球虫病弱毒疫苗GC_(02)免疫接种对雏鸡脾脏组织结构的影响

通过建立球虫病弱毒疫苗GC02免疫接种雏鸡试验,研究GC02球虫病疫苗免疫接种对鸡的脾脏的影响。80羽1日龄肉杂鸡随机分为免疫接种组(试验组)和对照组(n=40)。免疫接种组于7日龄和14日龄各口服接种8 000个孢子化卵囊的球虫病疫苗,空白对照组接种生理盐水。在鸡21,28,35和42日龄分别于试验组和对照组中各取鸡10羽,颈静脉放血致死,立即解剖取脾脏,制作石蜡切片,显微观察。结果显示,攻虫后的短时间内脾脏细胞生长受到抑制,生长发育缓慢。随后,免疫应答明显,脾脏发育明显。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒弱毒苗研究

从广西13个有传染性支气管炎病史的鸡场采集病料,用9～10天龄鸡胚进行病毒的分离。分离物经接种鸡胚的病变特征以及分离物的电子显微镜形态学观察、复归易感鸡、病毒的耐热性试验、乙醚敏感试验、病毒的核酸类型鉴定,对新城疫病毒生长的干扰试验和鸡胚中试验共八项指标的检验,证实成功分离出4株传染性支气管炎病毒(分别命名为C、G、Z和Q株)。在18～20天龄鸡胚气管环培养物上与六种标准的IBV血清型的阳性血清作病毒中和试验,结果确定C株和G株属Holte型,Z株和Q株属Mass型.各毒经株9～10天龄鸡胚传代培养20或80代,对易感鸡的毒力已很微弱。经实验室免疫攻毒保护试验,发现一次免疫末能提供足够的保护力,而二次疫免能提供足够的保护力。根据此结果在五县市、11个鸡场、30群共103 761羽不同品种鸡的田间试验,确定了用C80株或C60株作一免(5日龄)、G20株作二免(15日龄)的效果最好,显著优于未免疫对照组(P<0.01)。     

毒喘毒注射液治疗猪喘气病试验报告

试验组用“毒喘毒”注射液，对照组用某抗菌素注射液，对348头患猪进行治疗试验对比。结果表明，试验组治愈率94.82%，显效率5.18%，无效率0，猪肉无药物残留检出。对照组治愈率50％，显效率30％，无效率20％，猪肉有药物残留。     

鸡痘弱毒苗几种免疫途径的安全性及免疫效果

取鸡痘弱毒苗分别以饮水、滴鼻、点眼、肌肉注射、刺翼等5种途径各免疫7日龄非免疫鸡10只，剂量为10羽份／只，免疫后观察14d，检查不同免疫方式对鸡只的安全性；同时，用1个羽份的鸡痘弱毒苗采用上述5种途径各免疫32日龄非免疫鸡20只，接种后28天，连同对照鸡只，用鸡痘强毒攻击，观察21d，比较不同免疫途径鸡痘弱毒苗对鸡只的保护效果。试验结果表明，5种途径免疫的鸡只均安全；饮水、滴鼻、点眼、肌肉注射、刺等5种途径对强毒的攻击保护率分别为60％，60％，50％，60％和100％。     

罗红霉素对鸡毒支原体感染的治疗试验

20日龄京白雏鸡210只,随机分成七组,其中六组用鸡毒支原体攻毒发病,五组分别饮用50ppm,25ppm,12.5ppm的罗红霉素、125ppm的硫氰酸红霉素、50ppm的氧氟沙星,连用5天,一组作阳性对照组,末攻毒组作阴性对照组,结果各试验组的死亡率分别为0、0、0、3.3％、3.3％、33％、0。对鸡毒支原体感染的治疗试验表明,罗红霉素能明显降低鸡气囊损伤,较好地提高鸡的成病率,其中以中、高剂量的效果最好,低剂量与对照药物硫氰酸红霉素和氧氟沙星相当。     

