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选择规格相近[体重(8.41±0.82)g,体长(10.12±0.44)cm]的西伯利亚鲟鱼225尾,分为3组,每组3个平行,分别用8%(对照组)、12%(中脂组)、16%(高脂组)油脂含量的饲料投喂。养殖42 d后,测定体长、体重,尾静脉取血,解剖。通过生长指标、生理生化指标及肝脏组织切片观察等评价建模是否成功。结果表明,高脂组生长最快,终末体长、体重显著高于对照组和中脂组(P0.05),肝指数显著高于对照组和中脂组(P0.05),存活率与另两组差异不显著(P0.05);高脂组血清AST、ALT及TC、TG显著高于对照组(P0.05),肝脏TG显著高于中脂组和对照组;对照组肝脏呈暗红色,中脂组肝脏呈浅红色,高脂组呈暗白色,病理切片观察表明,高脂组部分肝细胞坏死,细胞破裂,脂肪颗粒融成一个大的脂肪滴,细胞呈现透明空泡化,细胞核破裂或溶解。通过肝指数、血清生化指标、肝脏TG、肝脏外观颜色及病理组织切片分析,高脂饲料组成功地建立了鲟鱼脂肪肝模型。 相似文献
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养殖鱼类脂肪肝成因及相关思考 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
养殖鱼类脂肪肝病,是困扰水产养殖业多年的广发性病害,虽经多年研究和防治实践,至今尚不能得到根本遏制。本文回顾了近年来在养殖鱼类脂肪肝研究领域的重要研究成果,从营养和饲料、养殖环境、鱼类生理特性、物种差异和遗传变异等5个方面系统总结了导致养殖鱼类肝脏脂肪过量累积的原因。在综述已有成果的基础上,分析了当前鱼类脂肪肝研究和防治实践中存在的可能误区,并结合自身多年在鱼类、哺乳动物和人类脂肪肝研究中的成果和经验,探讨了养殖鱼类脂肪肝发生的生物学机制,提出了"营养型脂肪肝"与"氧化型脂肪肝"的区分标准,揭示了当前鱼类脂肪肝防治的复杂性和困难性,并对今后鱼类脂肪肝研究和防治实践提出了具体的研究方向和防治策略。 相似文献
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鱼类脂肪肝的形成原因及抗脂肪肝因子 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鱼类脂肪肝的形成主要是其所需的营养素不平衡和某些抗脂肪肝因子缺乏造成的。同时还受到鱼类的生理代谢特点、养殖环境的影响。集约化养殖,养殖密度加大,生产周期缩短,同时营养不平衡的人工饲料完全替代天然饵料,常常难以满足鱼体快速、健康生长的需要,造成养殖鱼类的营养代谢 相似文献
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为研究黄连素对高脂诱导的斑马鱼肝脏细胞脂质代谢组学的影响,以斑马鱼细胞为实验材料,通过棕榈酸钠(0.25mM,24h)诱导肝脏细胞脂质沉积模型,经黄连素(25μM,6h)处理后收集细胞。采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术进行脂质代谢组学分析,对不同处理的斑马鱼肝脏细胞的脂质代谢物进行筛选鉴定并对脂代谢相关因子的基因表达进行检测。结果显示,与对照组相比,高脂组共筛选出1761个差异离子,其中鉴定出147种差异代谢物,123个升高、24个降低;高脂+黄连素组共筛选出2728个差异离子,其中鉴定出346种差异代谢物,139个升高、207个降低。与高脂组相比,高脂+黄连素组共筛选出1605个差异离子,其中鉴定出259种差异代谢物,45个升高、204个降低。进一步对不饱和脂肪酸代谢通路研究发现,差异代谢产物二高-γ-亚麻酸(DGLA)和二高-α-亚麻酸(ETA)含量在高脂组中显著上升(P < 0.05),且添加了黄连素后含量显著下降(P < 0.05);与对照组组相比,高脂+黄连素组的DGLA和ETA含量并无显著差异。通过检测DGLA和ETA分解相关酶的基因(ATGL、HSL)表达量发现,与对照组相比,高脂组两者均显著(P<0.05)降低,添加了黄连素后均显著(P<0.05)升高;检测合成相关酶基因(ACC、Elovl6、Elovl7a、SCDb、FAS、FADS2)的表达量,结果显示,与对照组相比,高脂组组细胞内ACC、Elovl6和SCDb的表达量显著(P<0.05)升高,FADS2表达量显著(P<0.05)降低,而添加了黄连素后细胞内FADS2的表达量显著(P<0.05)升高,FAS、Elovl6、SCDb表达量显著(P<0.05)降低。综上所述,高脂诱导通过抑制脂质分解相关基因表达,促进脂质合成相关基因的表达进而引起脂肪在细胞中的过度沉积,添加适量黄连素可以显著改善这一现象。 相似文献
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草鱼属于草食性鱼类,长期投喂非全价饲料,不投喂青饲料,就会因营养不平衡而患脂肪肝病。除在一定时限内补充投喂青饲料外,尚无其他治疗此病的成功方法的报道。本试验在不投喂青饲料,只投喂非全价饲料的情况下,添加相关营养素,对草鱼营养性脂肪肝病的致病因素进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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斑马鱼仔鱼人工开口饲料的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据斑马鱼仔鱼对营养需求的特点研制出微膜、微粘两种配合饲料,对其物理性状进行了测定,并进行了以蛋黄为对照饲料的饲喂试验(20d)。结果表明:(1)微膜饲料的各项物理性状指标均好于微粘饲料;(2)试验鱼的存活率以微膜组为最高,蛋黄组最低,推测与饲料对水质的不同影响有关;仔鱼生长情况以蛋黄组、蛋黄 微膜组为最好,其次为微膜组。研究认为,所开发的微膜饲料与微粘饲料均可作为斑马鱼仔鱼的人工开口饲料,而微膜饲料与蛋黄组合使用效果最佳。 相似文献
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斑马鱼的繁育技术浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
