鸭源新城疫病毒单克隆抗体的研制

<正>新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的禽类的一种高度接触性、烈性传染病,给世界养禽业造成严重的经济损失和危害。以往文献报道水禽为NDV的自然贮存宿主,可以感染但不发病[1]。然而,     

基因VII型新城疫的研究进展

新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的鸡和多种禽类的急性高度接触性传染病,呈败血症经过.目前,基因VII型新城疫病毒分布最为广泛,危害最为严重.新城疫因致病毒株不同,所引起的症状和病变等亦有很大差异.眼下国内很多流行的强毒株大多属...     

新城疫疫苗的合理使用及常见使用误区

正新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的危害多种家禽特别是陆生禽类的最主要的传染病之一。一些发达国家采用强制扑杀强毒感染禽群为主要措施,已基本控制了本病。而我国由于整体饲养管理水平的限制以及强毒感染的普遍存在,免疫接种仍是目前控制新城疫的主要方法。目前,很多地方新城疫的疫苗产品和免疫程序仍     

非典型新城疫的诊断及综合防治技术

新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)又称亚洲鸡瘟或伪鸡瘟,是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性的毁灭性疾病,是当今全球范围内最严重的家禽传染病之一,是国际兽疫局规定的A类传染病.ND目前仍广泛存在于亚洲、非洲、美洲的许多国家,使养禽业蒙受巨大的经济损失.     

新城疫疫苗研究进展

新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的一种烈性病毒性传染病,是当今全球范围内最严重的家禽传染病之一,也是我国所有鸡病中危害最大的一种,被国际兽疫局(OIE)列为A类传染病.本病1926年首次发现于印度尼西亚的爪哇岛,同年又发现于英国新城(Newcastle-on-Tyne);1927年,Doyle研究证明该病是一种由病毒引起的疫病,即用发现该病的地名命名为新城疫.     

一例鸡新城疫的诊断报告

<正>新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的侵害禽类的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,是家禽传染病中危害最为严重的疾病之一[1]。新城疫又称鸡瘟或亚洲鸡瘟,其主要症状为高热,呼吸困难,下痢,伴有神经症状,肠道粘膜出血严重,致死率极高。新城疫在世界范围内曾经发生过3次大的流行,从1926年印度尼西亚的流行,到之后的30年间,新     

不同抗原含量鸡新城疫灭活疫苗的HI效价测定

新城疫(newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的一种禽类急性、高度接触性传染病,导致鸡群生产性能下降和大批死亡,造成巨大的经济损失[1]。由于新城疫病毒没有发生改变,La Sota疫苗对任何流行株都具有保护作     

鸡新城疫的流行情况及防控对策

正鸡新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)的病原为新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV),其强毒株可引起鸡的急性、高度接触性传染病,以高热、呼吸困难、下痢、黏膜出血为主要特征,死亡率可达90%以上。新城疫给养禽业带来了巨大的经济损失,也严重影响了禽及禽类制品的国际贸易,我国农业部将其归列为一类动物疫病。新城疫最早于1926年发现于英国的新城(Newcastle)和印尼的爪哇岛,至今在全球范围内共发生了四次新城疫大流行,其每次流行均是由不同基因型的NDV引起的。第一次大流行(19世纪20年代至19     

新城疫疫苗研究进展

新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)是由新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的禽类的一种急性、热性、败血性和高度接触性传染病。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为法定报告的动物疫病,我国农业农村部将其列为一类动物传染病,是世界上流行范围最广、对全球养禽业造成最严重经济损失的家禽传染病之一。目前,疫苗免疫仍是控制此病重要的手段,被广泛应用于禽业生产中。随着生物科学和技术的发展,新城疫疫苗的研制与创新也在不断进步。本文将从新城疫疫苗研究现状和主要新城疫疫苗及其优缺点作简要阐述,为新城疫疫苗的研究和合理应用提供参考。     

浅谈新城疫的诊断与防治

新城疫也称亚洲鸡瘟或伪鸡瘟,是由副粘病毒属的新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)引起的急性、接触性传染病,常呈败血症经过,主要特征是呼吸困难,下痢,神经     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。