力和过剩光能耗散能力是其转入自然强光后易发生光抑制甚至光破坏的主要原因。     

Remote sensing of water parameters in Madura Bay

During the Madura Bay Remote Sensing Experiment, which was conducted as part of the Snellius-II Expedition in August, 1984, space-borne, air-borne and ship-borne radiometric data were collected. They have been analysed in terms of chlorophyll, suspended matter, yellow substance and sea-surface temperature to map the distribution patterns and temporal variability of different water masses.A general correlation analysis between ship-borne radiance measurements and biochemical data (sea truth) indicates that the dominant factors which determine the reflectance spectra are the total amount of scattering and absorbing substances in the water, sun and sky glitter, and the chlorophyll and phaeophytin concentration. For a coastal area strongly influenced by river run-off, the chlorophyll concentration is comparatively low. As a result, the chlorophyll fluorescence is weak, but can still be detected.The blue/green colour ration and the fluorescence line height along the flight tracks derived from the Ocean Color Radiometer (OCR) over three consecutive days indicate at least three different types of water, viz. clear ocean water in the eastern part of the Bay, mixed water with moderate contents of chlorophyll and suspended matter in the middle and western parts of the Bay and finally estuarine and river water containing large amounts of inorganic and dissolved organic matter near the mouths of Solo and Brantas rivers and in the Strait itself. Distribution patterns change from one day to the next, possibly as a result of tidal effects.Vertical radiation profiles derived from aircraft flights at different altitudes and from modelling the radiative transfer through the atmosphere give an indication of how well ocean colour/chlorophyll fluorescence can be monitored through a typical tropical atmosphere from satellite altitude. Model calculations and comparative measurements show that even the small fluorescence signals (corresponding to a low pigment concentration) can still be detected above the atmosphere, while colour ratios, especially in the blue part of the spectrum, are heavily masked by aerosol and Raleigh scattering and have to be corrected carefully prior to any interpretation. At all wavelengths, upwelling spectra contain a considerable amount of light specularly reflected at the sea surface.     

Analysis of the main secondary metabolites produced in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum,Mill.) epicarp tissue during fruit ripening using fluorescence techniques

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruit are an important source of antioxidant (mainly pigment) compounds, as well as lycopene, β-carotene, ascorbic acid and polyphenols. Differentiation of the final product in the market requires an accurate evaluation of these value-adding compounds. Because of this, we have undertaken a comparison of the spectral characterisation of the tomato fruit surface pigments from the immature to over-ripe stage, using spectroscopy techniques based on visible fluorescence emission upon excitation in the same or ultraviolet spectral regions. The aim was to verify the spectral band for optimal conditions for fruit harvesting using non-destructive techniques. The pattern of pigment composition changed markedly during ripening and showed progressive disappearance of chlorophyll with a concomitant increase in carotenoids until the fully ripe stage. The main fluorescence spectral features belonging to anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids and chlorophyll a after excitation of skin tomato pigments at different laser wavelengths was identified. In comparing, the fluorescence spectral ratios at the excitation wavelength λ_exc = 266 nm, significant differences were obtained for the spectral ratios of chlorophyll/flavonoids and carotenoids/chlorophyll. Positive correlation coefficients were found for the carotenoids/flavonoids (0.780) ratios and negative ones for the carotenoids/chlorophyll ratios (−0.513).Analysis of fluorescence resulted in determination of the most useful laser radiation for remote non-invasive measurements with laser-induced fluoresence (LIF): for the ripening stage, λ_exc = 266 nm was the optimal laser wavelength, since the induced fluorescence spectra obtained appeared to differ with the physiological stage of the fruit.     

Less Chlorophyll Does not Necessarily Restrain Light Capture Ability and Photosynthesis in a Chlorophyll‐Deficient Rice Mutant