斑马鱼又名蓝条鱼,花条鱼,学名为brachydanio rerio,隶属于鲤科。原产于印度及孟加拉国等。斑马鱼体形娇小,为小型观赏鱼类,成年的斑马鱼体长4~6cm,体呈纺锤形。身体背部橄榄绿色,体侧从头至尾有数条银白色与蓝色相间的条纹,像斑马的斑纹,故名斑马鱼。臀鳍处也有与体色相似的条纹,但颜色比较浅。 相似文献
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斑马鱼的学名为Brachydanio rerio,又称印度斑马鱼。隶属于鲤科鱼类。固体侧有象斑马样的纵向条纹,故称斑马鱼。其俗名很多,如蓝斑马鱼、孟加拉斑马鱼、蓝条鱼和短丹鱼等。其英文名有Zebra damo、Zebra fish、Striped danio。原产于南亚的印度东部(由基斯特内河至恒河流域)、孟加拉和缅甸。 相似文献
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Physiological and molecular changes in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.) with high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver disease 下载免费PDF全文
Fatty liver disease is regularly observed in cultured large yellow croaker, and the disease leads to lower growth rates and reduced harvest yields. The goal of this study was to achieve a more detailed understanding of the physiological and molecular changes in response to high‐fat diet‐induced fatty liver in large yellow croaker. Large yellow croaker fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks developed hepatic steatosis characterized by histological observation and significantly increased plasma triglyceride levels and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities. However, no significant differences in serum total protein, glucose, cholesterol, non‐esterified free fatty acids (NEFA), aspartate aminotransferase, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein were observed between the normal diet and the high‐fat diet (HFD) group. The fatty acid composition of tissue lipids was not affected significantly by dietary lipid levels. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the HFD decreased fatty acid synthase expression and increased PPARγ expression, but had no effect on lipoprotein lipase and PPARα expression. These results suggest that the HFD‐induced physiological changes and fatty liver may be due to the alteration of related gene expression. As such, further investigations of the metabolic pathways and differentially expressed genes are of particular significance in the mechanistic study and understanding of HFD‐induced fatty liver disease. 相似文献
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鱼类运动行为的观察能够为鱼类健康监控提供直观信息,而通过人工标定的方式监测鱼群运动行为耗时长、效率低。文章针对鱼类运动行为的监测问题,提出一种基于图像处理技术的罗非鱼运动监测方法。首先利用计算机、CCD高清摄像机获取鱼群运动视频,再对图像进行滤波去噪、灰度等处理;通过Ostu阈值分割法改进Canny边缘检测算法提取鱼群的边缘轮廓;在建立鱼群运动模型的基础上结合目标关联匹配算法,实现罗非鱼运动行为的跟踪和监测。结果显示鱼群的个体检出率为98.96%,轨迹完整度为97%。提出的算法比卡尔曼滤波的轨迹跟踪监测效果略有提升,能够较好地完成鱼群的运动跟踪和动态监测。 相似文献
