洞庭湖区荷花种质资源多样性研究

洞庭湖区荷花种质资源共有湘莲、鄂莲、太空莲、玉臂藕莲及冬瓜莲5大类群,其中湘莲类分布面积最广,种植面积最多,出现频率为100%。其次是太空莲,频率为65%,鄂莲为55%,玉臂藕莲为35%冬瓜莲仅为15%;莲花产业以子莲为主,其中湘莲和太空莲为主要栽培种类,以藕莲为辅,主要栽培种类有鄂莲和玉臂藕。要加强种质资源保护及品种、技术引进,强调栽培技术攻关,加强产品流通环节的构建。     

夏日荷花别样红

“红白莲花开共塘,两股颜色一般香”,这是宋代诗人杨万里描写荷花的佳句。荷花历来就有“花中君子”的誉称,古人把农历6月24日定为荷花的生日,又称“观荷节”。荷花属睡莲科多年生草本植物,我国栽培的品种有22个,按其用途可分为籽莲、藕莲和花莲。花莲很少结实,然莲花极美,供观赏之用。     

籽白莲的优化高产栽培技术

籽白莲又称籽莲或白莲,生产中称籽莲,深加工后称白莲.它是我国荷莲三大类型品系(藕莲、籽莲、花莲)的栽培品种之一,主要分布在南方各省产区,以长江中下游的湖北、湖南、江西、福建、安徽等省为多.籽白莲加工食品--莲籽八宝粥、莲蓉、莲籽汁、莲糕、莲籽糊等上百种高档营养食品畅销海内外.籽白莲在我国有3000多年的栽培历史,特别是现代莲农在籽白莲生产中有丰富的优化高产栽培经验,现将其介绍如下.     

一泓清水出芙蓉——碗莲的家庭栽培

正碗莲,顾名思义,就是能在碗中种植的荷花,其实就是荷花里的小型和微型品种,特别适合爱荷之人在阳台、庭院种植观赏。笔者选育、栽培、推广碗莲种苗多年,经常有花友咨询碗莲如何种植,这里做个简单的整理总结,希望对大家种好碗莲有所裨益。碗莲栽培既可以用种藕直接栽培,也可也用莲子培育,但两者还是有一定的区别的。种藕的花色性状比较稳定,种植健康都可以     

莲藕种质评价与创新应用研究进展

莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)是睡莲科莲属多年生宿根性水生草本植物,在中国、日本以及东南亚国家和地区普遍分布.按照生产用途的不同莲藕主要分为藕莲、籽莲和花莲3类,其中藕莲作为蔬菜人工栽培,主要分布在中国和日本,是我国种植面积最大的水生蔬菜.莲藕产品包括鲜藕、藕粉和莲籽,含有丰富的淀粉、蛋白质、多种维生素和矿质营养元素,是公认的风味副食品和滋补食品;同时莲藕副产品如藕节、莲芯(胚芽)、莲须(雄蕊)、莲梗等均可入药,具有很好的营养保健功能[1].     

籽白莲的优化高产栽培技术

籽白莲又称籽莲或白莲,生产中称籽莲,深加工后称白莲。它是我国荷莲三大类型品系（藕莲、籽莲、花莲）的栽培品种之一,主要分布在南方各省产区,以长江中下游的湖北、湖南、江西、福建、安徽等省为多。籽白莲加工食品——莲籽八宝粥、莲蓉、莲籽汁、莲糕、莲籽糊等上百种高档营养食品畅销海内外。     

我国莲资源及育种研究综述(上)

莲（NelumbonuciferaGaertn．），是我国最具特色、栽培面积最大、品种资源最丰富的水生经济作物。近些年，随着农村产业结构的调整，植莲区进一步扩大，对新品种的需求进一步增加，同时反过来也刺激了莲的科研工作，我国在莲品种资源、育种、繁种等方面的研究都取得了较大的进步。本文仅对莲（包括藕莲、籽莲和花莲）资源与育种情况作一概述。１栽培简史及分布莲在我国栽培历史悠久，距今５０００多年前的河南仰韶文化遗址曾出土了炭化莲籽。《诗经》中《郑风》与《陈风》篇分别有“山有扶苏，隰有荷华”和“彼泽之陂，有蒲有荷”的颂荷诗…     

