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1.
为探究黏合剂卡拉胶对七彩神仙鱼生长、消化酶活性、抗氧化酶活性和肠道微生物组成的影响,在水温(28.0±0.5)℃下,将初始体质量(10.81±2.41) g的七彩神仙鱼饲养在80 L养殖缸中,每缸15尾,投喂添加3%、6%、9%、12%和15%卡拉胶的饲料,以投喂不添加卡拉胶的颗粒饲料和牛心汉堡为对照,养殖56 d。结果表明:3%卡拉胶组七彩神仙鱼质量增加率和特定生长率最高,胃蛋白酶活性和前肠淀粉酶活性显著高于其他组,肝脏丙二醛含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著低于其他试验组;12%卡拉胶组肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于其他试验组。在肠道微生物组成的门水平方面,3%卡拉胶组变形菌门相对丰度显著高于其他组,梭杆菌门的相对丰度减少;在属水平方面,牛心汉堡组不含有乳球菌属,3%卡拉胶组罗姆布茨菌属相对丰度显著高于其他卡拉胶组,牛心汉堡组的鲸杆菌属相对丰度显著高于其他组。添加3%的卡拉胶能够提高七彩神仙鱼的质量增加率和特定生长率,显著提高胃蛋白酶和前肠淀粉酶活性,且不会造成氧化应激,肠道变形菌、罗姆布茨菌和乳球菌的相对丰度增加。在本试验条件下,七彩神仙鱼饲料中卡拉胶的适宜添加量为3%。  相似文献   

2.
现代化水产养殖追求长得快,成为了一种养殖现状,但是却忽略了随着投喂量的加大,水产动物肠道压力也越来越大。肠道通常是水产动物疾病感染的主要途径之一,肠道健康下降,肠炎、白便、慢料、闭口、死亡、饵料系数高等,严重影响到了最终的养殖效益,而且大量未消化的营养物质排入水体,引起水体环境\"健康\"下降,形成疾病频发、用药猛增的恶性循环,因此,水产养殖朋友们要特别关注水产动物肠道健康,肠道健康是水产动物健康养殖的关键。  相似文献   

3.
4.
长期以来,淡水渔业(包括淡水捕捞和淡水养殖)在我国乃至全球渔业(淡/海水捕捞和淡/海水养殖)中有着举足轻重的地位,其产量可达全球渔业总产量32%以上,其中淡水养殖在淡水渔业中占主导地位(78%以上),而鱼类养殖为淡水养殖的主要内容,占淡水养殖总产量的 92 .5%[1-3].随着经济不断发展,人们物质和精神生活不断提升...  相似文献   

5.
抗菌肽是存在于生物体内的,具有抗菌活性的碱性多肽,是机体免疫系统的重要组成成分。抗菌肽具有广泛的抑制性,在农业、医学等领域有良好的应用前景。本文综合近年来的研究,概述抗菌肽对水产动物生长性能及免疫能力的影响,展望抗菌肽的应用前景,分析抗菌肽在水产动物应用上存在的问题,为抗菌肽在水产动物中的应用提供技术支撑,也为抗菌肽的深入研究和合理应用提供理论基础。  相似文献   

6.
抗菌肽fAntibacterial peptide)又叫抗微生物肽(AntimicrobialpepIide)、抗生素肽(Antihioticsppetide),是生物体内产生的一类具有强抗菌作用的小分子多肽,是生物体天然免疫防御系统的重要组成部分,最先由CBoman等经注射阴沟杆菌及大肠杆菌诱导惜古比天蚕蛹产生的具有抗菌活性的多肽,此后科学家在昆虫、被囊动物、两栖动物、鸟类、鱼类、哺乳动物及植物乃至人类等多种生物体中发现并分离获得内源性抗菌肽。  相似文献   

