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优质早籼三系不育系H28A的选育与利用 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
以金23A为母本,岳4B/福伊B∥316B的F3代单株为父本测交,经多代择优回交与选择,育成野败型早籼三系不育系H28A.该不育系具有不育性稳定、株叶形态好、早熟、开花习性好、柱头外露率和异交结实率高、米质较优、可恢复性和配合力好等优良特性.2003年7月通过现场评议,2004年2月通过湖南省审定.用H28A与多个恢复系配组,杂种表现产量高、米质优、稳产性好、适种范围广,其中H28A×R207于2004年2月通过广西审定;H28A×91-13被评为湖南省三等优质米. 相似文献
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几类小麦雄性不育系育性敏感时期可溶性蛋白质和ATP酶活性的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究K型和YS型小麦雄性不育系雄性不育的生化机制,用Native-PAGE凝胶电泳技术对稀盐缓冲液提取的不育系及其保持系育性敏感期旗叶和小穗中的可溶性蛋白进行了分析,并对不育系和保持系小穗质膜和液泡膜H+-ATP酶活性进行了比较.结果显示,1B/1R类K型不育系3314A和非1B/1R类K型不育系732A的同型保持系732B的旗叶在二核期和三核期均出现一分子量大小相同的特异性条带.对小穗的电泳结果显示,1B/1R类K型不育系3314A和非1B/1R类K型不育系732A单核期与其同期相应保持系相比,表达了一些特异性的蛋白.而YS型光温敏不育系A3017二核期和三核期比单核期多出现了特异蛋白条带.这些小穗中表达的特异蛋白可能与育性相关.另外,通过对质膜和液泡膜H+-ATP酶活性测定表明,不育系小穗单核期ATP酶活性较高,尤其是不育系液泡膜H+-ATP酶活性在单核期均明显偏高. 相似文献
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S.T. Kotzamanidis A.S. Lithourgidis A.G. Mavromatis D.I. Chasioti D.G. Roupakias 《Field Crops Research》2008,107(3):257-264
Effective selection of parental material and promising segregating populations is an essential requirement for breeding success. There are many contradictive reports about the best parent selection criterion for the development of promising crosses. For the clarification of this problem field experiments were conducted for four consecutive years to compare the effectiveness of six criteria for the prediction of the most promising F3 populations in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.): the mid-parent value, the F1, the F2, the (F1 + F2)/2, and the genetic distance among the parents as it is calculated using the SSR and RAPD molecular markers. During the first growing season (2003–2004) nine commercial cultivars of durum wheat and four landraces were crossed. The following growing season (2004–2005), 17 crosses (F1 generation) were evaluated under low plant density (1.15 plants m−2) in a replicated (R-21) honeycomb design. During the third growing season (2005–2006), the four highest yielding crosses, one cross with an intermediate yield, and the three crosses with the lowest yield (F2 generation) were evaluated under low plant density in a R-9 honeycomb design. Finally, in the fourth growing season (2006–2007) progeny of the aforementioned eight crosses (F3 generation) and the ten parents were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in two locations. Furthermore, the genetic distance among the parents was determined using the SSR and RAPD molecular markers. It was observed that the three F3 populations with the lowest yielding ability were the ones with the lowest mid-parental value. In addition, one of the two top F3 populations was second in the rank according to the mid-parental value. Furthermore, the two top F3 populations were also the highest yielding in the F1 and F2 generations. On the contrary, none of these crosses were predicted by the genetic distance as it was calculated using the SSR and RAPD molecular markers. It was concluded that parental pairs with high mid-parental value and high combined yield (F1 + F2)/2 obtained after evaluation of their F1 and F2 at low plant density was the most effective way to predict promising F3 populations. 相似文献
