种公鸡体重和体躯结构对精液品质及受精率的影响

１材料和方法１ １试验动物和试验设计每组种公鸡对应设置一组随机抽取的笼养种母鸡１５０只 ,进行人工授精。１ ２精液品质的测定包括精液量、ｐＨ值、精子活力、精子密度、精子数。１ ３每隔５ｄ人工授精一次通过标记种蛋 ,并同机孵化 ,１１ｄ照蛋 ,检出无精蛋。１ ４试验过程中进行日常饲养管理。２结果与讨论２ １体重对种公鸡精液品质和受精率的影响由表１可知 :１３６日龄种公鸡体重在２．０５～２．５０ｋｇ时 ,射精量多 ,精子活力和精液密度大 ,受精率较高。３６８日龄种公鸡体重在２．７５～２．９５ｋｇ内 ,精液品质较好 ,受精率…     

“豫粉1号H系”公鸡精液品质与繁殖性能相关性研究

为探究“豫粉1号H系”公鸡精液品质与繁殖性状的关系及准确评价其精液品质的质量,试验对45周龄公鸡的精液品质和受精率、孵化情况进行测定分析。结果显示：精液pH与受精率、健雏率呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,精子密度与受精率、受精蛋孵化率、健雏率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,精子活力与受精率、健雏率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与孵化率呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。主成分分析法提取的两个主成分因子累积方差贡献率达到65.821%。结果表明,精液pH、精子活力和精子密度直接影响公鸡的繁殖性能,且是衡量精液品质的重要指标。     

蜂花粉对公鸡体重和精液品质的影响

试验选用44只48周龄的新扬州公鸡，随机分成4组，每组11只，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5、1.0、1.5%的蜂花粉。探讨蜂花粉对种公鸡体重和精液品质的影响，试验结果表明：日粮中添加1.0、1.5%的蜂花粉后，显著提高公鸡的精液量、精子活力和精子密度，显著降低精子畸形率，而对精液的PH值影响不明显；同时可以缓解高温应激造成的鸡体重下降的现象。     

不同蛋白质来源对公鸡采精量和精液品质的影响

:4 5周龄的蛋肉兼用新扬州鸡种公鸡 2 4只 ,随机分为 3组 ,随机接受以下 3种处理 :1 .低水平Lys、Met(豆粕 +玉米型日粮 ) ,2 .在 1基础上添加适量Lys、Met,3.以鱼粉替代部分豆粕添加适量Lys、Met。研究不同Lys、Met水平 ,不同蛋白质来源日粮对公鸡采精量以及对精液品质的影响。结果表明 :低水平的Lys、Met日粮对公鸡的精子密度、有效精子有显著影响 (P <0 .0 5) ,对采精量以及精液品质的其它指标影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。不同的蛋白质来源、相同的蛋白质水平对公鸡的采精量及精液品质的影响差异不显著     

中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质的影响

选用80只50周龄尼克T种公鸡随机分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组16只。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组为对照组,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮添加鸡蛋,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮的基础上添加1%、2%、3%中草药复方添加剂的日粮,研究中草药复方添加剂对繁殖后期种公鸡精液品质的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加中草药复方添加剂能显著提高种公鸡的精液量和精子活力,降低精子畸形率,其中2%添加组效果最明显。说明在繁殖后期种公鸡日粮中添加一定量的中草药复方添加剂可以显著提高种公鸡的精液品质。     

快慢羽基因对崇仁麻鸡精液品质的影响

通过对崇仁麻鸡快羽品系和慢羽品系的公鸡的精液品质测定，结果显示快羽和慢羽公鸡在精液品质方面无显著差异，表明快慢羽基因不影响崇仁麻鸡公鸡的精液品质。     

种公鸡精液品质性状与表型性状相关性研究进展

在现代家禽生产中,种公鸡的选择和高效利用对于鸡产业的发展和良种品系的建立至关重要。精液品质是种公鸡重要的繁殖性状,是选择良种公鸡的重要指标。精液品质的测定费时费力,研究精液品质与表型性状的相关性,可为精液品质的间接选择提供理论依据。文章综述了家禽精液品质与表型性状相关性的研究进展,并对其实际应用进行了展望,以期为家禽生产需要和遗传改良提供参考。     

种公鸡精液品质营养调控的研究进展

种公鸡在种鸡生产中占有重要地位,其精液品质的好坏直接影响种鸡场的繁殖效率。几种生物活性物质对种公鸡精子质量、氧化损伤、生殖激素和相关分子网络具有调节作用。本文简述了不同生物活性物质对种公鸡繁殖性能的影响及其作用机理,为全面了解生物活性物质对种公鸡繁殖性能的调控作用及在种鸡生产中的应用提供理论参考。     

镜检公鸡精液的注意事项及应用

公鸡在精液品质方面彼此间存在很大差异，据统计只有1／3～1／2的公鸡其精液品质良好。精液品质的好坏，受其各项生理指标的综合影响。     

中草药复方汤剂对笼养种公鸡精液品质影响的研究

选取80羽26周龄、体重相近的父母代安卡红种公鸡随机分成4组,每组20羽,研究中草药汤剂对种公鸡精液品质的影响。结果表明:种公鸡饮水中添加中草药汤剂,能显著提高种公鸡采精量和精子活力,显著提高种公鸡精子密度,显著降低精子畸形率,提高种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率,其中中剂量组效果最明显。在种公鸡饮水中适量添加中草药汤剂可显著改善种公鸡的精液品质,从而提高每羽种公鸡可利用的有效精子数,进而提高生产效益。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。