A chlorophyll‐deficient rice mutant, yellow‐green leaf 1 (ygl1), with a photosynthetic rate similar to that of wild type (Oryza sativa L., cv. Zhenhui 249 China) is presented in this study. Forty percent of the chlorophyll in the mutant captured 70 % of the light in photosystem II (PSII) compared with wild type. The 30 % decreased light in the mutant was compensated for by a relatively higher quantum yield of PSII, which conferred a total electron transport rate (J_T) equal to that in wild type. More photons were absorbed by wild type and exhausted through thermal dissipation. Gene expression analysis of the thylakoid membrane showed that the chlorophyll deficiency in the mutant did not impair the electron transport chain. To determine why the photosynthetic rate was similar between the chlorophyll‐deficient mutant and wild type, the leaf nitrogen (N) and Rubisco contents, stomatal and mesophyll CO₂ conductance, and chloroplast development were investigated. Our results indicate that the chlorophyll deficiency in the mutant had no negative impact on the chloroplast development in terms of size and grana stacking; moreover, the chloroplastic CO₂ concentration and Rubisco content were comparable to those in wild type. We conclude that the light‐capturing ability of normal rice plants is not fully utilized and that absorbed light in the chlorophyll‐deficient mutant is more efficient in participating photosynthesis.     

Fine mapping and photosynthetic characteristics of the lower chlorophyll b 1 mutant in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Chlorophylls absorb and transfer light energy to the photosynthetic system. Consequently, chlorophyll content is strongly related to crop biomass and yield. We isolated a rice spontaneous mutant, lower chlorophyll b 1 (lcb1), from a recombinant inbred line population. Under normal growth conditions, lcb1 plants produced yellow leaves with decreased total chlorophyll and chlorophyll b contents, but normal chlorophyll a content. Photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters differed between wild‐type and lcb1 plants. Compared with wild type, lcb1 had a higher electron transfer rate, a lower photochemical quenching coefficient and significantly reduced grain number, biomass and yield. A recessive nuclear gene controlled the mutant trait. Through map‐based cloning, we located the LCB1 gene in a 117.4‐kb region on the short arm of chromosome 3, close to the centromere, in a region containing 15 predicted candidate genes. None of these genes was directly related to chlorophylls or the chloroplast; therefore, lcb1 may be a mutation of a novel gene. These results will be useful for further research on the molecular mechanisms controlling biogenesis and chloroplast biochemical processes.     

Light during storage prevents loss of ascorbic acid,and increases glucose and fructose levels in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra)

Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) leaves were stored at 1 °C (95% RH) under relatively low light levels (21.8 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹) or in darkness. Stomata were closed in darkness but remained open in the light. Stomatal opening was positively correlated with loss of fresh weight. Ascorbic acid levels rapidly decreased in leaves stored in darkness. The decrease was reduced to about half by storage in the light. Light resulted in higher carotenoid, glucose, fructose and starch levels. Leaves held in darkness did not turn yellow, although total chlorophyll levels slightly decreased. The levels of chlorophyll a accumulated whereas those of chlorophyll b dropped rapidly, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the first step of chlorophyll b degradation is conversion to chlorophyll a, and with the suggestion that under the present conditions chlorophyll a was not degraded rapidly. It is concluded that fluorescent light, at the level used, induced higher weight loss, whilst partially preventing the loss of vitamin C, and increasing the levels of starch, fructose and glucose.     

水稻低叶绿素含量突变对光合作用及产量的影响

突变体水稻叶绿素含量仅是其野生型水稻的51%,但是其饱和光合值在低氮、中氮、高氮处理下,却比对照野生型水稻分别高3.7%、20.4%与39.1%。为了探究其生理学机制,分别在大田与盆栽试验中,不同氮肥水平研究了突变体材料与野生型材料的叶片Rubisco酶含量、气孔导度、水通道蛋白表达水平、叶绿素荧光、叶片解剖结构和叶绿体超微结构。叶绿体超微结构表明突变体材料虽然叶绿素含量降低,叶绿体的发育并未受到影响;叶绿素荧光试验结果表明,高光强下,低叶绿素含量突变体并未受到光抑制,光反应电子传递未受影响。气孔导度数据、叶片显微结构观察与水通道蛋白基因表达数据表明叶黄突变体具有较高的气孔与叶肉导度;同时低叶绿素含量突变体内较高的Rubisco酶含量也是其在高光照条件下具有较高光合速率的重要原因。产量数据表明,叶黄突变体虽然生育期短,但其产量水平与对照无显著差别,这可能与其高光强条件下有较高的光合速率有关。上述试验结果表明高叶绿素含量并不是叶片高光合速率的必需条件。在今后的高光效育种中,挑选叶绿素含量适宜的品种更有利于叶片内氮素在其他光合器官中的分配,提高光合效率,最终获得高光效品种。在本研究中使用的叶绿素含量降低突变体在高光效育种中有潜在的研究价值。     

The relationship between water status and chlorophyll a fluorescence in grapes (Vitis spp.)

The purpose of this study was to explore the utility of chlorophyll fluorescence to non-destructively monitor water status in plant tissue, specifically water loss in grapes (Vitis spp.) destined for wine production. An automated remote-sensing (ARS), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer prototype, capable of scanning a large surface area, was used to monitor chlorophyll fluorescence from ‘L’Acadie’ (LAc) and ‘Thompson Seedless’-type (TS) grape clusters during postharvest dehydration. Increasing mass loss (%) in grapes correlated with increasing soluble solids (SS) content and decreasing osmotic potential (Ψ_s) (p < 0.001). All of the primary fluorescence parameters monitored (F₀, F_m, F_v and F_v/F_m) had a strong curvilinear relationship (p < 0.001) with grape mass loss. In both cultivars, F₀ increased during the later stages of dehydration, likely as a result of increased disorder within the thylakoid membranes and/or a reduction in energy transfer between LHCII and PSII. F_m, F_v and F_v/F_m declined, likely due to several factors that are known to inhibit photosynthesis and the primary charge recombination during osmotic stress. Chlorophyll degradation during dehydration was a major factor influencing cultivar differences in the fluorescence relationships. An inflection point in the F₀ value at ≈20–25% mass loss appeared to correspond with an inflection point in the decreasing glucose:fructose ratio. The relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence and water loss, SS, Ψ_s and potentially other indicators of metabolic change, could lead to practical applications of this technology in the slow dehydration of grapes and other fruits used to make high value wines.     

Identification of favorable alleles in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">non</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">yellow coloring 1</Emphasis> gene by association mapping in maize

Association mapping was conducted to explore favorable alleles of the chlorophyll-related non-yellow coloring 1 (NYC1) gene under light and dark using an association panel of 146 maize inbred lines. A total of 14 polymorphic sites were identified to be significantly associated with at least one of the chlorophyll-related traits at the seedling stage. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (S320, S2951, S3901, and S3355) from the NYC1 gene were respectively strongly associated with chlorophyll b (chlb), the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (chl_ratio), chlorophyll a degradation (chla_deg), and total chlorophyll degradation (total_chl_deg). SNPs S320 (C/A) in exon 1, and S2951 (A/G) in intron 8 was related to chlb, with 6.01 and 8.89% of phenotypic variation under light treatment, respectively. Under dark treatment, SNP S3901 (C/T), located in 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), was associated with chl_ratio, explaining 7.01% of the observed phenotypic variation, whereas SNP S3355 (C/G) in intron 9 explained 6.48 and 5.18% of phenotypic variations in chla_deg and total_chl_deg, respectively. Taken together, these results indicated that the NYC1 gene plays an important role in chlorophyll content and other related traits, and different sites act on chlorophyll metabolism under different light intensities in maize seedlings. Furthermore, these findings improve our understanding of the genetic basis of chlorophyll metabolism under different light conditions.     

利用原位杂交及CAPS标记分析芸薹属A、B和C基因组间的关系

以来源于Brassica rapa基因组(AA)的重复序列(151 bp)为探针, 分别同二倍体白菜型油菜(AA, 2n=20)、甘蓝(CC, 2n=18)和异源四倍体芥菜型油菜(AABB, 2n=36)的中期染色体杂交, 白菜型油菜和甘蓝的所有染色体上都有杂交信号, 芥菜型油菜的染色体上显示出20个明显的信号, 其余染色体上信号很弱或无, 可以区分出A和B基因组。对来源于油菜3个基本种与3个复合种FAE1基因进行CAPS分析表明, 3个基本种表现出不同的酶切式样, 用Mbo I和Msp I酶切表现出多态性, 基因组A和C非常相似, 而基因组B与A、C关系较远, 同时3个复合种也并不是2个基本种的简单相加, 表明异源四倍体在长期进化过程中可能发生了重排和重组。     

Characterization and mapping of novel chlorophyll deficient mutant genes in durum wheat

