五味子提取物对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道微生物的影响

本试验旨在研究五味子提取物对内仔鸡生长性能和肠道微生物的影响.试验选用1日龄的健康内仔鸡120羽,随机分为2个处理组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15羽.采用单因子试验设计,于5日龄进行新生期五味子提取物的调控试验,五味子提取物添加量为0.125%.试验结果表明:日粮中添加五味子提取物能显著提高4～6周龄内仔鸡平均日增重(P＜0.05),降低盲肠中大肠杆茵的数量(P＜0.05),且有利于盲肠中乳酸杆菌的增殖.     

五味子提取物对AA肉仔鸡抗氧化功能的影响

选用五味子提取物作为饲料添加剂,通过测定35、56日龄肉仔鸡血清、心脏、肝脏和肾组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)与丙二醛(MDA)含量,研究五味子提取物对AA肉仔鸡抗氧化指标的影响。采用单因子随机分组试验设计。结果表明:添加五味子提取物可显著提高35日龄肉仔鸡血清和肝脏、56日龄肉仔鸡肝脏和心脏SOD活性。添加五味子提取物可显著降低35日龄肉仔鸡血清MDA含量,0.2%五味子提取物可显著降低35日龄肉仔鸡心脏MDA含量(P<0.05),0.4%五味子提取物可显著降低56日龄肉仔鸡肝脏MDA含量(P<0.05)。添加五味子提取物可显著提高35日龄血清和肝脏GR活性(P<0.05),并且作用效果好于黄霉素组,添加0.2%五味子提取物可提高56日龄肝脏和肾脏GR活性(P<0.05),并且作用效果好于黄霉素组。添加0.2%、0.4%五味子提取物组可显著提高35日龄肉仔鸡肾脏总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),添加五味子提取物可显著提高56日龄心脏总抗氧化能力(P<0.05)。     

紫花松果菊提取物对肉仔鸡血清中抗氧化性能指标的影响

本试验选用180只健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡（公母混养）,采用单因子随机设计,将180只试验雏鸡随机分成6组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。紫花松果菊提取物的添加浓度分别为0、5、10、50、100、500 mg/kg,研究添加不同水平的松果菊提取物对肉仔鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能的影响。试验结果表明,在玉米 豆粕型肉仔鸡日粮中添加紫花松果菊提取物,添加量为50 mg/kg时,明显提高了生长前期肉仔鸡血清中SOD、GSH Px的活性,同时降低了血清MDA的含量（P＞0.05）;而添加紫花松果菊提取物对生长性能有一定的改善作用,但效果不显著。     

五味子提取物对低脂系肉仔鸡肉质的影响

本试验采用单因子试验设计,将144羽1日龄健康、体重均一的低脂系肉仔鸡随机分为两组,每组6个重复,每个重复12羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加0.125%五味子提取物组的基础日粮,试验期为8周,研究五味子提取物对低脂系肉仔鸡肉质的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,五味子提取物组肉仔鸡胸肌纤维密度显著提高,腿肌直径显著降低(P0.05),腿肌纤维密度有升高趋势,胸肌直径有降低趋势;(2)与对照组相比,五味子提取物组胸肌和腿肌的水分、蛋白质与脂肪含量无显著差异(P0.05);(3)五味子提取物显著降低了肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌剪切力(P0.05),胸肌和腿肌pH、红度(a*)、黄度(b*)有升高趋势(P0.05),滴水损失和蒸煮损失有降低趋势(P0.05)。     

三颗针提取物和γ-氨基丁酸对肉仔鸡生长性能及免疫性能的影响

本文旨在研究饲粮中添加三颗针提取物和γ -氨基丁酸对肉仔鸡生长性能、养分表观消化率和免疫性能的影响.试验选用1日龄健康爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽.采用单因子试验设计,4组分别为在玉米～豆粕型饲粮中添加0.20％三颗针提取物、0.01％γ-氨基丁酸、0.20％三颗针提取物+...     

