杨村新无性系木材物理力学性质的研究

研究了7个杨树新无性系和I－69杨的木材物理力学性质。结果表明，杨木新无性系的物理力学性质等主要指标均属于小至甚小级，无性系间物理力学性质差异显著，据此可用木材物理力学性质因子选育优良无性系。尽管新无性系的生长速度超过I－69杨，但由于其某些强度指标低于I－69杨，8年生的速生材尚不能完全替代11年生的I－69杨使用，因此不能作为建筑结构材使用。     

青海云杉木材物理力学性质试验研究

本文在木材物理力学试验的基础上,研究了青海云杉木材的12种常规物理力学性质,并对个别径、弦平均数进行差异显著性检验,结果表明,青海云杉木材密度轻、干缩小、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、端面硬度很低,抗弯弹性模量和冲击韧性中等,顺纹抗剪强度低,从而为祁连山水源涵养林的综合利用提供了理论依据。     

人工林杉木和杨树木材物理力学性质的株内变异研究

按照中国国家标准研究杉木和I-214杨树木材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和密度,同时按照日本国家标准研究2个树种的顺纹抗剪强度.结果表明:杉木的抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和密度由胸高直径处向上呈波浪形增加,抗弯弹性模量则稳定降低,但不同高度间杉木的物理力学性质没有显著差异;近树皮处木材的物理力学性质高于近髓心处木材,并有极显著差异.对于I-214杨树,只有抗弯弹性模量从髓心到树皮逐渐增加,其他的物理力学性质,最小值在从髓心到树皮的过渡区,最大值在近树皮处,从髓心到树皮,杨树的物理力学性质有极显著的差异.杉木和杨树的径面顺纹抗剪强度从髓心到树皮有极显著差异,并且近树皮的高于近髓心的木材,而弦面顺纹抗剪强度从髓心到树皮没有显著差异.木材密度与力学性质有很好的线性相关关系,木材密度是一个很好的力学强度的预测手段.     

转基因741杨与非转基因741杨木材物理力学性质差异

本研究对田间试验林中8年生转基因741杨与非转基因741杨木材物理力学性质进行了对比分析。结果表明,转基因741杨的横纹抗压比例极限应力除了全部弦向略低于非转基因741杨外,干缩性、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度转基因741杨均高于非转基因741杨。除了干缩性差异不显著外,大部分性质差异显著,均达0.01极显著水平。抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度和木材横纹全部径向抗压极限应力差异达0.01极显著水平。绝干密度、弦面握钉力和冲击韧性差异达0.05显著水平。其余性质的差异并不显著。     

树种混交对木材物理力学性质的影响

对济南市章丘县黄河林场26年生的加杨混交林和加杨纯林的杨树木材物理力学性质进行比较测定,其结果是:混交林单株材积比纯林增加89.6%,树干通直,尖削度小;但木材气干密度减小,力学强度降低。     

对GB 1927-91《木材物理力学实验方法》中若干问题的商榷

对GB 1927-91《木材物理力学实验方法》中的两个力学性质测试方法做了分析探讨。指出,由于木材的黏弹性,在循环试验中读取下、上限值计算抗弯弹性模量存在偏差及在木材硬度试验方法中关于半压硬度的修正系数对侧面不正确,并提出了改进建议。     

杨木-玻璃纤维复合板的物理力学复合效应

以三倍体毛白杨和玻璃纤维为主要原料，研制出三种不同组合形式的木材玻璃纤维复合板并分析了板的物理力学复合效应。结果表明：与普通PF树脂杨木刨花板相比，该复合板的密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量得到很大提高，内结合强度略有降低，吸水厚度膨胀率有增有减。     

吉林省西部四种杨树的木材物理力学性质

一、前言白林二号杨等杨树优良品种是白城地区林研所经过多年的试验研究培育出来的,它具有耐寒、速生、耐干旱瘠薄、抗病虫害等优良特性,是我省主要推广的造林树种,而且也被其它省区大量地引种。为了解吉林省西部四种优良杨树品种的木材物理力学性质,进一步研究新品种和木材利用,我们先后对白林二号杨等四个优良品种和本地的小青杨的木材物理力学性质进行了研究。     