泰万菌素对白羽鸡鸡毒支原体阳性率控制试验

本试验采用血清学平板凝集法检测白羽肉种鸡鸡毒支原体抗体水平,通过鸡毒支原体抗体阳性率的变化,分析泰万菌素对白羽肉种鸡鸡毒支原体病的防控效果。试验设置两栋规模和日龄相同的白羽肉种鸡舍作为试验组和对照组,试验组在泰万菌素给药前1d及停药后1d随机抽取50只鸡,对照组同批次于另一鸡舍随机抽取50只鸡,由翅中静脉采全血后分离血清;采用血清平板凝集法检测样品中血清鸡毒支原体抗体水平,计算鸡毒支原体抗体阳性率。试验组给药前鸡毒支原体血清抗体阳性率为54%,给药后为34%;对照组给药前鸡毒支原体血清抗体阳性率为40%,给药后为38%。白羽肉种鸡给药泰万菌素后,能明显降低血清中鸡毒支原体抗体的阳性率,反映出泰万菌素对肉种鸡鸡毒支原体有很好的疗效。     

蛋白营养粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和蓝耳病毒抗体效价的影响

选取160头23日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成A、B、C、D 4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头,A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C、D组为试验组,分别饲喂用蛋白营养粉以1%、2%、3%的添加量等比例替代基础日粮中鱼粉的日粮,研究蛋白营养粉替代鱼粉对仔猪生长性能和蓝耳病毒抗体效价的影响。试验期21 d。试验结果表明:试验前期(1～10 d),对照组平均日增重、料重比均优于各试验组,其中料肉比显著低于2%替代组(P<0.05);试验后期(11～21 d),1%替代组的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比等指标均优于对照组(P>0.05),2%替代组的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比较对照组差,但差异不明显(P>0.05);全期试验中,1%、2%替代组仔猪生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),试验组腹泻率较对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),试验组的蓝耳病毒抗体阳性率和抗体效价较对照组均有所提高。     

CAV对BWEL-SPE鸡的致病性试验及毒价测定

本实验用鸡传染性贫血病病毒标准株（CAV和Cux-1)和国内分离株（CAV M9905 CAV和H9906分别对BWEL-SPF雏鸡1-7家系进行1日龄和1月龄攻毒的致病性试验。1日龄雏鸡接种CAV Cux-1毒株，12天后观察到感染鸡的喙、腿、冠和爪等部位颜色变浅，16天剖杀，观察剖检变化，并进行IFA和PCR检测，确定感染率和CAV毒价。结果CAV Cux-1株对1日龄BWEL-SPF雏鸡半数感染量（CID50）为10^4.3/0.2ml。同时检测到CAV Cux-1株对1月龄BWEL-SPF雏鸡发病率为60%；CAVM9905和CAV H9906对1日龄BWEL-SPF雏鸡发病率为100%，死亡率为40%、20%。     

鸡毒支原体感染病理模型复制

以鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)S6标准菌株不同浓度接种16日龄雏鸡,5d后用鸡新城疫疫苗(I系)诱导发病,对以鸡新城疫为诱导因子的鸡毒支原体野外环境病理模型复制进行研究。结果表明:鸡毒支原体S6攻毒菌液浓度为109CCU/mL,攻毒后第5天,用鸡新城疫疫苗(I系)喷雾,5羽份/只,进行激发,可成功复制出鸡毒支原体感染病理模型。     

产蛋鸡的性成熟日龄与脱肛之间的关系

在日本爱知县利用自来航鸡480羽,在自然条件下饲养到10周龄,然后舍内笼养(小笼长45厘米、宽30厘米,饲养4羽),以调查性成熟日龄和舍内照度不同与发生脱肛之间的关系。本试验分别设性成熟日龄(50％产蛋日龄)140天和160天,照度分别为5、10、15、20勒克斯四个处理,共八个试验组。全部试验鸡24周龄之前育4羽(0.8％)、在产蛋高峰的35周龄之前有20羽(4.2％)及在试验结束时(48周龄之前)有25羽(5.2％)发生脱肛。观察发现,140日龄试验组从产蛋50％到20—35周龄的高峰时     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …