武隆猪腰枣产业现状及采穗圃经营管理技术

武隆猪腰枣产业的发展不仅能促进农民增产丰收,实现社会经济的快速发展;还能够有效防止水土流失,增加森林覆盖率。本文分析了重庆市武隆区猪腰枣产业现状及存在的问题,并提出有效的采穗圃经营管理技术,以期为武隆猪腰枣优质高产提供参考。     

“武隆猪腰枣”种植技术要点

大力发展＂武隆猪腰枣＂既能让农民增收,加快经济社会的发展,又能治理水土流失,提高森林覆盖率,还能为武隆乌江沿线的旅游业发展增添一道亮丽的风景线。经过多年的实践经验,反复总结,不断提高枣树的科学化管理水平,笔者总结了＂武隆猪腰枣＂管理经验和方法,以期为生产实践提供技术帮助。     

无核枣的组织培养及快速繁殖

以无核枣幼芽为试材,研究了无核枣组织培养及快速繁殖的适宜条件.试验表明,枣芽及其带侧芽茎段在MS+6-BA 4mg*L-1+IBA 0.3～0.4mg*L-1培养基上增殖效果好,不定芽再生率100%,增殖倍数为4.15～4.19倍.枣芽在1/2 MS+IBA 0.4 mg*L-1培养基上生根效果好,生根率达100%.活性炭对试管苗生根有明显促进作用.     

太子参的组织培养研究

以太子参茎尖、茎段为外植体进行组织培养试验,结果表明：茎尖在含有0．5～1．0mg／L 6-BA 0．1mg／L NAA 3％白糖 0．4％琼脂的MS培养基中芽的诱导率高达100％,茎尖的诱导分化能力较茎段强;适宜的增殖培养基为MS 1．0mg／L 6-BA 0．1mg／L NAA 3％白糖 0．4％琼脂,且不定芽经30d培养,增殖系数达10。在增殖培养中同时分化出根系,可免去根的诱导环节,简化快繁程序;适宜试管苗移栽基质为河沙：珍珠岩=2：1,移栽成活率达98％。     

海南龙血树组织培养的初步研究

通过对海南龙血树的组织培养与快速繁殖进行研究，结果表明海南龙血树的组织培养与快速繁殖最佳的配方为Ms BA1mg／L NAA0．05mg／L，最理想的快速增殖的苗龄为45d(叶长1．5cm以下、4片叶子以内)。     

NG在临泽小枣试管苗继代繁殖中的应用研究

用不同浓度的ＮＧ对临泽小枣试管苗茎段生根、萌芽及生长的影响进行了研究，结果表明：ＮＧ在试管苗继代繁殖中起着至关重要的作用，可作为临泽小枣试管苗繁殖的新型生长调节生物。１５￣１７ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＧ对试管苗茎段的发芽率和生根率无明显作用，但对发芽数、生根数、芽梢和根的生长有显影响，随着ＮＧ浓度的增加，试管苗茎段的发芽数显提高，但芽梢和根的生长量呈明显下降趋势；４５￣６０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＧ可显增加试管苗茎     

果蔗组织培养快繁技术研究

采用蔗株的茎尖培养出绿苗或茎梢嫩叶诱导出愈伤组织,再分化出绿苗,均有较好效果.茎尖培养用MS+6-BA2. 0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1附加活性炭0.05%;MS+2,4-D 1.0～3.0 mg ·L-1对诱导愈伤组织效果较佳,但含2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1的处理对黑皮果蔗仅能诱导生根而无法诱导出愈伤组织;MS +6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+KT 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.3 mg·L-1对分化绿苗及其增殖效果最好;生根培养基选用1/2MS+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA1.0 mg ·L-1附加活性炭0.05%.具有根系的完整植株的组培苗移到苗圃假植,待苗高20 cm 以上,分单株定植大田,成活率90%以上,若将丛苗再分单株袋栽成活后定植大田,成活率可达100%.     

杜鹃花组织培养技术研究

试验以东洋杜鹃花 (Rhododendron.L)的茎尖 (含茎段 )、叶片为培养材料 ,研究确定其合适的组织培养各因素条件。结果表明 ,1)由于杜鹃花生长在酸性条件下 ,底盐分浓度及高比值 NH4 + /NO3- 的基本培养基 K和 B适合东洋杜鹃 ;2 )最佳 p H值为 5 .2 ;3)诱导芽的最适外植体为 3～ 5月的顶芽 ,愈伤培养的最适外植体为嫩叶 ;4 )以K& B+2 ,4 - D(1) +6 - BA(0 .0 5 )和 K& B+6 - BA (0 .5 ) +NAA (5 )最适合培养愈伤组织 ,K& B+1AA (1) +2 ,4 - D(4 )对茎尖培养效果较好     

勿忘我组织培养快速繁殖研究

勿忘我组培繁殖可通过外植体直接分化出不定芽和先形成愈伤组织后分化出不定芽途径。外植体有幼嫩小花序和叶片。在起始培养基中附加20mg/L的苯甲酸钠对抑制细菌和真菌污染有一定的效果；适宜的起始培养基为MS＋1mg/L6-BA 0.2mg/L NAA 4%蔗糖＋0．7％琼脂。增殖培养基以MS＋0.4mg/L 6-BA 0.2mg/L NAA 3%蔗糖＋0．7％琼脂为好，每30d增殖倍数可达5倍。生根培养基以1／2MS＋0.4mg/L NAA 1.5%蔗糖＋0．7％琼脂，同时附加0.02mg/L的PP333效果为好，生根率可达96％，根明显增粗。试管苗移栽介质以木屑＋泥炭＋珍珠岩（5：2：3）为好，移栽成活率最高可达100％。大棚栽培的试管苗生长正常，生产的切花与外植体来源的切花与形态性状上没有明显差异。     

非洲菊的组织培养

对非洲菊不同外植体(花托、叶片、幼芽、种子、叶柄等)的快速繁殖技术及进展进行介绍评价．认为用试管苗叶和叶柄作为快繁材料，操作简便，增殖效率高．可作为工厂化生产的首选技术。     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

Physio-Biochemical Changes in Jujube Fruits(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) at Mature Stage

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage, being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively, the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively, the correlation coef-ficients were -0.973 1** and + 0.974 6** respectively. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, and sucrose increased with jujube ripening, while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern, the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6** , 0.988 0** , and 0.982 8**, respec-tively. Befcre white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation d moncsaccharide was predom/nant in jujube fruits, following a fast accumula-tion of sucrose, indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore, the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity, being 51.54 mg/100 g · FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg·h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg·h) after fruit turning red and before softening, indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化(英文)

The changes of physiological and biochemical indices in jujube fruits during the late development were investigated from 6-year-old jujube trees (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao). The results showed that the flesh firmness decreased slowly from white-green stage to full-red stage,being significantly related with the developmental maturity of jujube fruits negatively,the correlation coefficient reached -0.980 3**. The contents of ascorbic acid and titratable acid in jujube fruits were significantly related with the developmental process of jujube fruits negatively or positively,the correlation coefficients were -0.973 1** and +0.974 6**,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and sucrose increased with jujube ripening,while the relative sweetness of jujube fruits showed the same variation pattern,the correlation coefficients were 0.996 6**,0.988 0**,and 0.982 8**,respectively. Before white-green stage during fruit development,the accumulation of monosaccharide was predominant in jujube fruits,following a fast accumulation of sucrose,indicating that the main component of sugars is sucrose at the crisp-ripe stage. Furthermore,the starch content of the flesh reached the peak at about thirty percentage of jujube maturity,being 51.54 mg/100 g.FW. The respiratory rates varied between 10 mg/(kg.h) and CO2 26 mg/(kg.h) after fruit turning red and before softening,indicating a non-climacteric respiratory type.     

中宁圆枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

以10年生的中宁圆枣为试材,研究了果实发育后期(白熟期￣全红期)生理和生化变化特性,结果表明:(1)中宁圆枣果肉硬度变化具有明显的2个阶段,从白熟期至初红期,果肉硬度大幅度降低;从初红期至全红期,硬度维持在12.0￣12.5kg/cm2。(2)果实抗坏血酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.9686;果实可滴定酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9254。(3)果实发育成熟期,可溶性固形物、总糖、蔗糖和果糖含量均与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,葡萄糖含量和果实发育成熟度呈显著的正相关关系。(4)中宁圆枣果实在白熟期前以积累单糖为主,果实糖份累积总体表现为“果糖 蔗糖”型。(5)随着果实发育成熟,果实相对甜度不断增加。果实总糖、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和果糖含量与果实相对甜度呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9940、0.9827、0.9750和0.9259;葡萄糖含量和果实相对甜度呈显著正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9117。     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

笔者对灵武长枣在采前发育成熟期的果肉硬度、水溶性糖、酸和维生素C、淀粉含量等变化规律以及采后呼吸强度的变化进行研究,旨在为灵武长枣果实发育生理、采后贮藏保鲜、新品种选育和栽培管理提供科学依据。     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

以6年生的灵武长枣为试材,研究了果实发育后期（白绿期～全红期）生理和生化变化特性,结果表明：（1）灵武长枣从白绿期至全红期,果肉硬度缓慢降低,与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.9803,全红时果肉硬度12.4kg/cma^2。（2）果实抗坏血酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,拟合曲线为三次多项式,相关系数r=-0.9731;果实可滴定酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9746。（3）果实发育成熟期,可溶性固形物、总糖和蔗糖含量均与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系。（4）灵武长枣在白绿期前以积累单糖为主,果实糖份累积总体表现为“蔗糖”型。（5）随着果实发育成熟,相对甜度不断增加,与总糖、蔗糖和可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9966、0.9880和0.9828。（6）灵武长枣在果实发育后期,果肉淀粉含量最高达51.54mg/100g,对果实的糖度没有明显影响。（7）白熟期的果实在软化前,呼吸强度在10～26mg/（kg.h）间变化,没有明显的呼吸高峰,初步确定为呼吸非跃变型。     

冬枣的组织培养技术研究

[目的]建立冬枣的离体快繁体系。[方法]分别以休眠期一年生冬枣枝条茎段、生长季新梢茎段及水培休眠期一年生枝条幼芽为材料筛选最佳外植体,并对其进行增殖及生根培养,研究不同培养基对其增殖及生根的影响。[结果]水培休眠期一年生枝条幼芽为冬枣组织培养的最佳外植体;继代培养30d后,MS＋AC 0.3g/L＋BA1.5mg/L＋KT 0.5mg/L＋CM 50ml/L增殖培养基中组培苗生长最快,苗高达到（4.55±0.40）cm,且组培苗生长健壮,叶色正常;1/2MS＋IBA1.5mg/L培养基中组培苗产生的根系数量最多,且根最长,培养21d后根系数量达（5.90＋0.73）条,培养42d后新生根长度达（4.50＋0.31）cm。[结论]冬枣外植体的最佳增殖和生根培养基分别为MS＋AC 0.3g/L＋BA 1.5＋KT 0.5＋CM 50ml/L和0.5MS＋IBA 1.5。     

自制保鲜剂对灵武长枣低温贮藏保鲜效果的研究

以可溶性固形物含量24.3%的灵武长枣为试材,研究了冷藏过程中果实品质变化及贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明,保鲜剂浸果极显著降低了霉烂果率,显著减缓了贮藏中后期果肉硬度下降和维生素C氧化分解,明显抑制了果肉蔗糖水解,显著提高了贮藏中后期脆好果率。但保鲜剂浸果对可溶性固形物、还原糖、总糖和果胶含量没有明显影响。脆好果率与果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量和蔗糖含量均呈极显著正相关性,拟合曲线为二次多项式,相关系数分别为0.9266、0.9937和0.9971。果肉抗坏血酸含量和果肉硬度均与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.9894和0.9343。     

新疆灰枣一年生枣头枝抗寒力测定分析

[目的]测定分析灰枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)一年生枣头枝抗寒力,筛选出抗寒相关的关键生理指标,为有效评价不同栽培管理条件下新疆灰枣越冬抗寒能力,制定合理的冬季安全越冬技术措施提供理论依据.[方法]设置9个胁迫低温处理,测定并分析不同胁迫处理后灰枣一年生枣头枝的半致死温度(LT50)、枝条组织活力、保护酶( SOD、POD、CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、渗透调节物质(可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸)含量等指标.[结果]灰枣一年生枣头枝的半致死温度分别为-29.72℃;不同组织抗寒能力存在强弱差异,以形成层和髓部抗寒性最强;随着胁迫温度的降低,MDA含量持续增加;SOD、POD和CAT活性峰值的激发胁迫温度接近LT50,胁迫温度低于半致死温时,保护酶活性明显下降;游离脯氨酸含量与相对电导率之间存在极显著的正相关关系.[结论]相对电导率和游离脯氨酸含量可作为灰枣抗寒力评价的关键生理指标,髓部TrC染色结果可作为组织冻害的鉴别依据.     

中国枣果实病害研究进展

就20世纪80年代以后,我国枣果实生长发育及采后贮藏期病害研究进展进行了综述。采前枣果有9种病害,病原菌涉及到9个属真菌和4个属细菌。贮藏期枣果有4大类病害,但病原菌隶属12个属真菌。同一种病害不仅由单一病原菌侵染所致,而且往往是多种病原菌混合侵染引起的,因而给田间和贮期综合防治造成了一定困难。最后,提出了枣果病害研究上存在的主要问题和今后的研究方向。