F1代野猪繁殖及高效集成生产

<正>野猪F1代是采用杜洛克母猪与从吉林长白山地区引进的野山林公猪杂交所产的后代,含野猪血统50%。F1代抗病能力强,耐粗饲,易饲养,F1代野猪瘦肉率高达86%,其肉质鲜嫩香醇、野味浓郁,是一种低脂肪、高蛋白,富含氨基酸、各类维生素和微量元素的理想滋补保健肉类。F1代野猪养殖被人们誉为21世纪最具发展前景的养殖产业,被列入     

野家杂交猪的行为习性与饲养管理

由于野家杂交猪具有野味、保健、经济效益高三大优势,其养殖在这几年越来越受到人们的关注.野家杂交猪多是选用雄性野猪与家猪的F1代和F1代再进行回交、横交和再杂交的后代,是具有一定野猪血统和野猪特征的商品猪,有些研究者和养殖者称为"特种野猪",其产业化在国内具有很大的潜力.     

浅谈提高特种野猪繁殖性能的技术措施

“特种野猪”是以野猪为父本,以家猪为母本进行级进杂交,然后进行回交和横交固定,得到的既具有野猪血统又有当地家猪血统的品种野猪.然后定向培育,提纯复壮,稳定遗传性能,培育出特种野猪的新品种,公猪和母猪均可长期作种猪繁殖.其不同于家猪,外形似野猪,故取名为特种野猪.“特种野猪”既保持了纯野猪抗病力强、瘦肉率高、适应性广的优势,又具有比纯种野猪生长周期短,饲料利用率高、去除了野猪草腥味的特点.随着经济的发展,“猎奇、尝鲜、品绿”成为新的畜产品消费时尚,因此,特种野猪近年来受到广大消费者的青睐,养殖前景可观.     

大庆市成功驯养特种野猪

黑龙江省大庆市最近成功驯养出150头特种野猪。 这批特种野猪是以长白山纯种驯化野猪为父本,经过三代杂交培育,用玉米、小鱼、鸡蛋等饲料饲养而成,不食用普通家猪的饲料。 长白山野猪是我国东北大森林中稀有的业生动     

长白山野猪杂交一代的繁育与饲养

长白山特种野猪是指由家养纯种母猪与纯种长白山野公猪杂交而培育的三元杂交特种野猪品种,外型与纯野猪相似,既具野猪机警凶猛的野性又兼具家猪的可训性,抗病力强,极耐暑寒,既可圈养又能放养,食性杂,耐粗饲,易于管理。     

F2代海南特种野猪生长发育和胴体品质研究

为了研究海南特种野猪的生长发育规律和胴体品质,试验通过对F2代海南特种野猪的生长发育性状和胴体品质各项指标进行测定。结果表明:F2代海南特种野猪体型较小,初生重和断奶重较低,生长速度较缓慢;F2代海南特种野猪胴体重为25.19 kg,屠宰率为73.56%,背膘厚为2.46 mm,眼肌面积为37.47 cm2,后腿比例为14.93%,瘦肉率为52.38%,骨率为28.66%;屠宰率与宰前活重、眼肌面积、瘦肉率、后腿比例呈极显著正相关(P0.01),而与胴体重、皮脂率、背膘厚、板油比例、骨率呈极显著负相关(P0.01);瘦肉率与皮脂率、骨率、胴体重、背膘厚、板油比例呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与眼肌面积、后腿比例、屠宰率、宰前活重呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。海南特种野猪体型小,生长缓慢,但屠宰率和瘦肉率均较高,胴体品质呈现中国优质猪的特点。     

长白山特种猪养殖与开发前景

长白山特种野猪是选用长白山区优良雄性野猪做父本,我省的松辽黑猪做母本通过杂交而形成的_个新的瘦肉型猪种。它不同于家猪,形似野猪,属特种“野猪”的一种。特种野猪保持了野猪瘦肉率高、适应性强、野味浓厚的优点,又克服了野生母野猪仅在春季发情和人工圈养下不易成活和难以发情等缺点,使之能正常饲养繁殖。     

浅谈长自山特种野猪生态放养技术

1长白山特种野猪生物学特性 长白山特种野猪喜欢群居,整个猪群有明显的等级结构,野性强好争斗,在母猪发情期,为争夺母猪而争斗,优胜劣汰。     

几种养殖前景看好的特种养殖动物

特种野猪 经家猪和野猪杂交而来的特种野猪经人工几代驯化后,基因稳定,既保持了野猪瘦肉率高(为 86%,是家猪的 2倍)、抗病力强、适应性广、食性杂、耐粗饲等优势,又克服了野猪季节性发情,产仔少、生长慢、不易饲养及家猪疾病多等缺点,是目前新兴最热门的特养品种之一。目前野猪     

