控制奶牛乳房炎的饲料添加剂

近年来的研究表明，乳房炎的感染受血浆维生素E和硒水平的影响。在日粮中添加维生素E和硒能够提高乳腺对感染的天然抵抗力。     

预防奶牛乳房炎的5种饲料添加剂

<正>随着气温的逐渐回升,又将进入奶牛乳房炎的多发季节。奶牛一旦发生乳房炎就会造成很大的经济损失,最好的办法就是防患于未然,以下几种饲料添加剂在预防奶牛乳房炎方面有一定的作用,现介绍如下。1中草药添加剂运用中草药作为添加剂预防奶牛乳房炎已经开发出多种方剂。谢慧胜等报道,用由党参、当     

常用的控制奶牛乳房炎的饲料添加剂

目前常用的控制奶牛乳房炎的饲料添加剂有以下几种：1维生素E和硒近年来的研究表明，乳房炎的感染受血浆维生素E和硒水平的影响。在日粮中添加维生素E和硒能够提高乳腺对感染的天然抵抗力。维生素E具有抗氧化作用，是所有脂类膜必不可少的组成部分，可消除细胞膜上的自由基，从而保护中性粒细胞的细胞膜免受自由基的攻击和过氧化损伤。维生素E对机体的免疫反应有重要影响，它不仅能增强机体的体液免疫反应，而且能提高细胞免疫功能和嗜中性白细胞杀伤金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的能力。众多试验证明，维生素E能提高奶牛某些免疫细胞的功能，改善乳房的健康以及降低犊牛的发病率和死亡率等。     

控制奶牛乳房炎的饲料添加剂

1 维生素E和硒 近年来的研究表明．乳房炎的感染受血浆维生素E和硒水平的影响。在日粮中添加维生素E和硒能够提高乳腺对感染的天然抵抗力。维生素E具有抗氧化作用。是所有脂类膜必不可少的组成部分，可消除细胞膜上的自由基，从而保护中性粒细胞的细胞膜免受自由基的攻击和过氧化损伤。维生素E对机体的免疫反应有重要影响。它不仅能增强机体的体液免疫反应。而且能提高细胞免疫功能和嗜中性白细胞杀伤金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的能力。众多试验证明，维生素E能提高奶牛某些免疫细胞的功能，改善乳房的健康以及降低犊牛的发病率和死亡率等。     

几种可控制奶牛乳房炎的饲料添加剂

1维生素E和硒维生素E具有抗氧化作用,是所有脂类膜必不可少的组成部分,可消除细胞膜上的自由基,从而保护中性粒细胞的细胞膜免受自由基的攻击和过氧化损伤。维生素E对机体的免疫反应有重要影响,不仅能增强机体的体液免疫反应,而且能提高细胞免疫功能和嗜中性白细胞杀伤金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的能力。很多试验说明,维生素E能提高奶牛某些免疫细胞的功能,改善乳房的健康以及降低犊牛的发病率和死亡率。     

中草药饲料添加剂在奶牛乳房炎治疗中的研究进展

奶牛乳房炎与生产密切相关,会影响奶牛的健康和各项性能,尤其是泌乳性能.患有乳房炎的奶牛产奶量下降,乳品质降低,严重制约牛业发展.近年来,中草药添加剂在治疗乳房炎方面取得一定的进展.文章重点阐述中草药添加剂防治奶牛乳房炎的研究进展,为抗乳房炎饲料添加剂的研发提供参考.     

中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶量及乳房炎防治的影响

通过在奶牛日粮中添加中草药饲料添加剂,研究饲喂后对产奶量及乳房炎防治的影响.结果表明,试验组比对照组产奶量提高了5.96%～8.02%,乳房炎的发生率降低0.5%～0.7%,治愈疗程缩短了1～1.5 天.     

亚硒酸钠维生素E和左旋咪唑防治奶牛隐性乳房炎试验

据作者统计,奶牛隐性乳房炎有25％～30％可转为临床发病,造成较大的损失,放对隐性乳房炎一定要进行防治。坦奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生是由多种因素造成的,放对其防治也有多种手段,药物防治是手段之一。目前报道的防治奶牛隐性乳房炎的药物较多,但有些由于有抗生素残留而影响经济效益,有些因方法问题而不适于大群防治。为此,作者于1998年2～7月,选择亚硒酸钠维生素E（简称硒E粉）和左旋咪叹这二种药物对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行了防治试验。1材料与方法1．1检查及防治对象：广州某黑白花奶牛场27O头泌乳牛。1．2检查方法及到定标准：用CMT…     

