基于圆筒瞬态热流法的短粒型稻谷导温系数的测定

根据圆筒瞬态热流法的理论模型 ,利用自制的导温系数测定仪 ,对产于我国南方地区的短粒型稻谷的导温系数进行了测定 ,并研究了含水率对稻谷导温系数的影响。结果显示 ,在 2 0～ 80℃的温度范围内 ,对于含水率在 6 .4 8%～ 19.8%的稻谷 ,其导温系数与含水率之间不具有线性相关性。置信度为 95 %时 ,短粒型稻谷的导温系数为 (0 .14 6± 0 .0 0 3)μm2 / s。     

含水率对稻谷机械特性的影响

测定了江苏省主要稻谷品种武育粳3号在不同含水率下的三轴尺寸（长、宽、高）、千粒质量、自然休止角以及与铁板、中密度板、PVC板的摩擦因数.分析了稻谷含水率对其机械特性的影响,并通过回归分析建立了稻谷含水率与其三轴尺寸、千粒质量、自然休止角之间的数学模型.研究结果表明,稻谷的三轴尺寸、千粒质量、自然休止角均随着含水率的增加而增大.其中,稻谷的千粒质量、自然休止角与含水率间呈线性变化;随着含水率的增加,稻谷与铁板的摩擦因数呈线性增大,而与中密度板及PVC板间的摩擦因数则呈现先降后升的变化规律.     

含水率对土壤热物性参数影响的试验研究

土壤的导热系数、比热容和热扩散系数是表征其传热和蓄热的最重要热物性参数,是土壤热性质研究的重要内容。基于准稳态导热理论的平板仪法,对常用沙土的上述3种热物性参数进行了实验研究。结果表明:在土样未到达饱和状态时,导热系数、比热容、热扩散系数均随含水率的增加而增加,从含水率为0%增加到5%时的增幅最大。导热系数和热扩散系数随土壤质地类别和含水率的变化而变化,比热容的大小主要随含水率的变化而变化。平板仪测出的导热系数较热探针测出的值略微偏大,但两种方法测出的误差小于5%的数据占总数的97%,两种方法对土壤的应用等效。     

稻谷籽粒内部热湿传递三维适体数学模型研究

针对稻谷热风干燥过程中出现爆腰,而其机理又尚未明确的问题,以图像法构建稻谷籽粒三维适体网格,TPS法测定导热系数,逆推法计算水分有效扩散系数,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件模拟计算热风干燥过程中稻谷籽粒内部的温度和水分分布,并与实验结果对比。结果表明:三维适体数学模型具有较高的精度,干燥过程中稻谷籽粒干基含水率模拟数据与实验数据最大误差低于8%;稻谷籽粒内部温度和水分分布梯度沿径向(短轴)比沿轴向(长轴)大,且水分梯度维持时间远大于温度梯度;沿籽粒径向由外表面至中心1/3长度内的水分梯度较径向其它部分的水分梯度大,与实验观察的爆腰由籽粒表面向内扩展相吻合。研究结果为准确预测籽粒内部的干燥应力,揭示稻谷爆腰机理提供了基础。     

稻谷籽粒内部热湿传递三维适体数学模型

针对稻谷热风干燥过程中的爆腰现象,而其机理又尚未明确的问题,以图像法构建稻谷籽粒三维适体网格,TPS法测定导热系数,逆推法计算水分有效扩散系数,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件模拟计算热风干燥过程中稻谷籽粒内部的温度和水分分布,并与实验结果对比。结果表明:三维适体数学模型具有较高的精度,干燥过程中稻谷籽粒干基含水率模拟数据与实验数据最大误差低于8%;稻谷籽粒内部温度和水分分布梯度沿径向(短轴)比沿轴向(长轴)大,且水分梯度维持时间远大于温度梯度;沿籽粒径向由外表面至中心1/3长度内的水分梯度较径向其它部分的水分梯度大,与实验观察的爆腰由籽粒表面向内扩展相吻合。研究结果为准确预测籽粒内部的干燥应力,揭示稻谷爆腰机理提供了基础。     

稻谷热特性参数的试验测定

采用非稳态热流法测定不同含水率稻谷的热导率和热扩散系数，进而求出比热容。研究了稻谷热特性参数与含水率的关系，结果表明，热导率、热扩散系数和比热容与稻谷含水率呈良好的线性关系。     

探针法测量农副产品导热系数的研究

用探针法测量材料的导热系数，测量过程中试样温升小，测试时间短，适合于 类高含水量物体的测量。介绍了探针法的原理，方法及的制作技术，并讨论了测试数据的处理方法。     

混合农业物料的导热系数研究

农业物料的导热系数是影响其深加工的关键因数之一,本文利用非稳态热探针法测量玉米粉和其它7种饲料加工中常用的农业物料的导热系数,并讨论玉米粉与这几种农业物料按重量比例混合后的导热系数变化规律.通过对试验数据的分析,总结出导热系数变化的计算公式.     

