肉用仔鸡的饲粮铜水平（续第2期）

肉用仔鸡的饲粮铜水平（续第２期）何霆，刘汉林，梁琳，刘翠珍（广东省农科院畜牧研究所广州５１０６４０）２．２组织铜含量２．２．１２周龄肝脏除日粮含铜１９．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ和２０９．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ的两组公、母鸡肝铜含量有差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）外，其余各组差异不显...     

啤酒酵母可作为肉用仔鸡饲粮的制粒助剂

用含0、2.5和5.0%喷雾干燥的啤酒干酵母(BDY)或带有2.5%的木质素磺酸盐产品(LSP)而不含 BDY 的四种颗粒饲粮饲喂肉用仔鸡,从1日龄饲喂到7周龄。     

肉用仔鸡日粮中添加复合酶制剂效益分析

复合酶制剂是一种新的高效饲料添加剂,它能提高饲料利用率,改善饲料品质,促进肉鸡生长,增强肉鸡对疾病的抵抗能力,我们在小群饲养试验证实其饲喂效果并获得最佳剂量的基础上,于1991年4月到6月在长春市郊区某一小型鸡场进行了扩群试验,提     

肉用仔鸡低能日粮与早期限量饲喂效果试验

由于肉鸡增重快,体内脂肪,尤其是腹脂沉积过多,因而腿病、猝死和腹水症等的发病率也随之增高.为此本试验探讨了低能日粮和早期限饲对商品代肉鸡的生长、肉质和发病率的影响.     

以可利用氨基酸配制肉仔鸡饲粮

以可利用氨基酸配制肉仔鸡饲粮周韶（青海畜牧兽医学院西宁８１０００３）饲粮氨基酸平衡的重要性很早就已受到人们的重视，Ｏｓｂｏｒｎｅ和Ｍｅｎｄｅ在１９１４年首先提出了饲粮氨基酸配比概念。由于不同饲料原料配制的总氨基酸平衡饲粮，在饲养实践中的结果往往不一致...     

日粮能蛋水平对肉用仔鸡屠宰性能及肉质的影响

日粮能蛋水平对肉用仔鸡屠宰性能及肉质的影响甘肃农业大学王彦文西北民族学院宋志琪肉鸡加工厂最关心影响鸡活体质量的诸多因素，其中主要的因素之一便是腹脂含量。腹脂通常是降低屠体产肉量的原因。附着在内脏上面和内脏之间的脂肪和一部分腹脂在加工和制冷车间被处理掉...     

肉用仔鸡饲粮氨基酸添加量试验

1 试验设计及方法肉用商品代AA肉用仔鸡1日龄初雏1530只。采用正交试验设计方法进行试验,选用L_9(3~4)设计,随机分9组,每组170只。初雏重40克左右,组间差异不显著。每组蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、氯化胆碱不同水平添加量见表1。本试验进行6周,按0～3周、4～6周分前期和后期两种基础饲粮营养水平,详见表2。     

全脂大豆的加工及其对肉用仔鸡的饲用价值

<正>全脂大豆是世界上公认的人类优质的食物来源,在人类食物组成中占有重要地位。不仅如此,全脂大豆还是动物良好的蛋白质补充饲料,同时也是良好的补充日粮脂肪和必需脂肪酸,提高日粮能量浓度的饲料。在动物饲养中,对于生长初期的幼龄动物、肉用仔鸡、高产蛋鸡和高产奶牛等,往往需要添加脂肪或用脂肪含     

高铜日粮对肉鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响

为了了解高铜日粮对肉鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响,试验将200羽1日龄商品代科宝肉仔鸡随机分为4组,各组日粮中铜含量分别为Ⅰ组(对照组)11 mg/kg、Ⅱ组110 mg/kg、Ⅲ组330 mg/kg和Ⅳ组550 mg/kg,在饲养10,20,30,40,50天时每组各取5只鸡分离血清,检测血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明:与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组SOD、GR、GSH-Px的活性升高,T-AOC升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组SOD、GR、GSH-Px的活性及T-AOC先出现代偿性升高(P<0.05),随着饲喂时间的延长,该系列指标降低(P<0.05)。Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组MDA的含量均升高(P<0.05)。说明日粮铜含量达到或超过330 mg/kg可引起肉鸡血清抗氧化酶活性降低,致使血清抗氧化功能受损。     