应用维生素E防止奶牛乳房炎

奶牛乳房炎长期以来是奶牛的一种主要病症[1]。要提高牛奶的质量和饲养户的经济收入,必须改进对奶牛乳房炎的控制方法,因为乳房炎并不是由单一的病原菌所引起,而是由包括多种微生物（主要是细菌）直接感染乳腺的结果,所以依靠单纯的控制乳房炎的方法是非常困难,而且难以奏     

奶牛乳房炎的治疗方法

奶牛乳房炎是乳腺受到物理、化学、微生物刺激所发生的一种炎性变化.本病以乳汁的理化性改变为主,由多种非特定的病原微生物引起,不仅影响产奶量、牛乳质量、延长产后发情和妊娠时间,严重时还能使奶牛泌乳机能丧失而被淘汰,是世界奶牛业的主要危害因素之一[1-3].笔者根据多年的治疗经验,总结如下.     

The transmission and control of mastitis in dairy cows: a theoretical approach

A multi-species model that incorporates the transmission of both major and minor mastitis pathogens as well as the interaction between them via coinfection of a quarter is fitted to data from seven dairy herds. The results suggest that major and minor pathogens can interact, on occasion, in a counter-intuitive way with implications for the control of clinical mastitis. The key finding is that delaying culling of cows with major pathogen infections for more than 100 days post infection could result in a higher prevalence of major pathogen infections, whereas early culling would reduce the levels. A theoretical exploration of current and proposed control strategies is carried out, informed by parameters estimated from the model and data. The results at each stage suggest of areas of further research such as: field-testing of the hypotheses presented; the exploration of a stochastic formulation of the model; analysis of the raw repeated measures data; application of control theory to determine the most effective combination of control strategies; inclusion of economic factors into the modelling framework.     

中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛乳房炎的影响研究进展

奶牛乳房炎制约了奶牛养殖业的快速发展,目前奶牛乳房炎的预防与治疗主要依靠抗生素,抗生素的滥用和乱用对人、动物、生态环境的危害越发严峻,寻找安全有效的防治措施尤为重要。中草药及其提取物具有良好的抗菌、消炎等功效,且安全、绿色、无残留,能有效抑制病原菌,缓解炎症反应,改善泌乳功能,成为防治奶牛乳房炎的热点课题。因此,本文对中草药饲料添加剂对奶牛乳房炎的影响研究进展进行综述,为中草药及其提取物的开发利用、奶牛乳房炎防治提供可行的参考依据。 [关键词] 中草药|提取物|奶牛乳房炎|抗生素|饲料添加剂     

Experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis mastitis in dairy cows

The inoculation of 2000 colony-forming units of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis into one teat canal of each of three cows resulted in severe, chronic, pyogranulomatous mastitis. Within three days the cows had a reduced haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration and red cell count. The anaemia was initially normocytic, normochromic and non-regenerative, and was associated with a brief peak of neutrophilia; a regenerative response became evident two to three weeks later. Clinical signs of mastitis appeared seven to 14 days after the inoculation, with a peak of high fever, more severe anaemia, a second peak of neutrophilia and the complete cessation of milk production from all quarters; extensive and severe pyogranulomatous mastitis developed in the inoculated quarters. No other lesions were detected postmortem, and C pseudotuberculosis was cultured from the affected quarters but not from the supramammary lymph nodes and viscera.     

The effect of mastitis on milk progesterone concentration in dairy cows

A within cow comparison was made between milk progesterone levels in healthy and mastitic quarters. Material was collected from cows with mastitis induced by bacterial inoculation, or by inoculation with bacterial endotoxin. Furthermore material from cows with spontaneous subclinical mastitis was used. Milk progesterone levels were lowered due to mastitis. However, the decrease was not large enough to cause misinterpretation of where in the oestrous cycle (luteal phase or non-luteal phase) the samples were taken.     

