林业科学数据共享湖南分中心平合的设计与实现

2007年,湖南省林业科学院以富有地方特色的林业科学数据为数据源,参考国家林业科学数据共享标准,改造已有的网络系统,并对湖南林业科学数据库进行标准化、规范化及网络化改造,提出湖南分中心平台建设方案,建立一个富有湖南特色的中国林业科学数据共享网络分中心。本文介绍了湖南分中心建设的总体目标、数据源、网络结构、系统结构、系统功能设计及需要开发的关键技术。     

林业科学数据共享湖南分中心平台的设计与实现

2007年,湖南省林业科学院以富有地方特色的林业科学数据为数据源,参考国家林业科学数据共享标准,改造已有的网络系统,并对湖南林业科学数据库进行标准化、规范化及网络化改造,提出湖南分中心平台建设方案,建立一个富有湖南特色的中国林业科学数据共享网络分中心。本文介绍了湖南分中心建设的总体目标、数据源、网络结构、系统结构、系统功能设计及需要开发的关键技术。     

基于GIS的森林资源信息管理系统建设技术

以信息网络为依托,提出了建设目标和系统实现方案,建立了空间和属性信息管理模块,采集数据建立了数据库,构建了以县为系统管理单位的省、州市、县信息管理的网络系统,以云南省林业中心数据库为核心,形成集森林资源、林业行政职能管理为一体的电子政务系统。     

地理信息系统在林业制图中的应用

地理信息系统在林业上的运用，为林业工作带来了一次革命性的飞跃。利用地理信息系统建立森林资源属性数据库和空间信息数据库，将森林资源图形数据和小班调查卡片数据有机结合起来，进行可视化、动态化管理，为林业生态工程提供快捷、明确的服务。     

全面提升林业信息化工作水平

一、完善全省林业信息化网络。全面启动"数字林业"工程建设。总目标是:以全省森林资源二类调查数据、全省森林资源连清数据、全省基础地理空间数据为主体,建立森林资源主题数据库和资源动态数据库;逐步扩展,整合各类林业信息资源,建立各专题数据库。实现数字林业系统中涵盖129个     

广东省林业空间数据库系统的建设与应用

文章系统阐述了广东省林业空间数据库的内容及建设方案，着重分析了1：10000林业空间数据库的组成、网络结构、数据安全、数据管理、浏览等关键问题及提出解决方法，并介绍了部分应用实例。     

省级林业数据中心建设及信息服务的研究——以福建省数字林业项目为例

以福建省林业数据为基础,论述了建立省级林业数据中心及信息服务的过程与内容。通过解析全省林业数据中心的组成及功能结构,研究了全省林业基础数据库的建库、数据库管理、多源数据集成、数据共享与交换、数据调用等过程中的关键技术。最终结果表明,建成的福建省林业数据中心实现了多尺度的林业基础库的集成管理,提供了网络化的连续无缝数据库的信息服务,满足了全省林业部门的需要。     

基于网络环境的海量林业资源数据GIS组织技术

以海量林业资源数据为研究对象,论述了基于福建省林业政务信息网络环境的全省林业资源数据GIS组织的技术方法和实现过程。通过分析海量林业资源数据的特点,探讨了GIS系统组织结构、空间数据预处理及加载、数据无缝与多尺度管理、ArcSDE空间数据库、空间数据库设计与配置、数据交换等关键技术。应用结果表明,所建立的数据仓库在网络上能够方便、快速地被客户端所调用,满足了全省林业资源数据管理的需要。     

林业科技期刊篇名数据库快速建立和应用的研究

本文以山东省林业科学研究院院藏科技期刊为基础，进行了快速建立林业科技文献篇名数据库的研究，探讨了相关资料的收集、扫描、识别和录入的方法，并利用vfp数据库管理系统开发了自动快速建立林业科技期刊文献篇名数据库的微机处理系统。在此基础上，将已建成的数据库导入MS-access数据库，用动态服务页面(asp)编程语言实现局域网上的信息共享查询。     

林业信息资源的建设和开发利用

建设和开发利用林业信息资源，对于实现林业信息化，实现林业管理现代化和林业的跨越式发展具有重要的现实意义。林业信息资源的建设包括林业信息网的建设和林业文献信息资源的建设。林业文献信息资源的建设要走资源共享的道路。目前要做的基础工作：制定林业文献信息资源建设的总规划；购进光盘数据库；建设科研成果和研课题数据；收集 和利用网络信息。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.