浅谈长白山特种野猪生态放养技术

<正>1长白山特种野猪生物学特性长白山特种野猪喜欢群居,整个猪群有明显的等级结构,野性强好争斗,在母猪发情期,为争夺母猪而争斗,优胜劣汰。     

Trait values of growth,carcass and meat quality in Wild Boar,Meishan and Pietrain pigs as well as their crossbred generations

The genetic diversity between European Wild Boar, Pietrain and Meishan and their crossbred generations are described on the basis of performance traits for growth, carcass composition and meat quality. Using the results of 1333 pigs, the highest growth rates were found in crossbred generations, indicating positive heterosis effects. In carcass composition, high meat content is associated with Pietrain and high fat content with Meishan alleles. Weights of organs were greatest in Wild Boar, the weight of the head was greatest in Meishan. Meat quality and stress resistance parameters point to superior gene effects in Wild Boar and Meishan. Crossbred animals of these genetically diverse pig sources generate the maximum variability for all traits, help to demonstrate the range of values for the specified breeds of pig and allow an efficient analysis of the genes influencing performance traits.     

Fibre structure and metabolites in M. longissimus dorsi of Wild Boar, Pietrain and Meishan pigs as well as their crossbred generations

Fibre traits and glycolytic metabolites in musculus longissimus dorsi of European Wild Boar, Pietrain and Meishan as well as their F₁ and F₂ crossbred generations were evaluated and compared. Pietrain had the highest relative number of white fibres and the largest muscle fibres. Wild Boar showed the smallest muscle fibres. The R -value and lactate level of Wild Boar and Meishan were low, whereas Pietrain had high R -values and lactate levels. The glycogen level was highest in Wild Boar and lowest in Meishan. The F₁- and F₂-crossbreds often had trait values between those of their founder breeds. Several antagonistic relations between fibre characteristics, muscle metabolites and performance traits for carcass and meat quality have been found. They are family-specific and strongest within the crossbreds of the Pietrain-based families.     

长白山脉(中国境内区域)中华秋沙鸭分布状况调查

2008和2009年,我们采取漂流调查和行走调查相结合的方式,对长白山脉(中国境内区域)的中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)繁殖种群分布状况进行了连续和重复调查.每年的调查都包括春季对中华秋沙鸭繁殖对和夏季繁殖家族的调查.两年期间,共调查了鸭绿江、松花江、图们江、牡丹江4个水系的17个河段,调查距离总计1553 km,共记录到中华秋沙鸭个体1354只.全部调查河段的中华秋沙鸭繁殖密度为每公里河段0.26±0.30个中华秋沙鸭繁殖对;春季中华秋沙鸭种群个体密度为平均每公里河段0.75±0.88只中华秋沙鸭个体.根据调查结果,我们初步估计在长白山脉我国境内区域分布的中华秋沙鸭繁殖种群数量大约为170对.在该项调查过程中,我们还探明了在长白山脉3个最主要的中华秋沙鸭繁殖栖息地.     

长白山野猪与杜洛克猪杂交1代猪肌内脂肪代谢酶HSL和MDH活性的发育性变化规律及其对肌内脂肪沉积影响的研究

为了研究长白山野猪与杜洛克猪杂交1代猪肌内脂肪代谢酶激素敏感脂酶（hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL）和苹果酸脱氢酶（malate dehydrogenase,MDH）活性的发育性变化规律及其对肌内脂肪沉积的影响,试验以5个体重组（20、35、50、70和90 kg）的长白山野猪与杜洛克猪的杂交1代猪（简称野杜F1代猪,各40头,公、母各半）为研究对象,研究了肌肉组织中脂肪代谢酶活性的发育性变化规律与肌内脂肪含量和肌肉嫩度的关系。结果表明,在生长期随着体重的增加,肌肉组织中HSL和MDH的活性差异显著（P<0.05）,野杜F1代猪HSL活性均高于莱芜黑猪的活性（90 kg除外）,且在35 kg时,野杜F1代猪和莱芜黑猪差异极显著（P<0.01）;肌肉组织中的MDH活性变化,野杜F1代猪呈先升后降的趋势,活性最高点在70 kg;在90 kg时野杜F1代猪中MDH活性极显著低于莱芜黑猪（P<0.01）。不同体重阶段,肌肉嫩度差异显著（P<0.05）,且随着体重的增加而呈不断升高的趋势。相关分析结果表明,野杜F1代猪90 kg时肌肉组织中MDH活性与肌内脂肪含量呈极显著正相关（r=0.97,P<0.01）,HSL和MDH的活性与肌肉嫩度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。研究结果提示,肌肉组织中的HSL和MDH对肌内脂肪的沉积量有一定的影响,可以通过控制其活性调节肌内脂肪的含量,且肌内脂肪的沉积量与肌肉嫩度有一定的联系。     

