Effect of sex and rearing system on the quality and mineral content of fiber from raeini cashmere goats

The aim of this study was to compare the quality characteristics and mineral content of the fiber from male and female cashmere goats raised under different management systems. Male and female Raeini cashmere goats (<1.5 years of age, n = 48) were selected from flocks raised at a government breeding station or raised commercially under either rural or nomadic conditions. The staple length, cashmere fiber diameter, coefficient of variation for fiber diameter, percentage of cashmere in a fleece, percentage of guard hair in a fleece and cashmere tenacity averaged 4.6 ±0.1 cm, 18.0 ±0.1 μm, 20.9 ± 0.4%, 66.1 ± 1.5%, 33.8 ± 1.5% and 1.8 ± 0.2 gf/tex, respectively. The sulfur, copper and zinc content of the cashmere averaged 2.8 ± 0.1%, 0.00065 ± 0.00002% and 0.01276 ± 0.00025%, respectively. Rearing method significantly affected staple length, coefficient of variation of fiber diameter, cashmere tenacity and copper content. Males had a higher coefficient of variation of fiber diameter and cashmere tenacity than females (P < 0.05).     

日粮硫水平对辽宁绒山羊产绒性能及绒品质的影响

选用4只装有瘤胃和十二指肠近端瘘管的辽宁绒山羊羯羊(2周岁左右),按4×4拉丁方设计,系统研究了4种不同日粮硫水平(0.11%、0.17%、0.23%、0.29%)对辽宁绒山羊产绒性能的影响。研究结果表明:日粮硫水平对辽宁绒山羊的产绒性能及羊绒品质影响显著(P0.05);日粮添加硫可显著提高辽宁绒山羊绒生长速度、产绒量、绒长度(P0.05),但对绒的细度没有显著影响(P0.05);综合分析认为,日粮硫水平为0.23%(N:S为7.39:1)对提高辽宁绒山产绒性能较为适宜。     

浅谈环境因子对绒山羊产绒性能的影响

文章综述了主要环境因子光照、环境温度、气候、营养等对绒山羊产绒性能的影响,为改善绒山羊生产的环境条件,研究新的绒山羊饲养工艺提供理论基础和现实方法。     

硫营养对绒山羊的影响

本文着重对硫营养影响绒山羊营养物质利用及绒生长的研究进展加以叙述。     

半胱胺对绒山羊瘤胃及盲肠内环境的影响

本试验选用4头6月龄、平均体重为16kg左右、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管和盲肠瘘管的辽宁绒山羊,平均分为半胱胺组和对照组,观察辽宁绒山羊瘤胃及盲肠内环境的变化。结果表明:半胱胺组瘤胃pH较对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。半胱胺组瘤胃NH3-N浓度、瘤胃蛋白浓度较对照组差异显著(P0.05);盲肠pH、蛋白浓度半胱胺组较对照组均差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验结果提示,添加半胱胺后可改变瘤胃内环境,有利于瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成。     

不同枣粉添加水平对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

为探讨日粮中不同枣粉添加量对陕北白绒山羊屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,选取初始体重为(20.15±1.63)kg的40只6月龄健康白绒山羊,随机分为5组,每组8只羊,分别饲喂枣粉添加量为0(对照组)、10％(Ⅰ试验组)、15％(Ⅱ试验组)、20％(Ⅲ试验组)、25％(Ⅳ试验组)的日粮,饲养试验预试期10 d,饲喂基础日粮,饲...     

基于酵母双杂交技术的绒山羊波形蛋白互作蛋白鉴定

为进一步探索波形蛋白(vimentin)调控绒山羊绒毛生长的作用机制,以内蒙古遗传种子资源阿尔巴斯白绒山羊皮肤中的毛囊组织为材料,利用PCR技术和酵母双杂交技术对根据GenBank中山羊的vimentin蛋白序列,运用蛋白质互作在线软件预测和液相色谱质谱联用采集免疫共沉淀数据筛选出肌动蛋白(ACTB)和vimentin进行基因引物设计、克隆、酵母表达载体构建和蛋白互作鉴定。结果显示:成功克隆出绒山羊vimentin基因CDS区序列的长度为1 401 bp, ACTB基因CDS区序列的长度为1 128 bp;构建了酵母表达载体;试验组共转化pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT7-ACTB的Y2HGold菌株在二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基和四缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上,均能生长出淡蓝色菌落,而在对照组共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上长出白色菌落,表明共转化的pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac被激活,共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac未被激活。提示:vimentin与ACTB两种蛋白间存在相互作用。     