奶牛全混合日粮

奶牛传统饲喂程序为：青贮料→精料（加水拌和）→副料（糟渣类）→青绿料→干草→汤料,由于几种料分开饲喂,造成先吃进的料在瘤胃先发酵,后吃进的料在瘤胃后发酵（前后采食时间差2～3小时）.由于不同的饲料在瘤胃内发酵产生的PH值不同,易造成瘤胃PH值较大的波动;蛋白质饲料和碳水化合物饲料发酵不同步,因此降低瘤胃微生物同时利用氮和碳合成菌体蛋白的效率;由于不同饲料适口性不同,易造成挑食精料现象,很容易使奶牛尤其是高产牛发生酸中毒.特别是产后一段时间减重过量,相继发生繁殖延迟和代谢病增多;其次由于牛的＂偏嗜性＂和人的＂偏爱性＂造成的精料、糟粕料进食过多,导致养分摄食量不平衡带来的营养性代谢病增加,同时也造成饲料的浪费。     

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections from subclinical mastitis in dairy cows during a control programme

The objective was to investigate the spread of S. aureus in seven dairy herds. Milk samples were taken to determine mastitis pathogens and somatic cell count. An approved hygiene programme was established to control the spread of S. aureus from quarter to quarter. S. aureus isolates were differentiated by geno- and phenotyping to trace their spread within a herd.In two herds S. aureus showed a high prevalence, but were eliminated from the herds by the control programme. In these herds and a third herd typing results identified a particular type that was found much more frequently than all other types. The frequent types were repeatedly detectable during the study. In three other herds with a lower S. aureus prevalence and also in one herd with a long history of S. aureus and high prevalence subclinical mastitis was caused by several distinguishable S. aureus types. These types occurred simultaneously in the particular herd and showed little or no tendency to spread from quarter to quarter. They seemed to circumvent the control procedures resulting in a relatively high rate of new infected animals and therefore were hardly eliminated. The typing results and the clinical observations indicated that strains differed in their tendency to spread and their ability to infect udder quarters. In three herds typing methods identified a predominant type with the common epidemiological features of a contagious mastitis pathogen, while in the other herds the S. aureus type patterns were similar to that of environmental pathogens.     

血清微量元素与奶牛乳房炎发病关系的试验

生物体内的微量元素、维生素在清除自由基的过程中发挥着重要的生理功能,微量元素铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se),锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)是某些抗氧化物酶的主要构成成分,发挥抗氧化作用;维生素A、维生素C、维生素E具有抗氧化作用,是生物体内良好的自由基清除剂[1].     

Automated detection of estrus and mastitis in dairy cows

The development and test of detection models for oestrus and mastitis in dairy cows is described in a PhD thesis that was defended in Wageningen on June 5, 2000. These models were based on sensors for milk yield, milk temperature, electrical conductivity of milk, and cow activity and concentrate intake, and on combined processing of the sensor data. The models alert farmers to cows that need attention, because of possible oestrus or mastitis. A first detection model for cows, milked twice a day, was based on time series models for the sensor variables. A time series model describes the dependence between successive observations. The parameters of the time series models were fitted on-line for each cow after each milking by means of a Kalman filter, a mathematical method to estimate the state of a system on-line. The Kalman filter gives the best estimate of the current state of a system based on all preceding observations. This model was tested for 2 years on two experimental farms, and under field conditions on four farms over several years. A second detection model, for cow milked in an automatic milking system (AMS), was based on a generalization of the first model. Two data sets (one small, one large) were used for testing. The results for oestrus detection were good for both models. The results for mastitis detection were varying (in some cases good, in other cases moderate). Fuzzy logic was used to classify mastitis and oestrus alerts with both detection models, to reduce the number of false positive alerts. Fuzzy logic makes approximate reasoning possible, where statements can be partly true or false. Input for the fuzzy logic model were alerts from the detection models and additional information. The number of false positive alerts decreased considerably, while the number of detected cases remained at the same level. These models make automated detection possible in practice.     

Analysis of the clinical findings used to diagnose coliform mastitis in dairy cows, and comparison to a prediction model

Logistic regression was used to analyze the clinical findings (attributes) which predicted coliform mastitis in 113 dairy cattle, 36 of which had coliforms cultured from milk. Weakness of the cow, swelling of the udder, decreased body temperature and watery consistency of the milk were selected for the model. An analysis was then done to find the attributes which clinicians used when predicting that a cow would have a coliform cultured. Clinicians appeared to use water consistency of the milk, shivering, firmness of the udder, pulse rate, elevated body temperature, and respiratory rate. In a final analysis the clinicians' predictions were forced into the model to determine which attributes might be used by clinicians to increase diagnostic accuracy. Inclusion of weakness of the cow, swelling of the udder, decreased temperature of the cow, and duration of mastitis of less than 24 hours increased accuracy over clinical prediction alone. Accuracy of cowside diagnosis might be increased if more attention were paid to these attributes when making a diagnosis of coliform mastitis.