Characterisation of undigested components throughout the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed either a wheat-or maizebased diet

This study was to characterise the undigested nutrients present along the gastrointestinal tract of birds offered common wheat-or maize-based diets, with the goal of optimising utilisation of enzymes to enhance digestive efficiency. Wheat-and maize-based diets were offered to 240 mixed-sex broilers(10birds/pen; n = 12) from 1 to 35 d post-hatch. Digestibility of dry matter, starch, crude protein and nonstarch polysaccharides(NSP) were measured in the crop, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caec...     

Evaluation of growth performance of broiler birds fed with diet containing different levels of velvet bean meal as an alternative protein ingredient

The effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by the velvet bean meal (VBM) as an alternative protein ingredient on the growth performance of broiler birds was investigated. The seed materials of velvet bean (VB) [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck], an under-utilized food legume collected from South India, was found to contain appreciable levels of proteins (265 g/kg DM); lipid (65.1 g/kg DM); Neutral Detergent Fiber (84.3 g/kg DM) and ash content (49.2 g/kg DM). Soaking in sodium-bi-carbonate solution + autoclaving treatment was found to cause substantial reduction on the levels of antinutritional compounds such as tannins (75%), L-Dopa (81%), phytic acid (70%), raffinose (92%), stachyose (89%), verbascose (71%), haemagglutinating activity (75%), trypsin inhibitor activity (78%) and α-amylase inhibitor activity (77%) without affecting the nutritional quality of VB seeds. Such processed VBM was incorporated as an alternative protein source by replacing the SBM protein at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% levels in the commercial type broiler diets. Replacement of SBM up to 40% level with VBM as an alternative protein ingredient in the poultry diet, which corresponds to the inclusion of VBM up to 15.7% in the starter feed and 11% in the finisher phase poultry feed, exhibited better growth performance of the broiler birds without any adverse effects.     

肉仔鸡氨基酸营养研究进展

从可消化氨基酸需要量、维持氨基酸需要量和氨基酸适宜比例模型化研究3个方面对近年来肉仔鸡氨基酸营养研究的进展进行综述,并提出一些还需进一步研究的问题。     

Influence of graded levels of meals from three lupin species on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens

1. This study investigated the effect of different levels of seeds of lupin species (Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus luteus and Lupinus albus) on broiler growth performance, nutrient digestibility and apparent metabolisable energy of poultry diets.

2. A control diet containing corn–soybean meal and test diets containing 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g/kg of three lupin species were fed to broiler chickens during a 35-day study period. There were 10 replicate cages of 8 broiler chickens per treatment.

3. Growth performance of the birds fed with yellow and white lupin diets was found to be similar to that of the birds in the control group. The use of narrow-leaved lupin seeds in the diet quadratically decreased the body weight gain of birds and increased feed conversion ratio during all the experimental periods (0–14, 15–35 and overall 0–35 days of age).

4. A significant interaction between lupin species and their inclusion levels for apparent metabolisable energy and apparent ileal digestibility of starch was observed, showing a negative effect of increasing levels of narrow-leaved lupin. Pearson correlation coefficients demonstrated that the presence of raffinose and non-starch polysaccharides is a key factor affecting the nutritive value of lupin,

5. Yellow and white lupins could be utilised as an alternative ingredient for soybean meal in the diet of broiler chickens without any adverse effects on growth performance. The narrow-leaved counterpart diet reduced broiler performance, and hence did not provide a satisfactory outcome.     