7.
随着绿色可持续发展理念贯穿于水产养殖全过程,我国水产养殖业转型升级进入了新的发展阶段,水产动物肠道菌群也逐渐成为一个重要的研究领域。肠道菌群作为动物体不可忽视的重要组成部分,在促进水产动物生长发育、提高抗病力以及应对环境胁迫等方面起关键作用。在生长和品质方面,健康的肠道菌群能够提高水产动物的生长速度、饲料转化率以及肌肉脂肪含量;在抗病方面,健康的肠道菌群能够促进水产动物免疫系统的发育,抑制病原菌的定殖;在抗逆方面,健康的肠道菌群能够提高水产动物对冷应激、低盐胁迫等环境胁迫的适应。相关研究有助于探究益生菌、益生元对水产动物肠道菌群的影响,同时又有利于水产动物宿主肠源性益生菌的筛选与利用。本文综述了国内外肠道菌群对水产动物重要经济性状中生长、品质、抗病以及抗逆性状影响的研究进展,对肠道菌群在水产养殖相关应用做出展望,为未来水产养殖业中肠道菌群的研究与实践提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

8.
本文主要论述饲料卫生与安全对水产动物健康的影响,从抗营养因素、饲料霉菌污染、饲料脂肪酸败、饲料添加剂的使用不当对健康的影响四个方面进行论述.  相似文献   

9.
水产养殖动物基因组研究的现状及其应用前景   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
孙效文 《水产学报》2004,28(6):716-722
The genomic resources from human and several model organisms have been increased very fast since 1990. The techniques for developing genomic resources have already been very advanced and smart. These could make scientists see and improve organism in genomic level. For Chinese aquaculture scientists and aquatic industry, developing genomic resources and genetic tools for the native species are most important in the genomic era. The genomic resources and genetic tools for several aquatic species have been developed and some of them have been used in the marker based selection and other researches. The genome research work on aquaculture species was reviewed in this paper, especially a USDA genome project was focused. Some functional genomic research for aquatic animal was also discussed here. The importance and necessity of China aquaculture species genome project were discussed. Common carp and other cultured fishes in Cyprinidae such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp etc were recommended as the candidate species for genome research, because the output of all carps is almost up to 1/3 of total fisheries output in China. Common carp with another virtue for genome research is that there are much more families and strains in common carp than those in other cultured species in China, and those families and strains are the basis for genome research and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with important economic trait. Although the first linkage map of common carp made by Sun needs to be added with more markers for mapping QTL and Type I markers ,it has laid the groundwork for QTL mapping and markerassisted selection in common carp. Because the model organism zebrafish and common carp, grass carp and other carps cultured in China all belong to Cyprinidae, the China carp genome research will obtain a lot of useful information from zebrafish genome research. How the China carp genome program will be conducted and what kinds of strategy involved in this program were all suggested. How the results of the genome research of aquaculture species will be used in the aquaculture industry was reviewed and analyzed here.  相似文献   

10.
水产动物免疫增强剂的研究现状及应用前景   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
李海芳  常亚青  丁君 《水产科学》2004,23(10):35-39
水产养殖业在世界范围内蓬勃发展的同时,由于高密度集约化养殖、过量投饵等原因,而造成环境恶化,导致各类细菌病、病毒病的频繁发生,严重阻碍了水产养殖业的持续健康发展。鱼类、贝类、虾类、蟹类均发生过大面积死亡,尤其某些病毒性疾病的死亡率可达60%-100%,对水产养殖业的打击是毁灭性的。目前已从生理、病理、种质、营养、生态、流行特点等方面进行了大量研究,以使用抗生素为代表的传统治疗方法,因其易导致养殖动物产生抗药性、易有残留等原因,在各国逐渐被禁用和取代。免疫机制的研究是合理有效防治各类病害的根本和依据,近来免疫学研究已成为水产动物病害研究的热点之一。  相似文献   

11.
    
