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随着人民对优质米需求的增长,推广安全健康有机水稻的种植技术势在必行。介绍了黄海稻区独特的环境气候优势,从插秧、施肥、生育期水层管理、机械及人工除草、病虫害科学防治等方面重点阐述了适合黄海稻区的有机水稻栽培管理技术。 相似文献
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辽宁东南沿海东起丹东西到大连的狭长地带,拥有水田130余万亩,称为黄海稻区。该稻区由于特定的地理位置和气候条件决定了其生产上应用的水稻品种与其它稻区通然不同。品种定向,从广义上理解,应该包含品种引、选、育、繁到应用的方向,可称之为水稻生产上的一项重大工程。1优势和劣势偏居一隅的黄海稻区,大部分稻田分布在沿海平原,地势平坦,灌排方便,土质较好,气候温和(年平均气温8.4-9.4℃),雨量充沛(年降水量700一900mm),水源充足,无霜期较长(16-17天),素有东北小江南之称誉,这些都是该稻区得天独厚的优势。但是,… 相似文献
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位于黄海稻区核心地带的丹东地区,是国内稻瘟病重发区之一,水稻生产受稻瘟病影响较严重。介绍了稻瘟病的定义及症状类别,分析了黄海稻区稻瘟病发生因素及特点,提出了农艺措施结合药剂防治的稻瘟病综合防治技术,以期减轻稻瘟病危害,减少稻谷损失,确保黄海稻区水稻生产安全。 相似文献
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【目的】最近十余年,是我国杂交稻优质化从修订审定指标引导到全面推进的重要时期,回顾这一时期我国优质杂交稻的选育与推广进程,对于完善和指导未来的水稻育种具有重要的意义。【方法】试验材料与数据来自2009-2020年我国杂交水稻主要品种的推广面积统计汇总、品种审定试验结果及品种系谱资料。分析了各主要稻区优质杂交稻品种的推广应用总体情况,梳理了主要优质杂交稻品种利用的不育系、恢复系及各系列品种推广面积,还回顾了各稻区主栽品种更替历程。【结果】这一时期,我国优质杂交稻品种推广面积持续快速增长,各主要稻区品种优质率显著提升,但高档优质稻品种仍然缺乏。优质杂交稻品种的亲本来源比较单一,集中于15个骨干不育系和9个恢复系。此外,分析结果还显示我国各主要稻区主栽优质杂交稻品种总体上进行了1~2次大规模更替。【结论】过去12年来,得益于水稻科研育种技术创新驱动,我国杂交稻优质化育种进程明显加快,各稻区优质杂交水稻品种不断涌现,推广面积快速增加,生产主推优质品种比重显著提升。 相似文献
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Practices and Prospects of Super Hybrid Rice Breeding 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
CHEN Li-yun XIAO Ying-hui TANG Wen-bang LEI Dong-yang 《水稻科学》2007,14(2):71-77
The great progress in super rice breeding both in China and other countries has been made in recent years. However, there were three main problems in super rice breeding: 1) the super rice varieties were still rare; 2) most super rice varieties exhibited narrow adaptability; and 3) current breeding theories emphasized too much on the rice growth model, but they were unpractical in guidance for rice breeding. According to the authors’ experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategies including three steps (super parent breeding, super hybrid rice breeding and super hybrid rice seed production) were proposed, and the objectives of each step and the key technologies to achieve the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional trials. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria: good rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, resistance to main insects and diseases, and the yield exceeded above 8% over the control varieties in the national and provincial regional trials. To achieve the goal, the technical strategies, such as selecting optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, paying more attention to harmony of ideal plant type, excellent physiological traits and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of seed production should reach 3.75 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha for the super hybrid rice combinations derived from early-season and middle-season types of male sterile lines, respectively. The main technologies for raising seed production yield included selecting optimum seed production site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the technologies of the three-step breeding on super hybrid rice, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a thermo(photo)-genic male sterile [T(P)GMS] line C815S, were bred. Furthermore, a super early hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which could be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent, and several hybrid rice combinations with higher yield than control variety in regional trials both of Hunan Province and state were bred with the T(P)GMS line C815S as the female parent. 相似文献
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“十二五”以来,我国水稻审定品种数量快速增加,结构类型逐步优化;杂交稻制种面积波动明显,制种结构不断优化;种子市场价格稳步上涨,市场规模不断扩大;大面积推广品种数量和面积双减,品种优质率明显提升;水稻种子出口贸易量窄幅波动,贸易金额稳步增长。但同时,我国水稻种业发展也面临育种创新能力有待增强、企业竞争力有待提升、种子生产水平有待提高、杂交稻种子出口有待扩大等问题与挑战。从未来发展看,生物育种等新技术将加速发展,突破性新品种将加快推广应用,种子市场集中度将持续提升,杂交稻国际战略将从产品输出向技术输出转变。 相似文献
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伊犁河谷水稻生产发展现状与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对伊犁河谷水稻生产发展的现状和存在的问题,分析了发展优质稻米的优势,结合实际提出加大优质稻新品种选育和推广力度;优化区域布局,加强优质稻米基地建设;抓好优质稻栽培技术的推广应用;加强优质种子生产和经营管理;扶持龙头企业,实现企业规模化生产,促进优质稻生产的产业化经营等发展优质稻米生产的思路与对策。 相似文献
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鸡东县土质肥沃,水资源丰富,适于水稻种植。近几年,随着新品种的推广应用,水稻产量逐年上升,为了使水稻生产立足本地资源优势,面对目前在水稻良种繁育、体系建设、技术应用、农业科普教育等方面存在的制约当地水稻发展的各种因素,提出应依靠科技进步,把发展产业带与增加农民收入相结合,采取节本增效、实施高产栽培、重点引进扶植龙头企业等措施,以推动水稻产业化进程。 相似文献
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1999年~2009年辽宁省水稻生产取得了突破性进展,总的趋势是面积显著增加,总产量不断提高。这其中新品种选育与应用、稻作技术发展、稻米加工和产业化是促进水稻发展的重要因素。在此基础上探讨了辽宁水稻生产进一步发展的途径,即加强优质水稻新品种选育和推广、水稻先进实用技术研究与推广、水稻生产环境监控与质量标准建设、优质稻米种植规模化与开发产业化。 相似文献
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加快淮北地区杂交粳稻发展的几个问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
回顾了淮北地区十多年来杂交粳稻示范推广的发展过程,分析了影响杂交粳稻发展的主要原因,并论述了加快该地区杂交粳稻发展的几个主要问题。 相似文献
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