Inclusion levels and modes of whole grain incorporation into wheat-based rations differentially influence the performance of broiler chickens

1. The objective was to compare three whole grain (WG) inclusion levels (7.5, 15 and 30%) offered to broiler chickens by three modes of WG incorporation: (i) pre-pellet WG inclusion, (ii) post-pellet WG inclusion as a blend of WG and pelleted concentrate and (iii) post-pellet WG inclusion where WG and pelleted concentrate were provided in separate feed trays against a ground-grain, wheat-based control diet.

2. Ten dietary treatments were offered to 6 replicate cages (6 birds per cage) of male Ross 308 chickens from 7 to 28 d post-hatch. The effects of treatment on relative gizzard weights, gizzard contents, pancreatic weights and pH of gizzard digesta were monitored. Parameters of growth performance, nutrient utilisation (apparent metabolisable energy [AME], metabolisable to gross energy [ME:GE] ratios, nitrogen [N] retention and N-corrected AME [AMEn]), apparent starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates in for small intestinal segments and concentrations of free amino acids in plasma taken from the anterior mesenteric vein were determined.

3. Whole grain feeding (WGF) did not influence weight gain, but 30% post-pellet blended and 15 and 30% post-pellet separated treatments significantly depressed (P < 0.05) feed intakes while the 30% post-pellet separated treatment improved (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratios (FCR). WGF regimes significantly increased relative gizzard weights.

4. Overall, WGF generated profound responses in AME, ME:GE ratios, N retention and AMEn that were highly correlated with relative gizzard weights. In general, WGF improved starch and protein (N) digestibilities and again there were some correlations with these outcomes and relative gizzard weights.

5. Post-pellet WG inclusions where WG and pelleted concentrate were offered separately provided chickens with the opportunity to choice feed. Birds showed a preference for the relatively high-protein pelleted concentrate and at 30% WG, this resulted in an improvement in FCR of 7.69% (1.260 versus 1.365; P < 0.001) relative to the ground-grain control diet.     

饲料铜水平对雏鸡组织器官中铜、铁、锌含量的影响

将80只1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只鸡,对照组喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加硫酸铜10、50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg,试验期21 d.试验结果表明:随日粮铜添加水平的增加,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量有所增加,尤其是铜添加量为100 mg/kg时,肝脏、胫骨中铜含量都显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).肝脏、胫骨中铁含量随铜添加水平的升高而逐渐下降.肝脏、胫骨中锌含量也随铜添加水平的变化而变化.     

A retrospective study on salmonella infection in Danish broiler flocks

A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with Salmonella enterica infection in Danish broiler production. The study was based on information in the antemortem database (AM database) where data were available for all broiler flocks slaughtered over the 2-year period from 1992 to 1993 in Denmark. The AM database contains information collected by the ante-mortem veterinarians, from the slaughterhouses, and from the salmonella examinations carried out at the National Veterinary Laboratory. The epidemiological unit was the individual broiler flock. The salmonella status of the flock was determined by examining the caecal tonsils from 16 3-week-old chickens from each flock. This procedure would detect a salmonella-infected flock, with a probability above 95%, if the prevalence is above 20%. Furthermore, the structure and quality of the collected data have been evaluated.

Fourteen variables were selected for analysis by multivariable logistic regression. An increased risk of salmonella infection in the broiler flocks was associated with the biggest hatcheries and feedmill, with an increasing number of houses on the farm, if the preceding flock was infected, and if the flock was reared in the autumn. Additionally, the main variables of the model were analysed by including a random effect at the house level. This resulted only in minor changes of the parameter estimates.     

Induction of oral lesions in broiler chicks by supplementing the diet with copper.

Copper sulfate was added to the diet of broiler chickens from 1 day to 3 weeks of age at the rate of 0.05% to 0.20% in order to evaluate its influence on the incidence of oral lesions. Both the incidence and severity of oral lesions showed a significant linear increase as the concentration of copper sulfate increased. Adding a level of sulfate equivalent to that produced by the highest level of copper sulfate failed to induce oral lesions. The severity of gizzard erosion also increased as the concentration of copper increased. Dietary copper sulfate supplementation should be considered a possible cause of oral lesions seen during the necropsy of avian species.