武汉市江夏区子莲产业现状及发展对策

子莲全身都是宝,用途极广。藕带是上等的绿色保健食品,莲籽既是滋补佳品,又是治病良药,荷花不仅能美化环境而且还可以食用,在现代都市农业建设生态观光旅游等方面具有重要作用。此外,莲房、荷叶等皆具有极为重要的药用保健价值,它们还是重要的轻工业原料,加工前景广阔。     

荷花品种的形态特征及生物学特性的初步观察

我国荷花的栽培品种甚多,本文是近三年收集到的30余个不同品种,在缸植的条件下,对其外部形态特征和生物学特性进行观察的初步报告。试验结果表明荷花中出现花莲、子莲、藕莲等不同系统,这与人们在长期生产实践中栽培选育的目的性有关。作者认为影响荷花生长发育较大的外界环境因子,是温、光、土、肥等四项。     

盆栽荷花

荷花品种可分为藕莲,子莲和花莲三类,盆栽荷花以观花为主,因此盆栽应选花莲类。     

莲属植物(Nelumbo spp.)在美国东南部的利用潜力研究

莲(Nelumbo spp)的利用为黑土带经济开发提供了一个独特的低成本和低风险机遇。对鲢鱼塘稍加改造,莲即可与鲢鱼实行搭配种养。对160多个莲品种的研究,使得花莲的大量生产销售成为可能。1999年以来,还一直致力于花莲栽培的"最优管理规范"开发。目前,正对"莲-鱼"搭配种养、莲对营养物和有机物的植物修复潜能进行研究评价。对莲的有关研究结果进行了总结。     

子莲建选17号的种性研究

对建选17号品比试验、区试和生产示范的结果进行分析,建选17号生长势强,需种量1800～2250支/hm~2,比建宁县原主栽品种红花建莲节省25%～50%;有效花达57 150朵/hm~2,心皮数25.96个/蓬,结实率72.14%,生育期200～210 d。其通心白莲产量1100.96 kg/hm~2,比红花建莲增产46.74%。抗病力强,抗倒伏能力中等,稳产性好,适应性强。     

子莲种子离子注入诱变效应的初步观察

自2000年以来,江西省广昌白莲科研所多次开展子莲离子注入诱变育种试验,以第3次离子注入试验为背景,以京广1号、风卷红旗、太空莲36号3个品种的313粒种子为诱变对象,对用离子束诱变育种中出现的变异和生物效应进行了初步观察。试验结果表明,离子注入对子莲种子萌发、胚芽生长和花芽分化均有一定的影响,而且M0代还出现了荷叶生长不良、雌蕊瓣化、花型和花色等变异,根据育种目标,初选出优良单株5株。     

子莲新品系建选31号区域试验

建选31号是福建省建宁县莲籽科学研究所于2008年通过有性杂交培育而成的子莲新品系。2013年．以当地主栽品种建选17号为对照，对子莲新品系建选31号进行多点区域试验。试验结果表明，建选31号具有长势强、花期早而长、花量多、结实率高、蓬大粒多、籽粒大、适应性广、抗病性强、品质好等特点，比对照增产14．1％。     

莲子产量相关性状的QTL定位

以中国长江流域圆柱形莲子资源‘中间湖野莲’为母本,泰国圆球形莲子资源‘清迈野莲’为父本,构建了含86个单株的F2遗传群体。2017和2018年对亲本及群体黑子期莲子长、莲子宽、单粒质量、开花数、心皮数、饱粒数等6个莲子产量相关性状进行了表型鉴定,利用197个SSR标记对亲本及F2单株进行基因分型,结合表型和基因型数据对相关性状进行了QTL定位和分析。结果表明:莲子产量相关性状在F2群体中均呈近正态连续分布,表明均为多基因控制的数量性状。6个莲子产量相关性状共检测到28个QTL位点,分布在7条连锁群上,LOD值变幅为2.55～12.34,可解释5.5%～27.4%表型变异率。贡献率≥10的QTL位点有25个,占QTL总数的89.29%。黑子期莲子长(bsl1),莲子宽(bsw6)、开花数(fn4.1,fn5)可在两年被稳定检测到,贡献率变幅为7.33%～17.6%。     

水乡嘉鱼莲藕文化探究

对"水乡嘉鱼"其名、嘉鱼"湖莲"及"六月暴"的栽培历史进行了考究,并对人工大面积植莲的始末及近年来子莲和莲藕栽培情况进行了分析,同时探究了嘉鱼莲藕的饮食文化,说明莲藕对嘉鱼莲农有着深厚的感情,也是莲农科学致富的一大特色经济收入来源。     