β-葡聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道微环境的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加β-葡聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道微环境的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡672只,随机分为4个组,每组14个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮上添加100、150和200 g/tβ-葡聚糖的试验饲粮。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)150 g/t剂量组1~21日龄肉仔鸡体增重显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)150 g/t剂量组肉仔鸡血清免疫球蛋白含量高于对照组(P0.05)。3)21日龄时,150 g/t剂量组肉仔鸡盲肠内乳酸菌数量显著高于对照组(P0.05),空肠和回肠内沙门氏菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05);42日龄时,150和200 g/t剂量组肉仔鸡盲肠内沙门氏菌数量显著低于对照组和100 g/t剂量组(P0.05)。4)饲粮添加β-葡聚糖对42日龄肉仔鸡空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值影响显著(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加适量的β-葡聚糖可提高肉仔鸡出栏重,改善肉仔鸡生长性能,增加盲肠内乳酸菌数量,减少空肠、回肠和盲肠内沙门氏菌数量。     

大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道pH值和盲肠短链脂肪酸的影响

在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0、0.50%、1.00%或2.00%的大豆寡糖,研究了不同添加量大豆寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道pH值和盲肠短链脂肪酸的影响。选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理设6个笼(重复),每笼8只鸡。结果表明:大豆寡糖对18、36日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠和空肠食糜pH值的影响无明显规律,各处理组之间无显著性差异(P0.05);随着大豆寡糖水平的增加,盲肠食糜pH值呈下降的趋势(P0.05),1.00%大豆寡糖添加组18、36日龄肉仔鸡盲肠食糜pH值为最低水平,且显著低于对照组(P0.05)。低寡糖日粮中添加不同剂量大豆寡糖,大幅度增加肉仔鸡盲肠食糜中乙酸和短链脂肪酸总量的浓度(P0.05);添加1.00%或2.00%大豆寡糖,显著增加18日龄肉仔鸡盲肠食糜中丁酸占短链脂肪酸总量的摩尔百分比(P0.05)。     

沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡小肠黏膜发育的影响

试验选择120只1日龄罗丝308商品肉鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验AWEⅠ组、AWEⅡ组和AWEⅢ组分别在基础日粮中添加100、300和500mg/kg沙葱乙醇提取物(AWE),以研究沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡小肠黏膜发育的影响。结果表明,添加500mg/kgAWE可显著提高28日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠绒毛长度及42日龄肉仔鸡空肠绒毛长度(P<0.05)。对照组及各试验组小肠绒毛宽度和隐窝深度无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮添加沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡十二指肠V/C比值有显著提高作用(P<0.05),各试验组十二指肠V/C比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。28日龄时各试验组空肠V/C比值及回肠V/C比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。上述结果显示,在日粮中添加沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡小肠黏膜的正常发育有一定促进作用,增强了小肠的吸收能力,其中以500mg/kgAWE的添加效果最佳。     

保加利亚乳杆菌及其代谢产物对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

将5 00只1日龄的肉仔鸡随机分成5组,1个对照组和4个试验组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡.对照组肉仔鸡采食基础日粮,试验1组肉仔鸡饮水中添加保加利亚乳杆菌代谢产物,试验2组肉仔鸡基础日粮中添加保加利亚乳杆菌活菌体,试验3组肉仔鸡采食基础日粮添加保加利亚乳杆菌菌体及其代谢产物,试验4组肉仔鸡采食某市售微生态制剂,试验期6周.结果表明,相对对照组及其他试验组,日粮中添加保加利亚乳杆菌及其代谢产物能够提高肉仔鸡成活率、体重增长、降低肉仔鸡腹泻率,但对肉仔鸡新城疫免疫效果影响不大.     

苣荬菜复合提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

将720只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复30只鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.004%、0.008%和0.012%苣荬菜复合提取物,进行饲养试验,研究苣荬菜复合提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明:饲料中添加苣荬菜复合提取物,可提高肉仔鸡成活率、增质量和饲料转化率.其中,添加0.012%的苣荬菜复合提取物组增质量最高,比对照组提高25.12%(P＜0.05),料重比最低(1.86),比对照组降低10.91%,胸肌率最高(25.2%),比对照组提高11.85%(P＜0.05).可见,苣荬菜复合提取物是一种极具推广应用价值的新型绿色饲料添加剂.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …