贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶DRIS营养诊断分析

通过对都匀1．5代无性系种子园20年生马尾松针叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B等营养元素含量变化的测定和分析,初步筛选出N／P、K／N、Ca／N、Mg／N、N／Cu、zn／N、N／Fe、K／P、Ca／P、P／Mg、P／Cu、P／Zn、Fe／P、K／Ca、K／Mg、K／Cu、K／Zn、Fe／K、Ca／Mg、Ca／Cu、Ca／Zn、Fe／Ca、MgJCu、Zn／Mg、Fe／Mg、Zn／Cu、Fe／Cu、Fe／Zn共28对元素比值为重要参数,对贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶作DRIS营养诊断分析。结果表明,该地区马尾松针叶内Mn含量过高,平均值为767．01mg／kg,而B含量较低,仅为12．95mg／kg,马尾松的需肥顺序为Cu〉P〉Zn〉Mg〉Ca〉N〉K〉Fe。     

百山祖冷杉枝叶主要营养元素特征分析

应用原子吸收光谱法测定了百山祖冷杉枝和针叶中K、Na、Cu、Ca、Zn、Fe、Mg、Mn 8种营养元素的含量,结果表明,百山祖冷杉枝和针叶中均含有所测的K、Cu、Ca、Zn、Fe、Mg、Mn等元素,但未检出Na元素;其含量为CaKMgZnFeMnCuNa。与大多数植物体正常生长发育的元素含量范围值相比较,百山祖冷杉枝和针叶中K含量分别为2 967.68~5 585.95、4 036.13~5 194.30 mg/kg,均低于临界值,针叶中Cu含量2.58~4.70 mg/kg,略低于一般植物水平,枝部Zn、Mn含量及针叶Mn含量则均处于较高水平。     

冰冻灾害前后矿区废弃地栾树杜英混交林生态系统养分含量的比较

对冰冻灾害前后湖南湘潭锰矿矿区废弃地的栾树、杜英混交林生态系统的地表水、土壤、林木及死地被物的养分含量进行对比研究.结果表明:冰冻灾害后,林地地表水的pH值、电导率、溶解氧、K、Ca、Mg含量明显减少,Zn、Mn、Pb含量显著增加;林内土壤含水量、全P、全K含量显著增加,速效N、速效P、速效K含量明显减少,微量元素Cu、Pb、Co含量增加,Fe、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni含量减少;林木枝、叶、干中含水量均显著减少,树干中N、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Co含量增加,树枝和树叶中P、K、Mg减少,而Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Co含量却增加;林地上的死地被物中K、Mg在各组分(未分解、半分解、已分解)含量降低,Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Co含量增加.可为突发性自然干扰对植物生命活动的影响及抗御机理的研究提供基础数据.     

杉木幼龄林叶片营养元素含量与林木生长的相关性

本文重点论述丘陵立地条件下 ,1、2代杉木幼龄林高生长、当年高生长、胸径生长与叶片中营养元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Mn、Zn、Fe含量的相关关系 ,进而从林木营养这个角度 ,为提高林木产量、防治地力衰退提供可靠的科学依据。研究结果表明 :2代杉木幼龄林生长与N、P、Mg、Cu、Mn、Fe含量呈密切的正相关。 1代杉木幼龄林生长虽与P、Mg、Cu、Mn、Fe含量呈正相关 ,但复相关系数数值偏低。也就是说土壤养分含量尚没有明显影响 1代杉木幼龄林正常生长     

西藏色季拉山冷杉林木根系营养元素的特征分析

西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉根系的养分总含量在不同方向的大小顺序为:南＞西＞东＞北,其中N、K、Fe、Mn等元素的含量差异显著;不同粗度级的根系,养分含量差异较大,养分总含量大小顺序为细根＞中根＞粗根,细根的总养分含量是粗根的1.46倍,其中N、Mg、Fe、Mn元素的规律性较强;随根系长度的增加,养分总含量也在增加,特别是在细根中,这种趋势尤为明显;单株林木根系养分贮量受生物量的大小和养分含量的高低影响,养分贮量的分布顺序是中根＞粗根＞细根,各元素在根系中的贮量大小依次为:N＞K＞Mg＞Ca＞Mn＞P＞Cu＞Na＞Fe＞Zn,贮量范围在1.13～165.21 g之间.单位面积冷杉林木根系中大量元素贮量与华山松、锐齿栎和油松相比,只有N元素贮量高于华山松,Mg元素贮量高于华山松和油松,其它元素均低于这些树种.     