基于酵母双杂交技术的绒山羊波形蛋白互作蛋白鉴定

为进一步探索波形蛋白(vimentin)调控绒山羊绒毛生长的作用机制,以内蒙古遗传种子资源阿尔巴斯白绒山羊皮肤中的毛囊组织为材料,利用PCR技术和酵母双杂交技术对根据GenBank中山羊的vimentin蛋白序列,运用蛋白质互作在线软件预测和液相色谱质谱联用采集免疫共沉淀数据筛选出肌动蛋白(ACTB)和vimentin进行基因引物设计、克隆、酵母表达载体构建和蛋白互作鉴定。结果显示:成功克隆出绒山羊vimentin基因CDS区序列的长度为1 401 bp, ACTB基因CDS区序列的长度为1 128 bp;构建了酵母表达载体;试验组共转化pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT7-ACTB的Y2HGold菌株在二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基和四缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上,均能生长出淡蓝色菌落,而在对照组共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的二缺板SD/-Trp/-Leu/X-α-GaL/AbA培养基上长出白色菌落,表明共转化的pGBKT7-vimentin与pGADT-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac被激活,共转化pGBKT7空质粒与pGADT7-ACTB重组质粒的下游报告基因Lac未被激活。提示:vimentin与ACTB两种蛋白间存在相互作用。     

日粮中添加牛至油对河西绒山羊育肥性能的影响研究

牛至精油对家畜生产性能和免疫力的提高有重要的影响。通过在日粮中添加牛至精油育肥河西绒山羊,研究其对河西绒山羊生长性能、屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂的基础日粮中分别添加4和7 g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油的添加剂),4和7 g宜生饲宝中牛至精油的含量分别为52和91 mg。对照组和试验组均为同月龄、同体重的河西绒山羊羯羊,试验组和对照组均设3个重复,每个重复5只羊。育肥期为90 d,每30 d为1个阶段。试验结果表明:育肥全期,对照组、4 g组和7 g组河西绒山羊平均日增重分别为96.30、172.22和169.82 g·d^-1,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05);屠宰性状,胴体重对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为20.24、24.18和23.90 kg,无显著差异(P>0.05),屠宰率对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为48.86%、51.21%和51.56%,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05),胴体净肉重对照组、4 g组和7 g组分别为12.90、16.27和15.99 kg,4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05);肉质性状,大理石纹4 g组和7 g组分别显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4 g组和7 g组无显著差异(P>0.05),pH、熟肉率、失水率、嫩度、蒸煮损失对照组、4 g组、7 g组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮中添加牛至油可以显著提高河西绒山羊的育肥性能,本试验日粮中添加4 g宜生饲宝(含牛至精油52 mg)效果最佳。     

Effects of photoperiod on circadian clock genes in skin contribute to the regulation of hair follicle cycling of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats

This study investigated how the effects of photoperiod on circadian clock genes in the skin contribute to the regulation of hair follicle cycling of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. Twenty‐four female (non‐pregnant) Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats aged 1 ? 1.5 years old with similar live weights (mean, 20.36 ± 2.63 kg) were randomly allocated into two groups: a natural daily photoperiod group (NDPP group:10 ? 16 hr Light, n = 12) and a short daily photoperiod group (SDPP group: 7 hr Light:17 hr Dark, n = 12). All goats were housed in individual pens from May 15 to October 15, 2015 and were fed the same diets. We detected the mRNA expression of brain and muscle arnt‐like protein‐1 (Bmal1), circadian locomotor output control kaput (Clock), cryptochrome‐1 (Cry1), period homolog‐1 (Per1) and Rev‐erbα genes in the goat skin. ANOVA revealed a significant 24 hr (10:00 hr, 14:00 hr, 18:00 hr, 22:00 hr, 02:00 hr, 06:00 hr, 10:00 hr) variation between the SDPP and NDPP groups for three months (July, September, and October). In summary, the current results confirm that an intrinsic oscillating molecular clock exists in goat skin, and that the clock is important for potential timing mechanisms at the anagen phase of hair follicles, which would contribute to the regulation mechanisms of hair follicle cell proliferation.     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