杨木旋切及单板质量与木材性质关系的研究

试验检测了七个品系杨树木材的密度、含水率、硬度及横纹抗弯性能，采用适合软阔叶树材的单板放切条件和不同的旋切参数进行旋切试验。在实验的基础上研究了杨木物理力学性质与旋切及单板质量之间的关系。结果表明：采用软阔叶树材的旋切条件，除河北杨生材以外均能获得较好的旋切效果；木材的密度、硬度、横纹抗弯性能与单板旋切条件、单板质量有着密切的关系；此外某些杨木试材存在径级小、干形不规整、节子多等问题，也对单板的旋切造成影响。     

不同肥料效应对Ⅰ—69杨木材性质的影响研究

在淮北平原宿县试验林内,米集了氮肥+有机肥、磷肥+钾肥、未施肥(对照)三种条件处理的I-69杨(Populus deltoides Bartr.cv.“Lux”ex I-69/55)试材36株。进行木材解剖、化学成分、木材物理力学性质等试验,结果表明:施肥处理生长快的I-69杨,木材纤维长度α-纤维素、综纤维素和木材气干密度等稍有下降,方差分析验证,差异未达显著水平。其中施用氮肥+有机肥生长最快的I-69杨,胶质纤维比率高;木材抗压强度、抗弯强度等均有不同程度的降低。抗弯弹性磨量、顺纹抗剪强度、径面与弦面硬度等降低差异达显著水平。     

硬杂小径木材干燥技术初探

我国森林资源中小径材的蓄积量占有相当大的比重,其中以硬杂树种数量最多。小径材具有带髓心、弯曲度大、节疤多等自然生长特征及干燥易裂开等问题,给干燥技术和后续加工增添了很大难度。通过对柞木、桦木等树种小径材的实验室及工业试验,认为:硬杂小径材在干燥过程中不宜采用高温介质处理,以采用较缓和的水分蒸发强度和中、低温介质为宜,应保持锯材厚度方向较平稳的温度梯度。     

Quality of timber products from Norway spruce

Summary In a previous paper in this series it was concluded that the warp (twist, crook and bow) of structural timber products is of utmost importance for end-user satisfaction. In this paper, a study of the spatial variation of warp of fast-grown Norway spruce is presented. The material, 372 studs (45 × 70 × 2900 mm²), was cut from different radial and longitudinal positions in trees from two stands.The results indicated that twist and crook were at maximum near the pith. However, twist decreased much more rapidly with the distance from pith compared with crook. Crook associated with core studs was larger in the butt log than in the top log, while twist and bow in core studs appeared not to vary longitudinally. Heartwood formation in the butt log juvenile core did not diminish warp propensity. Twist was rather well correlated to the distance between pith and centroid of cross section. The ratio of grain angle to pith distance was the best parameter to predict twist. Presence of compression wood increased bow and crook significantly, while ring width, density and knot area ratio did not substantially contribute to explain warp variation.A moisture content change from 18% to 12% decreased the overall acceptability, expressed by stud grade yield, from 76% to 43%. Thus, timber products should be delivered at a moisture level close to the one expected in the finalized building in order to avoid excessive warp after delivery.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from EEC Forest programme, Contract No MA2B-0024, from NUTEK project No 9100554 and from Södra Timber AB     

板材强度无损检测方法的研究

论述了在线无损检测木材强度的理论方法，阐述了在无损检测系统中利用先进的传感器技术采集板材的各项形体尺寸参数、重量、密度和应力声波信号的方法，并根据FFT技术对采集数据迅速完成弹性模量的实时计算和强度分级记号标印。     

Effects of basic density,annual growth and drying schedule on selected quality factors of dried Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) timber

Abstract

Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) timber is suitable for many uses in the mechanical wood industry. Drying it without any decrease in value, however, is difficult and slow. The purpose of this research was to compare the drying quality of Siberian larch timber dried with three different conventional schedules taking into account the density and annual growth of wood. Five drying tests were performed. The final moisture content (MC), MC gradient, cracks, deformations (bow, crook, twist and cup) and case hardening were measured from the dried timber. The basic density particularly affected the MC, as shown in the differences regarding dried wood, with the denser wood having higher final MC and MC gradient. It was also found that large annual growth increased some deformations. Most of the measured factors were best after drying at the highest temperatures used; however, a slightly different trend was observed for bow, twist and cup. MC factors and twisting were the most problematic properties in drying according to this study. Sorting Siberian larch timber, particularly according to density, would improve the MC properties of dried timber by ensuring sufficient drying time, as economically as possible, for each timber piece.     