枣树叶片营养元素含量的季节变化动态的研究

本文研究了枣树叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu、Fe、Zn9种营养元素含量的季节变化动态规律。结果表明:全N的含量在初花期以前随着叶龄的增大而迅速降低。在初花期至幼果发育前期较稳定且较低,在幼果发育中期迅速增高,采收后逐渐下降;全P和全K的含量随着叶龄的增加而减小,至叶片成熟后则较稳定;Ca和Mn的含量随着叶龄的增加而迅速增高;Fe的含量在初花期出现低谷,从盛花期到果实发育中期处于稳定的高水平状态,果实进入白熟后逐渐下降,采果后则变动不显著;Mn、Cu和Zn3元素含量的变化趋势与N素水平密切相关;施尿素显著地提高了大多数物候期中叶片全N和Mn的含量,也显著地降低了大多数物侯期中叶片全P、全K和Zn的含量:在年生长周期内,各营养元素的叶分析诊断大多数有2个适宜的采叶时期。     

百山祖冷杉枝叶营养元素含量与适生立地土壤养分关系分析

研究了百山祖冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis)分布区适生立地表层土壤养分及其与百山祖冷杉枝叶营养元素含量的相关性.结果表明,土壤pH5.11～6.42,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量分别为119.075 0g/kg、2.196 2g/kg、15.016 3mg/kg、136.215 2mg/kg;百山祖冷杉对土壤N、P、K富集能力均较高,而对微量元素富集能力较弱,且枝部和针叶均未检出Na元素;较高的土壤N含量,可相应显著提高百山祖冷杉叶N、K含量水平,较高的土壤P含量,则显著抑制百山祖冷杉叶对K和枝对N的积累水平,较高的土壤Cu含量显著降低了Cu元素在叶器官中的积累,而显著增加了枝条中Cu和Zn的积累水平,较高的土壤Fe含量则显著促进了针叶中Fe元素和枝中Fe、Mn元素的积累水平.     

第二代杉木林速生阶段微量元素含量与分布

分析了第2代杉木林速生阶段生态系统内各组分微量元素的含量和分布,及杉木各组分微量元素含量与土壤中微量元素含量的相关性.结果表明土壤中微量元素含量高低依次为Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu,死地被物层中(除Mn外)Fe、Cu、Zn含量均低于土壤中的含量,且含量大小顺序为Mn＞Fe＞Zn＞Cu;草本层中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量普遍高于灌木层;杉木叶片中微量元素含量与杉木的生长级无关,而与叶龄有关.在杉木各器官中,微量元素含量的排列顺序为叶＞枝＞皮＞根＞干.杉木对不同微量元素的吸收系数有明显的差异,对Mn的生物吸收系数最高,平均为1.744,杉木是富集Mn的植物.     

马尾松人工幼林营养综合诊断

采用 DRIS 诊断法对广西 6~8 a 生马尾松 Pinus massoniana 人工幼林高、低产组针叶进行营 养诊断，测定 10 种矿质营养元素 (N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn 和 B) 的含量，探讨马尾松人 工幼林养分需求规律，制定马尾松人工幼林养分平衡诊断标准。结果表明：广西马尾松人工幼林的需肥 顺序为 P ＞ B ＞ K ＞ Zn ＞ N ＞ Mn ＞ Mg ＞ Fe ＞ Ca ＞ Cu，最缺乏的元素是 P，其次是 B、K、N、 Zn，最不缺乏的是 Ca、Cu。针叶 N、P、K 元素浓度比值范围为 N/P = 12.81 ±3.75、N/K = 2.62±0.30、 P/K=0.22±0.08。 马 尾 松 工 幼 林 叶 片 养 分 适 宜 范 围 为：N 9.36~15.44、P 0.72~1.29、K 3.84~5.63、Ga 3.65~5.63、Mg 0.31~1.53 g · kg-1、Cu 2.14~3.01、Zn 20.66~66.42、Fe 30.26~203.19、Mn 330.02~561.38、 B1.13~15.71 mg · kg-1。根据该诊断标准可有效诊断马尾松针叶营养元素丰缺程度，指导林农“对症下 药”，实现精准施肥。     

‘奥斯特’北美冬青叶片主要营养元素含量的年变化规律研究

以7年生‘奥斯特’北美冬青为试验材料,测定叶片中N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn,Cu,B元素含量,分析叶片主要营养元素年动态变化规律,为树体营养诊断和合理施肥提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)叶片中营养元素含量高低为NKPCaMnMgZnFeBCu;(2)随着时间推移,叶片中各营养元素年动态变化出现规律性波动,其中N,P,K,Cu含量总体呈下降趋势,Ca,Mg,Mn,Fe,Zn,B含量总体呈上升趋势。初步认为:N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu元素营养诊断可在8月7日到8月26日期间进行,Mn,B元素可提前至6月26日到7月16日期间进行。     