辽宁绒山羊全基因组外显子测序研究

本研究应用全外显子捕获测序分析技术构建绒山羊的cDNA文库,研发绒山羊外显子捕获试剂盒进行测序研究。结果共找出9974个突变或SNP位点,其中2组羊中共享的SNP总共4254个,季节性长绒型的群体中独有的SNP有2713个,常年长绒型的群体中独有的SNP有3007个,为常年长绒辽宁绒山羊主效调控基因的QTL定位提供理论依据。     

Effects of tryptophan supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics, serum tryptophan, and related hormone concentrations in cashmere goats

This study was designed to investigate the effects of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on cashmere fiber characteristics and on serum Trp, melatonin (MEL), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine (T(4)) concentrations in cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Thirty-six Liaoning cashmere wether goats were stratified on the basis of body weight (28 ± 0.8 kg) and assigned randomly to 1 of the following 4 rumen-protected Trp treatments: 0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 g per goat per day. The experimental period lasted 137 d. Blood samples were collected monthly during the daytime (8:00 AM) and at night (8:00 PM). Tryptophan supplementation improved cashmere growth rates, cashmere weight, and body weight (P = 0.001) and increased serum Trp levels, nighttime MEL concentrations, IGF-1, and T(3) and T(4) concentrations (P < 0.05). Across the treatments and sampling months, a highly positive correlation between cashmere growth rate and nighttime serum MEL concentrations was observed (r = 0.879, P = 0.001). A moderately negative correlation between cashmere growth rates and serum PRL concentrations during the day and at night (r(day) = -0.645, P = 0.007; r(night) = -0.583, P = 0.018) was observed. A moderately positive correlation between the cashmere growth rate and the daytime serum IGF-1 concentration (r = 0.536, P = 0.032) was observed, and no correlation was found between the cashmere growth rate and the other serum hormone concentrations. These data indicate that changes in serum concentrations of MEL, IGF-1, and PRL are related to cashmere growth in Liaoning cashmere goats during the cashmere fast-growth period. Under the experimental conditions of the current trial, we suggest that Trp may promote cashmere growth by increasing daytime IGF-1 and nighttime MEL secretion.     

Influence of different dietary zinc levels on cashmere growth,plasma testosterone level and zinc status in male Liaoning Cashmere goats

The experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of zinc (Zn) on cashmere growth, plasma testosterone and Zn profile in male Cashmere goats. Twenty‐eight male Liaoning Cashmere goats, 3 years old and body weight at 56.2 ± 2.45 kg, were assigned to four groups. The animals were fed a basal diet containing of 45.9 mg Zn/kg dry matter (DM) basis and supplemented with 0, 20, 40 or 80 mg Zn (reagent grade ZnSO₄·7H₂O) per kg DM for 90 days. There was no significant effect on growth and diameter of cashmere fibre for Zn supplemented in diets. However, the length and growth rate of wool were improved (p < 0.05) with dietary Zn. The length and growth rate of wool were higher (p < 0.05) for the groups supplemented with 40 or 80 mg Zn/kg DM compared with that of 20 mg Zn/kg DM treatment group. Plasma testosterone concentration was increased for Zn supplemented in diets, and the testosterone concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in goats fed on the diet supplemented with 40 or 80 mg Zn/kg DM compared with those fed on basal diet. Plasma Zn concentrations increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary Zn and supplemented with 40 and 80 mg Zn/kg DM groups improved plasma Zn concentration (p < 0.05) more than 20 mg Zn/kg DM group. Fibre Zn content was higher (p < 0.05) in groups supplemented with 40 or 80 mg Zn/kg DM compared with control group, but no difference between Zn‐supplemented groups (p > 0.05). The activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase was increased (p < 0.05) due to dietary Zn supplementation; however, no difference was found between supplemented treatment groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Zn content (45.9 mg Zn/kg DM) in control diet was insufficient for optimal wool growth performance, and we recommended the level of dietary Zn for such goats is 86 mg/kg DM during the breeding season and cashmere fibre growing period.     