A study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effect of Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (310 ± 9 g) were fed a control diet or a P. acidilactici‐supplemented diet (at 2.4 × 106 CFU/g) for 4 weeks. The probiotic was observed to populate the intestine with levels ranging from log 3.7 to 5.4 CFU/g. Furthermore, these populations were able to persist for at least 24 hr after the cessation of probiotic feeding. High‐throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA libraries demonstrated that P. acidilactici was able to modulate the gut microbiome of rainbow trout and that the probiotic was detected as a common taxon on the mucosa and in the digesta of the probiotic fish (p < .05). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that feeding the probiotic upregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐8 and downregulated anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 compared to the control‐fed fish. Furthermore, the mRNA levels for the mucosal antibody immunoglobulin T was also elevated in probiotic‐fed fish. These findings help to explain some of the mechanisms behind the previously reported observed benefits of using this probiotic in the intestinal morphology and immunity of rainbow trout.  相似文献   

12.
<正>我国是水产养殖大国,随着高密度、集约化养殖模式的发展,养殖中各种病害频繁发生,大量甚至提前使用抗生素进行病害预防相当普遍,抗生素的残留及耐药性对我国水产养殖业造成了严重影响。在纷纷寻求抗生素替代物的背景下,抗菌肽具有广谱抗菌性,较抗生素而言具有独特的抗菌机理,养殖过程中使用抗菌肽不易产生耐药性菌株,又具有提高鱼类等水生动物的生产性能及非特异性免疫功能等作用,正逐渐成为替代抗生素的新型抗菌药物而用于水产养殖中。目前有关抗菌肽在水产养殖上的  相似文献   

13.
仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体质量(0.65±0.03)g,基础饲料中添加5%(质量分数)全营养破壁酵母为实验饲料,以基础饲料为对照。分别于投喂后第15天和第30天检测仿刺参体腔细胞数量、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,于第30天计数肠道菌群。结果显示,实验组仿刺参体腔细胞数量与对照组差异不显著;ACP、AKP、CAT活性均比对照组有所增高,其中第15天CAT活性和第30天AKP活性与对照组具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。投喂破壁酵母对仿刺参肠道菌群有一定影响,可显著降低肠道内异养菌总数及弧菌数量。研究表明,全营养破壁酵母对仿刺参非特异性免疫活性有增强作用,且对肠道有害菌群有一定抑制作用,但其对肠道菌群的影响及适宜添加量等需进一步研究。本研究旨在探索全营养破壁酵母在海参育保苗中的作用机理,以期为仿刺参安全健康养殖开发新型绿色添加剂提供科学依据。  相似文献   

14.
    
Yeast probiotics have great promise, yet they received little attention in fish. This study investigated the influence of Aqualase®, a yeast‐based commercial probiotic composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces elipsoedas, on health and performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Probiotics were incorporated in the diets at three different inclusion levels (1%, 1.5% and 2%) and administered to the fish for a period of 8 weeks. After the feeding trial, intestinal total viable aerobic bacterial count was significantly higher in fish group that received 2% in‐feed probiotics. In addition, a significant increase in at least 11% in intestinal lactic acid bacteria population was observed in all probiotic‐fed groups. Total protein level and lysozyme activity in skin mucus were significantly elevated following probiotic feeding. Inhibitory potential of skin mucus against fish pathogens was significantly enhanced by at least 50% in probiotic‐fed groups. Humoral and cellular immune parameters were influenced by probiotic feeding and the effects were dependent on inclusion level. Digestive physiology was affected by in‐feed probiotics through improvement of intestinal enzyme activities. All growth performance parameters were significantly improved following probiotic administration specifically at inclusion rate 1.5% and above. Taken together, the results revealed that Aqualase® is a promising yeast‐based probiotic for rainbow trout with the capability of modulating the intestinal microbiota, immunity and growth.  相似文献   

15.
    