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为探明菠萝田间控水减肥效应及确定补充灌溉施肥水平,为粤西地区菠萝生产中节水节肥和提质增效提供依据。研究以金菠萝‘MD-2’为材料,设置无灌溉常规施肥(常规),2个补灌W1(-15~-35 kPa)和W2(-35~-55 kPa)与3个肥料F1(100%)、F2(75%)和F3(50%)梯度处理(F1W1、F2W1、F3W1、F1W2、F2W2、F3W2),以无灌溉无施肥作为对照(CK)。研究菠萝光合面积、光合效率、干物质积累、经济性状、灌溉水生产力及肥料偏生产力对不同处理的响应。结果表明,补充灌溉施肥能够显著提高菠萝株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数和植株干物质含量。水肥限制下,叶片数和叶长的减少是单株叶面积下降的主要因素,而光合面积的减小是干物质量下降的主要因素,菠萝植株生长受限来自于肥料减施和因干旱而导致的肥料利用受限。雨季干旱胁迫解除后叶片实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)能够快速恢复,但营养生长期光合面积显著下降的不可逆转仍然导致果实干物质量和产量显著下降。补充灌溉施肥条件下肥料偏生产力表现为F3>F2>F1,而果实田间产量和田间糖锤度均表现为F32≈F1,因此确定F2是最佳施肥水平;在F2施肥水平下,水分生产力表现为W2>W1,但果实增产率和田间糖锤度在W1和W2之间差异不显著。因此,采用F2W2补充灌溉施肥方式可为菠萝生产中节水节肥和提质增效提供支撑。 相似文献
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ZHOU Li-Jun Ao Guang-Hui XIAO Yi Wu Xian-Jun LI Shi-Gui 《水稻科学》2005,12(4):249-254
The mechanism of early generation stability (EGS) in rice was studied via genetic analysis. Three types of crosses were made, namely between EGS varieties, EGS and conventional rice variety, and conventional rice varieties. The genetic analysis was based on the stable lines in F2 population. The stable lines may appear from some combinations of EGS rice crossing with each other and EGS rice crossing with conventional varieties at different frequencies, but stable lines didn't appear in conventional varieties crossing with conventional varieties. Genetic analysis results indicated that the EGS phenomena should just exist in special rice materials, and the frequency of stable lines was closely related to the EGS traits of parents. The EGS traits were neither qualitative nor quantitative traits, and they were controlled by neither dominant genes nor recessive genes. The EGS traits might be inherited by F1 single plant, and the traits of F3 and F4 were corresponded to those of F2 population, i.e. F3 and F4 lines derived from non-segregating F2 showed uniform agronomic traits, and those from segregating F2.did not. The agronomic traits of EGS lines were consistent with those of F1 single plant. On the other hand, when EGS lines occurred, the segregating lines in Mendelian manner were also observed in all F2 population of the same combination. It was suggested that the reason why the stable strains occurred might be a special factor to control (open/close) gene at the beginning of cell division in zygote, resulting in closing mitosis and opening somatic reduction. The somatic reduction of zygote resulted in recombination and homozygosity forming in F1 single plant, and some lines with uniform agronomic traits were observed in some lines of F2 population. 相似文献