Rapid living crown reduction caused by Gremmeniella abietina affects foliar nutrient concentrations of Scots pine

The foliar chemistry of diseased and healthy trees was studied one growing season after severe reduction in living crown caused by Gremmeniella abietina in four young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands. Sample trees were chosen pairwise on the basis of the living crown length: a diseased tree with about 50% live crown reduction and a healthy tree in each pair. Fifteen elements were determined in the youngest healthy needles on the lateral top shoots of each sample tree. Diseased trees had higher foliar boron, manganese and sodium concentrations and lower magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, potassium, nitrogen and sulphur concentrations compared to the healthy trees. Foliar calcium, aluminium, phosphorus, carbon and hydrogen concentrations did not differ between the diseased and healthy trees, except for P and A1 in two of the stands when the stands were analysed separately. Significant correlations between the needle element concentrations and crown ratio (length of the living crown/tree height) were found especially for B (increasing B with decreasing crown ratio) and for Mg, Fe and Zn (decreasing concentrations with decreasing crown ratio). The effect of G. abietina-induced living crown reduction on tree nutrient status and the role of these mineral nutrients in the susceptibility are discussed.     

不同树龄库尔勒香梨叶片养分特征分析

为了掌握不同树龄库尔勒香梨树体的养分平衡特征,从而为库尔勒香梨园的科学施肥提供技术指导,选择新疆特色果树库尔勒香梨作为研究对象,测定了不同树龄段库尔勒香梨叶片的养分含量,并统计分析了其叶片养分含量的变化特征。结果表明:库尔勒香梨叶片中的氮含量随着树龄的增加而减小,钾含量随着树龄的增加而增大,磷、镁含量均随着树龄的增加先减小后增大,钙含量随着树龄的增加先增大后减小,铁、锰、铜、锌的含量均随着树龄的增加而表现出增加—减小—增加的变化趋势;不同树龄段之间,随着库尔勒香梨树龄的增加叶片氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、铜含量间的差异均逐渐减小,而其钙含量间的差异却显著,镁、锌含量间的差异不显著;不同树龄段库尔勒香梨叶片养分含量的变化表现基本一致,叶片氮、磷、镁、铜、锌的含量均处于梨叶片营养元素适宜含量范围内,钾、铁含量均高于梨叶片营养元素适宜含量的上限值,锰含量低于梨叶片营养元素适宜含量的下限值,钙含量处于梨叶片营养元素缺乏状态。     

酸雨对杨树生长和木材化学性质的影响

对受酸雨危害和未受酸雨危害杨树的年轮宽度和木材化学性质的对比研究表明：酸雨对杨树生长和木材化学性质产生了明显的影响。酸雨会导致树木生长减缓,年轮宽度变窄,受害材的年轮宽度较健康材相对降低１２．６７％。受害材与健康材的ｐＨ值无明显差异,酸、碱缓冲容量有显著差异。与健康材相比,受害材的戊聚糖和木质素含量相对升高１．４３％和３．７２％,而综纤维素的含量相对减少３．４５％,灰分的含量相对减少８．３４％。受     

Foliar mineral composition, fertilization and dieback of Norway spruce in the Belgian Ardennes

Needles from healthy Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at Willerzie in the West Ardennes and from trees with symptoms of dieback at Langesthal in the East Ardennes were analyzed by age class for mineral composition. Both stands were on acid oligotrophic soils. At Willerzie, needles were sampled from plots fertilized 12 to 17 years earlier (dolomitic lime plus N, P and K) as well as unfertilized plots. Effects of fertilization included increased levels of calcium, manganese, phosphorus, and copper and reduced levels of total sulfur, sulfate-S, sulfate-S:total S, potassium and aluminum. Levels of calcium, magnesium, copper and boron were low at both sites and, at Langesthal, calcium and magnesium may have been deficient. Sulfur level was normal at Willerzie, but at Langesthal, mean sulfur content for needles of all age classes was 198 mg 100 g(-1) dry weight, a level that may be toxic. In older needles, the N:S ratio at Langesthal was below the threshold value of eight reported to be necessary for healthy growth. Other symptoms of stress observed were high sulfate-S:total S and nitrate-N:total N ratios. At Langesthal, manganese level was probably adequate although only one-fifth the level at Willerzie. Levels of aluminum and iron were very high at both sites. Most of the iron and much of the aluminum occurred as a surface deposit that could be removed by washing the needles in chloroform.     

Needle nutrient status of Sirococcus shoot blight‐diseased and healthy Norway spruces

In this study the needle nutrient status of Sirococcus shoot blight‐diseased and healthy Norway spruces (Picea abies) was investigated. Element contents were determined in the current year and 3‐year‐old needles collected in December 2000 from 72 mature trees randomly distributed in the investigated stand. Half of the trees were severely affected by Sirococcus conigenus and had a reduced crown whereas the other trees were unaffected and vigorous. Compared with the uninfected trees, contents of Mg, Ca, P and Mn were significantly lower in the current year and 3‐year‐old needles of diseased trees. Furthermore, analyses of the nutrient contents of needles from severely affected trees revealed insufficient Mg and Ca supply and enhanced N/Mg and N/Ca ratios, when compared with threshold values. The results of this study suggest that imbalanced tree nutrition either has a significant impact on the expression of Sirococcus disease symptoms or fungal infection itself is affecting needle nutrient contents.     

影响市区樟树黄化病的主要因素研究

对合肥市区樟树黄化病与立地条件关系进行了调查研究,并对不同程度的病株叶片营养成分进行了分析,结果表明:樟树黄化原因复杂多样,主要原因是pH值过高导致土壤中的有效铁不能被根系吸收;其他原因如地表水泥覆盖过度、土壤密度过大、污染严重、土壤营养条件不良等因素构成.在土壤矿质元素中,黄化程度与速效K、B、Cu、Zn的含量呈正相关;与有机质、有效Fe、速效N、速效P、Mn等元素含量呈负相关.在樟树叶片营养元素中,速效N、Zn、Fe和Mn含量随着黄化程度的增加而下降;S、Ca、B和Cu的含量随着病害的加重而增加.     

酸雨对杨树木材性质的影响

受酸雨危害和未受酸雨危害的杨树木材性质的对比表明：酸雨对杨树生长和木材性质产生显著的影响。与未受危害的健康材相比,危害材的木素和戊聚糖含量相对升高３．７２％和１．４３％,而综纤维素的含量相对减少３．４５％,热水抽出热,苯－醇抽出物和１％ＮａＯＨ抽出物含量明显高于健康材。     

Cystein und Glutathion in gesunden und SO2-geschädigten Fichtennadeln

Cysteine and glutathione in healthy and SO₂ damaged spruce needles. SO₂ damaged and healthy spruce needles were analysed for water soluble SH groups. Total SH content was mainly due to glutathione with some cysteine. Increased cysteine content was found only in old needles. Total content of SH groups fluctuates seasonally in the same way in both healthy and damaged needles. SO₂ damaged needles, however, always contain more SH-groups than healthy needles except immediately after flushing.     

Co‐occurrence of the ascomycete Lophodermium piceae and the rust fungus Chrysomyxa abietis in Norway spruce needles

The frequency of needles and the proportion of needle segments infected by Lophodermium piceae were compared in symptomless and Chrysomyxa abietis‐infected, 1‐year‐old needles of Picea abies. In late spring, symptomless needles from both rust‐infected and healthy saplings were sampled. In addition, rust‐infected, totally chlorotic needles and needles with chlorosis along about half their length from the diseased trees were examined. In all three stands, the proportion of segments infected by L. piceae was larger in the rust‐infected half of the needle than in the symptomless half; but the difference was statistically significant in only one of the stands. The proportion of L. piceae‐infected segments among the nonrust‐infected needles was the same as that found for the uninfected half of rust‐infected needles (after correction for size differences). No differences in the proportion of L. piceae‐infected segments were found between the totally chlorotic, rust‐infected needles and the green needles of diseased or healthy trees.     

失叶对油松抗赤松毛虫的影响及其防治策略

本文研究了不同失叶量、不同季节失叶、不同叶龄对油松(Pinus tabulaefo-rmis)叶的光合、蒸腾、叶绿素、淀粉、可溶性糖及油松生长与抗性的影响,还研究了油松的贮藏营养物质。结果表明:30％失叶量能提高树势与对赤松毛虫的抗性;油松的贮藏营养是脂肪,主要贮存于叶内,新叶的营养制造与贮存大于老叶;油松失新叶后所抽的梢比失老叶后的短,光合、蒸腾及树势与抗性更弱;为增强树势与抗性,新叶是应重点保护的对象;赤松毛虫(Dendrolimus spectabilis)幼龄幼虫主要危害新叶,取食新叶死亡率低,体重增长率大,为保护新叶与树势,应抓紧对幼龄幼虫的防治。