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Atlantic salmon fry (4 g) were fed a semi-synthetic diet devoid of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for 4 months. External signs of nutritional imbalance during the period were slow growth rate and increased mortality. Some symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency appeared in the fatty acid composition of the blood and liver during the fourth month. At that time, the percentages of n-3 and n-6 PUFA of triacylglycerols (TAG) were nearly exhausted, and the percentages of 22:6 n-3 and of 20:5 n-3 in phospholipids (PL) showed a marked decrease. This decrease in the PUFA level of the PL was paralleled by the appearance of 20:3 n-9, whereas in the TAG an increase in the percentage of 18:1 n-9 was observed. After 4 months the monounsaturated fatty acid 18:1 n-9 constituted nearly 50% of the fatty acids in the TAG fraction of the liver. The time course of the changes in fatty acid composition of liver and blood lipids was quite similar, whereas the carcass lipid composition appeared to respond slowly to a diet devoid of essential fatty acids. 相似文献
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利用RACE技术克隆得到了斑马鱼(Danio rerio)白三烯B4受体样(BLT1-like)基因BLT1-like1和BLT1-like2的全长cDNA序列,其分别编码339和356个氨基酸。序列和结构分析发现,其编码的两个蛋白均属于G蛋白偶联受体家族视紫红质蛋白亚族,并具有典型的G蛋白偶联受体的特征,与人的BLT1同源度达31%以上。进一步将两基因与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达,发现其具有较好的细胞膜定位功能;Western印迹检测也证实,重组表达细胞的全细胞蛋白可与人源BLT1的多克隆抗体发生特异性相互作用。此外,荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,在斑马鱼幼鱼发育过程中,BLT1-like1基因在胚胎发育12 h显著上调,mRNA表达量上升至1 h的18倍,而BLT1-like2基因在胚胎发育24 h发生显著上调,表达量上升至1 h的34倍;而在斑马鱼成鱼中两个基因在心脏和肝脏中表达量相对较高,而肠、皮和眼睛中表达量相对较低。本研究的结果说明斑马鱼中可能存在多个BLT1基因,并为鱼类BLT1基因的克隆和功能鉴定提供基础。 相似文献
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三种脂肪源和两种降脂因子对鲈生长、体营养成分组和血清生化指标的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
在人工配合饲料中加入3种脂肪源(鱼油、鱼油+玉米油1.34∶1、鱼油+豆油1.34∶1)和两种降脂因子(胆碱10g·kg-1、肉碱350mg·kg-1)饲喂鲈,并用冰鲜杂鱼饵料作为配合饲料的对照。经过8周的饲养,对鲈的生长情况、体营养成分组成和血清生化指标进行测定和分析。结果表明,鲈对脂肪肝的耐受性较差,长期大量投喂冰鲜杂鱼易诱发病变,肝脏对病变的敏感性高于肌肉;在满足必需脂肪酸需要量的情况下,不同脂肪源对鲈生长差异影响不大,但对体脂沉积有一定影响;胆碱和肉碱具有一定的降体脂作用。 相似文献
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Atlantic salmon fry (4 g) were fed for 4 months on semi-synthetic diets containing fatty acid methyl esters of either 18:2 n-6, 18:3 n-3 or a mixture of equal amounts of 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3. The different amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids added were 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2% (by dry weight). Increasing levels of dietary n-3 fatty acids up to 1% gave faster growth rates in salmon fry, and fish fed the mixture of 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 seemed to grow faster than fish fed only 18:3 n-3. No significant effect on growth rate was seen when the dietary level of 18:2 n-6 was increased. Dietary inclusions of n-3 fatty acids reduced the mortality of salmon, while dietary 18:2 n-6 had no such beneficial effects.
The dietary treatments caused substantial changes in the fatty acid composition of blood and liver phospholipids (PL), whereas the total lipid fraction of the carcass was less affected. Increasing doses of 18:2 n-6 in the diet resulted in an increased percentage of 20:4 n-6 in liver and blood PLs, while the percentage of 20:3 n-9 decreased. The percentage of 18:2 n-6 also increased in liver, blood and carcass. Dietary 18:3 n-3 resulted in increased percentages of 18:3 n-3 and 20:5 n-3 in liver PLs, while the percentage of 20:3 n-9 decreased. There was, however, no significant increase in the percentage of 22:6 n-3. Dietary 18:3 n-3 produced no significant changes in the composition of blood fatty acids, but increased the percentage of 18:3 n-3 in the carcass. The dietary combination of the n-3 fatty acids 20:5 and 22:6 resulted in an increased percentage of 22:6 n-3 in blood and liver lipids and a decreased percentage of 20:3 n-9, but there were no changes in the percentage of 20:5 n-3. 相似文献
The dietary treatments caused substantial changes in the fatty acid composition of blood and liver phospholipids (PL), whereas the total lipid fraction of the carcass was less affected. Increasing doses of 18:2 n-6 in the diet resulted in an increased percentage of 20:4 n-6 in liver and blood PLs, while the percentage of 20:3 n-9 decreased. The percentage of 18:2 n-6 also increased in liver, blood and carcass. Dietary 18:3 n-3 resulted in increased percentages of 18:3 n-3 and 20:5 n-3 in liver PLs, while the percentage of 20:3 n-9 decreased. There was, however, no significant increase in the percentage of 22:6 n-3. Dietary 18:3 n-3 produced no significant changes in the composition of blood fatty acids, but increased the percentage of 18:3 n-3 in the carcass. The dietary combination of the n-3 fatty acids 20:5 and 22:6 resulted in an increased percentage of 22:6 n-3 in blood and liver lipids and a decreased percentage of 20:3 n-9, but there were no changes in the percentage of 20:5 n-3. 相似文献
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JNKs是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)家族重要成员,参与应激反应和动物体轴的构建。为了进一步了解JNK家族在动物发育中的功能,首次分离和克隆了金鱼jnk3基因,研究了jnk3在金鱼和斑马鱼组织特异性和胚胎发育特异性表达状况。金鱼jnk3基因cDNA总长1 794 bp,其中阅读框1 293 bp,编码430个氨基酸。对jnk3基因序列及其推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,结果显示,jnk3基因在脊椎动物较为保守,金鱼jnk3基因核苷酸序列与斑马鱼、人的同源性分别为94.1%和80.7%,金鱼jnk3基因氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、人的同源性分别为99.7%和93.4%。jnk3基因在鱼类成体中的表达存在着显著的组织差异,在金鱼和斑马鱼脑和精巢组织的表达具专一性,此外在斑马鱼心脏中也检测到jnk3的表达。RT-PCR检测结果显示,在鱼类胚胎发育中,神经胚期开始检测到jnk3基因mRNA表达,从神经胚到心跳期胚胎,jnk3基因表达水平逐渐增高,此后直至出膜一直保持较高的表达水平。研究表明,jnk3基因可能在鱼类后期的胚胎发育和成体脑、精巢与心脏发育中具有重要作用。 相似文献
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蓝藻是对虾幼苗的天然饵料,使用转vp28基因蓝藻(Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942)直接投喂凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vanname)幼苗来防治白斑综合征病毒(WSSV),可起到“药食同源”的作用。转基因蓝藻作为对抗WSSV的口服疫苗,目前面临环境释放的安全性问题。斑马鱼是最常见的模式生物之一,本研究将转vp28基因蓝藻投喂凡纳滨对虾幼苗,验证其剂量梯度抗WSSV的影响,并测定其半数有效剂量(ED50)。以该剂量为依据投喂斑马鱼后,通过测定斑马鱼体内的酶学指标、进行组织切片观察以及养殖水体中氮磷等的变化,来探究转vp28基因蓝藻对水生生物、水体环境造成的影响。研究结果表明,随着转基因蓝藻口服疫苗剂量的增加,凡纳滨对虾幼苗抗WSSV的能力也随之增强,测得ED50为0.027 g。分别使用野生型和转基因型蓝藻配合饲料投喂斑马鱼15天,投喂结束后其生长状态良好、游动正常;投喂前后身体颜色无明显差异,不同组间体长增长的差异不显著(p > 0.05)。转基因组投喂的过氧化氢酶活力稍低于空白组和野生型组,过氧化物酶活力随着投喂天数的增长而呈现降低趋势;水质监测发现总氮和总磷无较大差异,投喂蓝藻的两组氨氮均要低于空白对照组,氨氮含量的提升对斑马鱼的抗氧化能力存在一定影响;组织切片发现斑马鱼各组的肝脏、心脏组织细胞无明显差异。研究表明转vp28基因蓝藻可有效增强凡纳滨对虾抗WSSV能力,且抗病能力随着口服疫苗剂量的升高而增强;投喂斑马鱼后,斑马鱼无明显的毒理效应,且对水质影响较小;转vp28基因蓝藻作为亚单位疫苗投放对水生生物的影响较小,可为后续产业规模应用提供基础。 相似文献