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水稻淡黄叶隐性标记不育系育种进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
概述了杂交水稻种子纯度鉴定的主要方法以及水稻淡黄叶隐性叶色标记不育系的特点和应用价值。自从2006年水稻淡黄叶隐性标记光温敏不育系安农标810S育成以来,以该不育系为标记基因供体,采用常规杂交转育的方法,初步育成了标泰S、标88S、标CS、1166S和H159A等多个淡黄叶标记新不育系。介绍了这些不育系的主要特性及所配部分组合的表现。 相似文献
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杂交育种是植物耐盐新品种选育的重要途径之一,而对杂种F2代耐盐能力的综合评价至关重要。本研究以柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)F2代的53个单株为研究对象,以亲本材料Alamo、Dacotah和F1代的DA90、DA120为参照,采用沙培法,在250 mmol/L NaCl的胁迫条件下进行耐盐性分析。在盐处理24 d后,测定电解质外渗率(EL)、相对含水量(RWC)、干重(DW)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs),通过对耐盐指数STTI进行主成分分析和隶属函数分析,结果表明:柳枝稷F2代的不同材料间耐盐能力存在显著差异。亲本Alamo的耐盐能力较高,亲本Dacotah的耐盐能力较差,F1代的DA90和DA120的耐盐能力中等,F2代的耐盐性有明显分离,表现在6份F2代材料的耐盐能力强于耐盐亲本Alamo,7份F2代材料的耐盐能力弱于不耐盐亲本Dacotah。主成分分析结果得到3个主成分,累计贡献率达87.47%。聚类分析将57份参试材料分为5类,分别代表不同耐盐程度的类群。隶属函数分析表明,F2代的39、45、27、48、35、53、7号耐盐性最强,该结果为柳枝稷耐盐相关性状的遗传图谱构建、QTL定位、柳枝稷耐盐育种奠定了基础。 相似文献
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割手密具有宿根性好、抗逆性强和适应性广等特性,是甘蔗育种中利用最多,育种成效最显著的野生种。进一步发掘和利用割手密优良抗逆基因资源对现代甘蔗品种改良具有重要意义。为获得更多优良割手密的真实杂交后代,本研究以2个地方种为母本、3个野生割手密为父本进行杂交,获得3个F1群体,共359份杂交后代。并从21对SSR标记中筛选出在双亲中具有多态性且扩增条带清晰的6对SSR标记,基于高通量的荧光毛细管电泳检测平台进行杂交后代真实性鉴定、亲本指纹图谱分析、遗传相似性分析和特异性条带的遗传分析。结果表明:共筛选出的6对SSR标记对5个亲本材料的分辨率较高,扩增多态性好,每个亲本都具有其特异的SSR指纹,可有效鉴定其杂交后代血缘的真实性;其中,359份F1个体中共鉴定出真杂种262份,3个组合的真杂种率分别为67.77%、75.51%、75.66%,平均值为72.98%。遗传相似性分析表明2个地方种的遗传相似性系数为0.70,3个割手密两两间的遗传相似性系数分别为0.53、0.60和0.70,地方种和割手密间为0.38~0.53,种间遗传相似性系数小于种内。亲本特异性SSR位点的遗传分析结果表明,3个组合的母本特异性条带遗传率分别为68.47%、80.96%、73.39%,平均值为74.27%,而父本特异性条带遗传率分别为58.90%、76.60%、61.45%,平均值为65.65%,杂交后代具有偏母本遗传倾向,因此,在甘蔗杂交育种中应选择综合农艺性状较好的材料作为母本。本研究结果为今后割手密杂交后代的鉴定提供了高效、可靠的SSR标记选择,同时鉴定出的真实割手密后代群体可为开展割手密优异性状的遗传研究提供种质材料,为选育超亲遗传株系提供科学依据。 相似文献
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麦/油-稻轮作下秸秆还田与氮肥管理对直播杂交稻氮素利用特征的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
【目的】探明秸秆还田和氮肥管理对麦/油后直播杂交稻氮素积累、转运、氮肥利用效率及籽粒产量的影响。【方法】选用优质三系杂交稻宜香优2115,采用二因素裂区设计,麦、油茬田同步开展试验,处理完全一致。主区为麦/油秸秆全量翻埋还田(M1)和秸秆不还田(对照,M0),副区设4个氮肥管理,即不施氮对照(N0)、m基肥∶m分蘖肥∶m促花肥∶m保花肥比例分别为1∶0∶0∶0(N1)、3∶3∶2∶2(N2)、2∶2∶3∶3(N3),测定了直播杂交稻主要生育时期各器官的氮素积累量及籽粒产量。【结果】结果表明,两种轮作方式下,氮肥管理对直播杂交稻主要生育时期的氮素积累、齐穗后茎鞘、叶片的氮素转运及稻株氮素利用效率均存在显著或极显著的调控效应。秸秆还田显著提高麦/油茬杂交稻中后期的氮素积累量、茎鞘和叶片的氮素转运量以及氮肥利用效率,其中,氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥表观利用率较秸秆不还田分别提高了34.96%/28.76%、2.52%/2.61%和31.91%/22.30%。同时,油菜秸秆还田下直播杂交稻各生育时期氮素积累和产量较麦秆还田表现更好,籽粒产量提高481 kg/hm2(5.22%)。M1N2处理、M0N3处理下,直播杂交稻各阶段的氮素积累速率明显加大,促进结实期茎鞘和叶片的氮素向穗部转运,成熟期稻株氮素积累量优势明显且有较高的氮素利用效率(麦/油茬稻氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和表观利用率分别达17.87 kg∙kg-1/17.85 kg∙kg-1、67.27 kg∙kg-1/71.28 kg∙kg-1、74.93%/75.05%),最终实现高产。【结论】在麦/油-稻轮作下秸秆全量还田,配合N2氮肥管理,可有效提高直播杂交稻氮素吸收、利用效率,增加籽粒产量,尤以油菜秸杆还田的效果更好。 相似文献