The yellow-green leaf mutant has a non-lethal chlorophyll-deficient mutation that can be exploited in photosynthesis and plant development research. A novel yellow-green mutant derived from Triticum durum var. Cappelli displays a yellow-green leaf color from the seedling stage to the mature stage. Examination of the mutant chloroplasts with transmission electron microscopy revealed that the shape of chloroplast changed, grana stacks in the stroma were highly variable in size and disorganized. The pigment content, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotene, was decreased in the mutant. In contrast, the chla/chlb ratio of the mutants was increased in comparison with the normal green leaves. We also found a reduction in the photosynthetic rate, fluorescence kinetic parameters and yield-related agronomic traits of the mutant. A genetic analysis revealed that two nuclear recessive genes controlled the expression of this trait. The genes were designated ygld1 and ygld2. Two molecular markers co-segregated with these genes. ygld 1 co-segregated with the SSR marker wmc110 on chromosome 5AL and ygld 2 co-segregated with the SSR marker wmc28 on chromosome 5BL. These results will contribute to the gene cloning and the understanding of the mechanisms underlying chlorophyll metabolism and chloroplast development in wheat.     

Genome-wide association analysis detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in soybean (Glycine max) landraces

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters are generally used to characterize the intrinsic action of photosystem II (PSII), which is interrelated with the photosynthetic capacity. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and associated traits is important for genetic improvement in soybean. In this study, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted to detect key single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chlorophyll content (chl) and chlorophyll fluorescence using 1,536 SNPs in a soybean landraces panel. The analysis revealed significant correlations among chl and five chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including maximum quantum yield of PSII primary photochemistry in the dark-adapted state (Fv/Fm), light energy absorbed per reaction center (ABS/RC), quantum yield for electron transport (ETo/ABS), probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA⁻ (ETo/TRo), and performance index on absorption basis (PI_ABS). Genome-wide association analysis using a mixed linear model detected 51 SNPs associated with chl and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Among these identified SNPs, 14 SNPs were co-associated with two or more different traits in this study, and 8 SNPs were co-associated with soybean yield and yield components in our previous study. These significant SNPs will help to better understand the genetic basis of photosynthesis-related physiological traits, and facilitate the pyramiding of favorable alleles for photosynthetic traits in soybean marker assisted selection schemes for high photosynthetic efficiency.     

水稻及其敏感突变体苯达松抗性的生理生化差异研究

苯达松敏感致死(bentazon sensitive lethal, bsl)基因在杂交水稻(Oryza sativa L.)混播制种和杂交稻种纯度鉴定等方面具有广阔的应用前景。以水稻品种农林8号(N8)、W6154s和其对应的bsl突变体农林8号m (N8m)和8077s为材料, 分析了苯达松处理对叶片中叶绿素(Chl)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、氧自由基含量、净光合速率(P_n)、叶绿素荧光参数等生理生化指标的影响及苯达松含量的变化, 旨在揭示水稻苯达松抗性差异的生理机制。结果表明, 苯达松处理使bsl突变体叶片光系统II中还原性Q_A组分积累, 光合电子传递受阻, 光合能力丧失, 氧自由基伤害积累, Chl降解、质膜氧化加剧, 植株死亡。叶片中苯达松残留含量分析表明, 较强的苯达松代谢能力是抗性品种免受苯达松伤害的主要原因。     

甘蓝型油菜黄化突变体的光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数分析

调查油菜自发黄化突变体(NY)、野生型(NG)及其正反交后代材料(F₁和rF₁)的光合色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及农艺性状,分析五叶期各参数的变化规律。表明,突变体叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素均大幅减少,其中叶绿素b减幅最大;净光合速率显著降低,胞间CO₂浓度升高,但气孔导度与野生型等相当,表明光合速率不受气孔限制;光补偿点和光饱和点升高,暗呼吸速率与野生型等相当,表观量子效率和光补偿点处量子效率显著降低;CO₂补偿点、光呼吸速率和羧化效率均显著降低,CO₂饱和点则显著升高;突变体的荧光参数,包括F_o、F_m、F_v/F_m、F_v'/F_m'、Φ_PSII、q_p、NPQ和ETR均显著降低,说明光合色素含量降低导致PSII反应中心捕光能力弱和光化学转化效率低,使叶片光合速率降低。突变体的黄化持续时间较长,对生长发育产生影响较大,单株籽粒产量只有野生型的57.09%,但与正常材料组配F₁的光合特性和农艺性状均能恢复到正常水平。