Water as a habitat is highly variable in terms of the physico‐chemical properties. The aim of the studies was to analyze the quality of the technology by evaluating the non‐specific cellular defence potential of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in diversified intensity culture systems and in different periods of the breeding cycle. The evaluation was conducted in order to establish the scientific basis for the development of principles for recognition of the culture of this species as ‘organic’. Six rainbow trout rearing farms were selected for the studies and divided into two equal groups according to the production technology: farms with a flow through system (with single water usage – OOH) and facilities with multiple water usage via its backflow (re‐circulating system – RAS). The samples for tests were taken from 20 individuals from each fish farm. In all fish that originated both from OOH‐type farms and RAS operations, an increase in the activity of non‐specific cellular immunity in the autumn was observed. Statistically significant reduction in the activity of cellular defensive mechanisms in small (300–500 g) and big (501–850 g) fish occurred on two 3‐OOH and 3‐RAS farms in spring and autumn in 2011. During these periods, the research has shown the presence of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV), which provoked an immune suppression. Based on the obtained results it is concluded that there were no significant differences in the parameters of non‐specific cellular immunity in rainbow trout originating from different farming systems OOH and RAS.  相似文献   

16.
    
Fish gut microbiome confers various effects to the host fish; this includes overall size, metabolism, feeding behaviour and immune response in the fish. The emergence of antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria and hard to cure fish diseases warrant the possible utilization of gut microbes that exhibits a positive effect on the fish and thus lead to the usage of these microbes as probiotics. The widespread and systematic use of antibiotics has led to severe biological and ecological problems, especially the development of antibiotic resistance that affects the gut microbiota of aquatic organisms. Probiotics are proposed as an effective and environmentally friendly alternative to antibiotics, known as beneficial microbes. At the same time, prebiotics are considered beneficial to the host's health and growth by decreasing the prevalence of intestinal pathogens and/or changing the development of bacterial metabolites related to health. Uprise of sequencing technology and the development of intricate bioinformatics tools has provided a way to study these gut microbes through metagenomic analysis. From various metagenomic studies, ample of information was obtained; such information includes the effect of the gut microbiome on the physiology of fish, gut microbe composition of different fish, factors affecting the gut microbial composition of the fish and the immunological effect of gut microbes in fish; such this information related to the fish gut microbiome, their function and their importance in aquaculture is discussed in this review.  相似文献   

17.
    
This study was conducted to evaluate the application of four fish origin probiotics to relieve the side effects induced by SBM in shrimp. Shrimps were fed with high fish meal diet (C0, positive control containing 500 g/kg FM and 0 g/kg SBM), low fish meal diet (C, control containing 250 g/kg FM and 340 g/kg SBM) or the control diet (C) supplemented, respectively, with 1.0 × 108 CFU/g Bacillus pumilus SE5 (T1), Psychrobacter sp. SE6 (T2), Enterococcus faecium MM4 (T3) or Bacillus claussi DE5 (T4). After 6 weeks of feeding, the growth performance, hepatopancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal histological structure and immune parameters were determined. The results showed that compared with high FM group (C0), significantly lower WGR and SGR as well as higher FCR were observed in the low FM group (C) (p < .05). Compared with the control, significantly lower FCR was observed in treatment T1 (p < .05), but not in treatments T2–T4. Protease, amylase and lipase activities in all the treatments (T1‐T4) were significantly higher than the control (p < .05). GOT and GPT activities in the control were significantly lower than the C0 (p < .05), while higher MDA level was recorded in the control (p < .05). Meanwhile, higher GPT activities were observed in treatments T1‐T4 compared with the control (p < .05). Compared with the C0, lower SOD, ACP and AKP activities were observed in the control. Significantly improved SOD and AKP activities were observed in all probiotic feeding groups compared with the control (p < .05). The control diet led to significant reduction of intestinal wall thickness and villus height compared with the C0 (p < .05), while significantly higher intestinal wall thickness and villus height were exhibited in all the probiotic groups compared with the control (p < .05), except intestinal wall thickness in treatment T3. Thus, these results demonstrated that the four fish origin probiotic strains could relieve the side effects induced by high level of SBM in shrimp, while probiotic B. pumilus SE5 showed the best performance.  相似文献   