贮藏稻谷霉菌菌落总数近红外光谱预测模型

贮藏稻谷常受到霉菌和毒素的侵染会引起稻谷品质下降,严重危害稻谷贮藏安全。近红外光谱技术具备非破坏性、分析速度快、成本低、稳定性好及污染小等优点,适合于稻谷中霉菌菌落总数快速检测。为此,构建了基于近红外光谱的稻谷霉菌和毒素检测数学模型。通过模拟稻谷贮藏试验,建立了贮藏环境温度和含水率对稻谷表面霉菌菌落总数影响规律的数学模型,该模型可以描述和预测稻谷表面霉菌菌落总数在贮藏仓内的变化规律,以指导稻谷安全贮藏。     

稻谷固定床深层干燥的计算机模拟

针对稻谷固定床深层间歇干燥过程中的加热和缓苏两个阶段建立了数学模型，用C语言编制了相应的运算程序。用该模型计算了不同干燥介质温度和湿度、不同粮食初始含水率和温度条件下，不同层厚处稻谷的含水率和温度，计算结果与试验结果基本相符。     

Thermal properties of gram

Values of specific heat, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of rewetted whole grain were found. The specific heat of the grain shows a nonlinear relationship both with temperature and moisture content in the range of 292 to 308 K and 12·4 to 32·4% d.b. respectively, resulting in a second-order multiple regression equation. Bulk thermal conductivity increases both with increase in temperature and moisture content in the ranges 283 to 312 K and 11·5 to 27·2% respectively and was found to vary from 0·114 to 0·247 W/m K. Thermal diffusivity increases with increase in moisture content and decreases with increase in temperature in the temperature and moisture ranges of 293 to 307 K and 12·5 to 26·5% respectively, and its value lies between 9·46 × 10⁻⁸ to 16·35 × 10⁻⁸ m²/s.     

稻谷固定床式深层干燥试验研究

以木反和通风板构建一台面积22．3m^2的固定床干燥机，采用燃油直接燃烧加热的方式对谷物进行干燥。在不同的热风温度、稻谷初始含水率及总厚度条件下，测定了稻谷干燥的均匀性、各层稻谷的温升曲线和干燥曲线，分析了干燥参数对干燥床性能的影响。研究表明：沿层厚方向存在显著的温度梯度，干燥逐层进行。热风温度越高、总厚度越大，分层干燥现象越明显。在定风量的条件下，热风温度要对干燥的热量消耗无明显影响；总厚度增加、稻谷初含水率降低，干燥的热量消耗呈降低趋势。     

稻谷多场协同干燥系统设计与试验

为了提高稻谷的干燥效率、加快稻谷的干燥速率及改善稻谷的干燥品质,基于稻谷水分结合能的变化特征,设计了一种红外线热辐射、逆混流引风、多场协同干燥系统,能够强化稻谷表面传热,实现了闪蒸降温干燥,改善了稻谷干燥效果。试验结果表明:红外线热辐射和逆混流引风干燥可使稻谷的干燥温度较传统的横流干燥方法降低11℃,平均去水速率提高2倍以上,爆腰增率可控制在1%以下。研究结果为实现稻谷优质、高效、节能干燥和工艺装备开发提供了参考。     

Estimation of Moisture Diffusivity Coefficient and Thermal Properties of Alfalfa Pellets

Heat and mass transfer characteristics of alfalfa pellets are needed in the optimization of coolers for freshly-made pellets and in managing storage schedules of the pellets in silos and bins. Moisture diffusivity and thermal properties are important parameters used to characterize the heat and mass transfer ability of a material. In this study, experimental thin-layer data on (a) moisture desorption, (b) moisture absorption and (c) rate of heating of alfalfa pellets were collected. By applying the inverse theory and using second order mass transfer and heat transfer equations in cylindrical coordinates, the moisture absorption and desorption data were used to estimate the moisture diffusivity as a function of moisture content of the pellets while the heating rate data were used to estimate the thermal properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat) as a function of pellet temperature.Better estimates were obtained when moisture diffusivity of the pellets was exponentially related to moisture content in comparison with a linear relation between moisture diffusivity and moisture content. Moisture diffusivity during desorption (2·40×10^-9to 4·12×10^-9 m²/s) was about three times that of the values of diffusivity during moisture absorption (7·50×10^-10to 1·26×10^-9 m²/s). A good fit to the experimental heating rate data was obtained when thermal conductivity and specific heat of the pellets were linearly related to temperature. Over a temperature range of 2 to 110°C, estimated particle thermal conductivities and specific heats of the pellets were in the range of 0·04 to 0·19 W/m K and from 962 to 2114 J/kg K respectively.     