Finite element study of growth stress formation in wood and related distortion of sawn timber

Lack of straightness in timber is the most frequent complaint regarding solid (and laminated) timber products worldwide. Nowadays, customers demand higher quality in the shape stability of wood products than they did earlier. The final distortion of timber boards is mostly caused by moisture-related stresses in wood (drying distortions) and growth-related stresses (distortions appearing when logs are split up to timber boards by sawing). To get more knowledge on how these distortions can be reduced in wooden products, there is a need for improved understanding of this material behaviour through good numerical tools developed from empirical data. A three-dimensional finite element board distortion model developed by Ormarsson (Doctoral thesis, Publ. 99:7, 1999) has been extended to include the influence of growth stresses by incorporating a one-dimensional finite element growth stress model developed here. The growth stress model is formulated as an axisymmetric general plane strain model where material for all new annual rings is progressively added to the tree during the analysis. The simulation results presented include how stresses are progressively generated during the tree growth, distortions related to the redistribution of growth stresses during log sawing, and distortions and stresses in drying reflecting the effects of growth stresses. The results show that growth stresses clearly vary during tree growth and also form a large stress gradient from pith to bark. This in itself can result in significant bow and crook deformations when logs are sawn into timber boards. The distortion results from the simulations match well with the results observed in reality. The parametric study also showed that the radial growth stress distribution is highly influenced by parameters such as modulus of elasticity, micro fibril angle and maturation strain.     

云杉属木材纵向和径向声振动特性参数关系的研究

采集7种我国具有代表性的云杉属木材及1种作对比用的美国产西加云杉试件,通过纵、横向木材试件在高次振动模式下的试验,测量木材各项声振动参数.研究发现:纵向材与径向材振动参数比之间存在着一定的相关性,据此可以选择各向异性适中,韧性好,纵向、径向振动受剪切影响小的木材制作乐器的音板.     

Log sawing positioning optimization and log bucking of tropical hardwood species to increase the volume yield

The sawmill industry is a very important link in the Mozambique forest products value chain, but the industry is characterized by undeveloped processing technology and high-volume export of almost unrefined logs. The low volume yield of sawn timber has been identified as a critical gap in the technological development of the industry. To improve the profitability of the industry, there is thus a need to develop methods and techniques that improve the yield. In this paper, different positioning of logs prior to sawing and the possibility of increasing the volume yield of crooked logs by bucking the logs before sawing have been studied. A computer simulation was used to study the cant-sawing and through-and-through sawing of the logs to determine the volume yield of sawn timber from the jambirre (Millettia stuhlmannii Taub.) and umbila (Pterocarpus angolensis DC.) species. The optimal position, i.e. the position of the log before sawing that gives the highest volume yield of sawn timber for a given sawing pattern when the positioning parameters, offset, skew and rotation, are considered gave a considerable higher volume yield than the horns-down position. By bucking very crooked logs and using the horns-down positioning before sawing, the volume yield can be of the same magnitude as that obtained by optimal positioning on full-length (un-bucked) logs. The bucking reduces the crook of the logs and hence increases the volume yield of sawn timber.     

Axially loaded glued-in hardwood dowels

The failure load of axially loaded hardwood dowels glued-in parallel to the grain direction of the jointed timber parts is considered. Two simple theoretical solutions using linear elastic fracture mechanics/ideal plasticity and linear elastic stress analysis, taking into account the finite shear stiffness of the bond line are, presented and compared with experimental results. Theory shows that bond line shear strength is the governing strength property for ductile joints and fracture energy is the governing strength property for brittle joints. Bond line shear strength and fracture energy are determined by means of curve-fitting. Received 24 April 1997     

浅谈利用小径木制作木结构房屋

通过小径木的力学性能分析，确定小径木可以作为新式木结构房屋的主要建筑用材，从而拓展了小径材在建筑行业的应用领域，使低价值的小径木原材料变成高附加值的建筑产品。     

人工林香叶树木材物理性质的研究

研究了福建省三明莘口教学林场香叶树人工林的木材物理性质。结果表明：香叶树人工林木材生材密度0.826 g/cm3,基本密度为0.529 g/cm3;木材径向、弦向和体积干缩系数分别为0.235%,0.337%,0.603%,收缩大,木材不易开裂和变形,是良好的家具及室内装饰用材。