18.
本实验旨在研究饲料中添加月桂酸单甘油酯(GML)对凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、免疫、肌肉氨基酸及肠道菌群的影响。制作6组包含0、500 、1000 、1500、2000 和2500 mg/kg GML的等氮等脂实验饲料对凡纳滨对虾幼体(体重为0.31±0.02g)进行56d的养殖实验。结果显示: ①与对照组相比,添加2000 mg/kg GML能显著提高增重率和特定生长率并显著降低饲料系数。 ②饲料中添加GML对凡纳滨对虾体成分影响不显著。③各添加组对虾尾肌呈味氨基酸及总氨基酸含量显著高于对照组。④与对照组相比,各添加水平的血清总蛋白含量均显著上升,低密度蛋白胆固醇含量及谷草转氨酶活性均显著下降;500 mg/kg和1500 mg/kg组甘油三酯含量显著下降。⑤当GML添加水平为1500 mg/kg 时超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化氢酶表达量显著上调,GML添加水平超过2000 mg/kg时,IMD、TOLL表达量以及溶菌酶活性显著上调,2000 mg/kg组酚氧化酶原表达量显著上调。⑥添加组Chao指数和Ace指数显著上调,1500 mg/kg组和2500 mg/kg组Shannon指数显著下调,2500 mg/kg组Simpson指数显著下调。实验表明,添加适宜水平的GML可提高凡纳滨对虾幼体的生长性能、非特异性免疫效应,且GML可下调肠道有害菌的丰度,改善肠道菌群结构。以增重率为依据,饲料中添加2142.99 mg/kg GML对虾的生长效果最佳。  相似文献   

19.
为研究饲料中添加单株和多株乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肠道健康、先天免疫应答和抗氧化能力的影响,将480尾健康鲤随机分为8组, CK (对照)组饲喂普通饲料,处理组分别饲喂添加乳酸乳球菌的7种饲料:G1组(Lactococcus lactis Q-8)、G2组(L. lactis Q-9)、G3组(L. lactis Z-2)、G4组(L. lactis Q-8+L. lactis Q-9)、G5组(Claudin Q-8+L. lactis Z-2)、G6组(L. lactis Q-9+L. lactis Z-2)、G7组(L. lactis Q-8,+L. lactis Q-9+L.lactisZ-2),饲喂60d。结果显示,饲料中添加乳酸乳球菌可显著提高鲤肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性和紧密连接蛋白基因(L.lactis, ZO-1)表达量,且多菌株处理组效果更显著(P<0.05)。此外,所有处理组均显著增加中肠绒毛长度(P<0.05),增加血清中促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α, G6组除外)、白细...  相似文献   

20.
    
This study investigated the effects of dietary exogenous protease on the growth performance, intestinal health, immune parameters and disease resistance of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Five test diets with commercial protease at the levels of 0, 1.38, 2.76, 5.52 and 11.04 U/g (named PE0, PE1, PE2, PE5 and PE11, respectively) were administered to triplicate tanks with 30 fish for 60 days, and then, the fish were challenged with Streptococcus agalactiae for 14 days. The results indicated that weight gain increased as exogenous protease increased from 0 to 5.52 U protease/g diet and then decreased significantly (p < .05) with a further increase in exogenous protease supplementation (p < .05). The height of the villi in the proximal intestine and distal intestine, the width of the villi in three segments of the intestine, and the thickness of the muscle layer in the proximal intestine and mid‐intestine (p < .05) were increased in the fish fed the PE5 diet. Immune and antioxidant indices (except malondialdehyde), and survival after challenged with S. agalactiae were higher in fish fed PE5 diets than in those fed other diets (p < .05). In conclusion, 5.52 U/g protease supplementation in a plant‐based diet could promote the growth performance, intestinal physical barrier function, innate immunity and S. agalactiae resistance of GIFT.  相似文献   

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