基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺研究

为保证稻谷干燥后品质、提高干燥效率,基于不同含水率稻谷的玻璃化转变温度,提出变温热风干燥工艺。采用三因素五水平中心组合试验方法,以稻谷温度、初始含水率和热风风速为影响因素,以稻谷爆腰指数、整精米率和干燥时间为评价指标,研究稻谷玻璃化转变温度、恒温和变温干燥特性,模拟解析稻谷干燥过程中传热传质规律,以5、10、15℃的变温幅度进行变温干燥试验。结果表明,稻谷玻璃化转变温度与其含水率呈负相关,恒温干燥最佳工艺参数为稻谷温度47℃、初始含水率22.0%、热风风速0.50 m/s,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数70、整精米率57.67%、干燥时间195 min;与恒温干燥相比,以5℃和10℃为变温幅度的变温干燥工艺,干燥后稻谷爆腰指数分别降低了20和10,整精米率提高12.6、7.7个百分点,干燥时间缩短30 min和60 min。研究表明,基于玻璃化转变的稻谷变温热风干燥工艺明显改善了稻谷干燥后品质,提高了干燥效率。     

Geospatial estimation of soil moisture in rain-fed paddy fields using SCS-CN-based model

Paddy fields are characterized by standing water and saturation condition during the entire crop growth period. However, in sub-humid and semi-arid areas, scarce rainfall and intermittent dry spells often cause soil moisture depletion resulting in unsaturated condition in the fields. These distinctive characteristics of the paddy fields have significant influence on the runoff generation and soil moisture retention characteristics of the watershed. In this study, the objective is to extend the application of the Soil Conservation Services Curve Number (SCS-CN)-based models for the geospatial and temporal simulation of soil moisture to paddy field-dominated agricultural watersheds in the water scarce areas. Different SCS-CN-based models, integrated with the soil moisture balance equation, are used to estimate the surface runoff and soil moisture content wherein, the spatial variation in the soil hydraulic characteristics is used to calculate the geospatial variation in soil moisture content. Physical significance of the terms initial abstraction (I_a) and potential maximum retention (S) in these models and their influence on the estimation of runoff and soil moisture are analysed in detail. A new SCS-CN-based model for soil moisture simulation (SCS-CN-SMS), to improve the soil moisture estimation, is proposed in this paper. The proposed model is built up on the soil moisture balance equation to account for the effect of ponding condition and soil moisture variation between the dry and saturation condition. The method is tested with 3 years observed surface runoff data and crop production statistics from a part of the Gandeshwari sub-watershed in West Bengal, India. The entire study area is divided into cells of 20 m × 20 m. Various components of the soil moisture balance equation are estimated for each cell as a function of the soil moisture content. Remote Sensing Technique and Geographic Information System (GIS) are used to extract and integrate the spatially distributed land use and soil characteristics. The Hortonion overland flow concept adopted in the SCS-CN method is used to estimate the soil hydraulic characteristics of each cell in which the curve number is used to infer the spatial variation of the land use and soil characteristics. Even though the original SCS-CN method and the existing modified versions are efficient for runoff estimation, these models are found to be inappropriate for the estimation of soil moisture distribution. On the other hand, the proposed SCS-CN-SMS model gives better results for both runoff and soil moisture simulation and is, therefore, more suitable for the hydrological modeling of paddy field-dominated agricultural watersheds.     

番茄果实热导率测试装置参数实

微热探针法测试热导率系统已被广泛应用于食品材料热导率的测试中.但是,由于实验条件或实验设备的限制,基于理想的线热源瞬态模型测量原理得到的结果会产生某些测试误差.针对测试误差,从探针输入电压、加热时间和样品的径向尺寸等装置操作参数的选择着手,通过实验,得到装置系统测定中输入电压的最佳值为2.5～6.5V、加热时间最佳值为20～50s.最后通过实际测试,得到了番茄果实在不同成熟阶段的热导率变化规律.