IGF-1和IGF-1R基因在辽宁绒山羊皮肤组织中的表达

为了研究类胰岛素生长因子1(IGF-1)和类胰岛素生长因子1受体(IGF-1R)基因在绒山羊绒毛生长不同阶段皮肤组织中的表达差异,试验采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对非产绒期和产绒期辽宁绒山羊皮肤中IGF-1和IGF-1R基因的表达进行了测定。结果表明:辽宁绒山羊皮肤中IGF-1和IGF-1R mRNA的表达量在产绒期均极显著高于非产绒期(P<0.01),产绒期IGF-1、IGF-1RmRNA的表达水平分别是非产绒期的8.30倍和7.49倍。说明IGF-1和IGF-1R基因可能与山羊绒周期性生长有关。     

日粮锰水平对辽宁绒山羊与蛋白质代谢相关的血液指标的影响

为了研究日粮中添加锰对辽宁绒山羊蛋白质代谢的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将24只辽宁绒山羊公羊随机平均分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别饲喂锰含量为20,40,60 mg/kg的日粮,测定了血液中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白、尿素氮含量。结果表明:随着锰含量的增加,谷丙转氨酶活性和总蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),但谷草转氨酶活性未受显著影响(P>0.05)。综合分析认为,含锰60 mg/kg的日粮对促进辽宁绒山羊的蛋白质代谢较为适宜。     

辽宁绒山羊2品系皮肤毛囊周期性变化的比较研究

皮肤切片采用HE染色方法,对辽宁绒山羊常年长绒型品系和季节长绒型品系皮肤表皮厚、真皮厚、次级毛囊和初级毛囊深度、密度,次级毛囊和初级毛囊毛球宽度,S／P值等作了详细统计观察,从形态学方面研究了辽宁绒山羊皮肤毛囊在1年内的变化规律。结果表明：两品系辽宁绒山羊毛囊的兴盛期为4～10月,退行期为11～12月,休止期为1～3月,持续时间分别为7、2、3个月。兴盛期经历时间最长,退行期最短。但在毛囊的退行期,因为大多数毛囊的活性还很高,因此在退行期绒毛仍在生长,特别是在退行前期（10、11月份）还是绒毛的快速生长期。     

绒山羊毛被类型多样性研究进展

根据被毛纤维特征、生长时间和颜色特点等,可将绒山羊分为长毛型和短毛型,粗毛型和细毛型,嵌合型,穗状弯曲型和直绒型,常年长绒型和季节性长绒型,白绒、青绒以及紫绒等不同类型。相较于其他分类,目前对粗毛纤维性状的多样性研究较为丰富,其不同类型与其他重要经济性状具有中等偏下的表型相关和遗传相关,对绒毛经济性状的间接选择具有一定的参考价值。作者根据近年来绒山羊的相关研究资料,探讨了绒山羊毛被类型的多样性及其划分依据的差异,并对绒山羊不同毛被类型的今后研究方向提出了展望和思考,以期为进一步对不同毛被类型的分子生物学研究和新品系选育提供借鉴和理论依据。     

催乳素受体基因mRNA表达与山羊绒毛生长关系的研究

为探讨绒山羊皮肤组织中催乳素受体(prolactin receptor,PRLR)基因mRNA表达水平与绒山羊绒毛生长的关系,通过埋植褪黑激素(me-latonin,MT)刺激绒毛提前生长,利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)技术检测绒山羊从绒毛开始萌发到绒毛快速生长期间皮肤组织中PRLR基因mRNA表达量的变化。结果显示:在内蒙古白绒山羊皮肤中总的催乳素受体(T-PRLR)基因mRNA表达量从6至11月逐渐降低,而MT埋植组的短型催乳素受体(S-PRLR)mRNA表达水平在绒毛快速生长的7、8、9月份显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,山羊绒毛生长可能与S-PRLR mRNA表达水平升高有直接的关系。     

辽宁绒山羊卵泡闭锁中颗粒细胞凋亡特点的研究

本试验采用TUNEL原位法和DNA梯度电泳法等方法对卵巢上闭锁卵泡中凋亡的颗粒细胞类型和分布状况等进行研究。结果表明，辽宁绒山羊闭锁卵泡是细胞凋亡引起的。DNA梯状电泳表明，不同健康程度卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡程度不同；而颗粒细胞TUNEL原位标记表明，健康卵泡、轻度闭锁卵泡及闭锁卵泡中颗粒细胞凋亡比例分别为13.21%±1.23％、32.13%±2.13％、51.31%±3.02％；不同健康程度卵泡中类固醇激素水平不同，健康卵泡中E2水平较高，孕酮浓度较低；闭锁卵泡中E2浓度较低，P4浓度较高，健康、轻度闭锁和闭锁三类卵泡中E2/P4比值分别是2.62±0.03、0.074±0.0003、0.028±0.0004。