籽莲施用多效唑效应初报

通过对籽莲施用多效唑简比试验。试验结果表明,籽莲施用多效唑后,节间长度缩短11.4%,叶柄和花柄高度分别降低3.2%和4.8%,粗度分别增加16.5%和13.0%,莲蓬折断率减少72.7%,同时叶片增厚、叶色浓绿、叶面积增大,蓬数增多9.4%,每蓬心皮数增多2.9%,粒质量增加1.2%,产量增幅8.8%。     

Genetic diversity and relationships of lotus (Nelumbo) cultivars based on allozyme and ISSR markers

Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of lotus (Nelumbo Adanson) cultivars were evaluated using allozyme and ISSR markers. The samples used covered 11 accessions of possible hybrids between Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea and 92 accessions of N. nucifera including 69 flower lotus, 13 rhizome lotus, 5 seed lotus and 5 wild lotus. For allozyme studies, a total of 31 alleles at 23 loci of 18 enzyme systems were detected of which 5 (21.7%) loci Aat, Idh, Mdh-2, Pgd, Sod were polymorphic. The loci of Aat and Idh included two alleles, Mdh-2, Pgd and Sod included three alleles. Eighteen genotypes were detected with the 13 alleles of the 5 polymorphic loci. The parameters of average allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 1.35 ± 0.71, 0.06 ± 0.21, 0.05 ± 0.14, 0.10 ± 023, respectively. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 93 loci, of which 37.63% were polymorphic across all samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci, average allele number, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 26.67%, 1.30 ± 0.46, 0.10 ± 0.18 and 0.15 ± 0.25, respectively for the ISSR data. The ‘Bottleneck effect’ and rapid propagation of clones after the ice ages may explain the low genetic diversity of lotus. The dendrograms based on ISSR and allozymes were not congruent. Based on the ISSR data, the 103 samples were divided into the N. nucifera group (Group I), and the group containing inter-specific hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea (Group II). The flower lotus, rhizome lotus, and seed lotus each has multiple sources of origin. Plant size, a criterion commonly used in the classification of cultivars of lotus, is not correlated with genetic variation. Flower color is correlated with the cultivar classification to some degree, but its variation is complex in the hybrids.     

Genetic diversity and classification of Nelumbo germplasm of different origins by RAPD and ISSR analysis

In this study, RAPD and ISSR markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among different germplasm of Nelumbo including 70 Chinese ornamental cultivars, 7 wild Thai genotypes, 2 Nelumbo lutea genotypes and 8 hybrids of Nelumbo nucifera and N. lutea. High genetic diversities of 96.4% and 91.2% respectively were detected in the Nelumbo accessions using RAPD and ISSR markers. A dendrogram based on both RAPD and ISSR clustering data indicated that: (1) the genotypes of N. nucifera and N. lutea from different geographical origins were clustered into different groups. This indicated significant genetic differentiation attributed to extensive periods of geographical isolation and lack of gene exchange; (2) the Thai wild genotypes were separated from Chinese genotypes. This indicated genetic divergence between germplasm from Southeast Asia and that from China. Geographical location appears to have affected genetic diversity due to adaptation of the plants to the different environments. A new Southeastern Asia Lotus category is suggested as an addition to the current lotus cultivars classification system; (3) data on three morphological traits (namely: plant size, petal shape and flower color), showed that only the data on plant size was consistent with the dendrogram constructed from molecular data. This finding suggests that using data on genetic relationships in combination with morphological characteristics would serve to improve the classification system of lotus cultivars currently in use. The finding of previously unknown germplasm in this study indicated the potential of RAPD and ISSR techniques in identifying and managing lotus resources. Both marker techniques are potentially useful in improving the current strategies in breeding and germplasm conservation to enhance the ornamental and economic value of lotus.     

建宁籽莲杂交育种初报

1995-2000年通过引种利用杂种优势选育籽莲新品种,筛选培育出杂交籽莲新品系建选17号(太空莲2号营×(寸三莲65×红花建莲)),其杂种优势明显而稳定,经三年种植表明其产量比本地品种红花建莲增加40%以上。选育的另三个品系可望作为搭配品种加以利用。在推广应用杂交籽莲过程中,要防止混杂衰退。