长白山野猪与吉林本地黑猪杂交后代血清生化参数的研究

本实验选取长白山野猪与吉林本地黑猪杂交后代20头，对其血清中10项生化指标进行了测定，结果表明：长白山野猪与吉林本地黑猪杂交后代的GLU、CREA、TG、AST、ALT均高于家猪，说明长白山野猪与吉林本地黑猪杂交后代GLU代谢高，肌肉代谢产物较多，氨基酸代谢旺盛。UN含量与家猪含量基本接近，说明长白山野猪与吉林本地黑猪杂交后代的蛋白质代谢一切正常。TP、AKP、CHOL含量均低于家猪，说明长白山野猪与吉林本地黑猪杂交后代生长较家猪慢，瘦肉率高于家猪。     

新疆褐牛与美新褐牛生长性能比较分析研究

[目的]旨在为今后新疆褐牛品质选育提高工作奠定基础.[方法]通过对伊犁新褐种牛场和伊犁尼勒克县牧强新疆褐牛种畜场的牛群进行体型外貌鉴定,测定1～10岁纯种新疆褐牛和美国瑞士褐牛冻精冷配改良后代母牛关新F1、F2代的生长性能指标,对数据进行统计分析.[结果]显示,美新F1、F2代不同生长阶段各生长性能指标均显著（P＜0.05）或P＜0.05的高于纯种新疆褐牛.[结论]美国瑞士褐牛优良基因对提高新疆褐牛体尺和体重等指标效果显著.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci for metabolic and cytological fatness traits of connected F2 crosses in pigs

In the present study 3 connected F(2) crosses were used to map QTL for classical fat traits as well as fat-related metabolic and cytological traits in pigs. The founder breeds were Chinese Meishan, European Wild Boar, and Pietrain with to some extent the same founder animals in the different crosses. The different selection history of the breeds for fatness traits as well as the connectedness of the crosses led to a high statistical power. The total number of F(2) animals varied between 694 and 966, depending on the trait. The animals were genotyped for around 250 genetic markers, mostly microsatellites. The statistical model was a multi-allele, multi-QTL model that accounted for imprinting. The model was previously introduced from plant breeding experiments. The traits investigated were backfat depth and fat area as well as relative number of fat cells with different sizes and 2 metabolic traits (i.e., soluble protein content as an indicator for the level of metabolic turnover and NADP-malate dehydrogenase as an indicator for enzyme activity). The results revealed in total 37 significant QTL on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 17, and 18, with often an overlap of confidence intervals of several traits. These confidence intervals were in some cases remarkably small, which is due to the high statistical power of the design. In total, 18 QTL showed significant imprinting effects. The small and overlapping confidence intervals for the classical fatness traits as well as for the cytological and metabolic traits enabled positional and functional candidate gene identification for several mapped QTL.     

Structural analysis and haplotype diversity in swine LEP and MC4R genes.

Knowledge about structural variation of candidate genes could be important to improve breeding selection scheme and preserve genetic variability in livestock species. Leptin (LEP) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) genes are involved in the energetic pathway and are obvious candidate genes for fatness. By sequencing LEP and MC4R genes in 72 pigs belonging to lean (Large White and Duroc), fat (Meishan and Casertana) breeds and also Wild Boar, 98 polymorphic sites, of which 91 were novel, were found in the Leptin sequence while only the previously described mutation was found in the MC4R gene. A total of 18 LEP haplotypes were observed and their distribution was unequal among the breeds. The phylogenetic analysis showed two haplotype branches distinguishing between lean and fat breeds.     

中系马里努阿犬兴奋性选育模式研究

统计中系马里努阿犬3个世代系谱资料和兴奋性状测试记录,对中系马里努阿犬兴奋性状不同的选育方法进行模拟研究。利用系谱资料,F3和F4世代兴奋性状数据,估算个体育种值,依据表型和育种值数据,对F4犬群按照个体表型、家系表型、个体育种值、家系育种值进行排序,各选择35%个体,筛选其在F5代中的个体,统计分析各种选择方法后代表型和遗传进展,评测不同选择方法对中系马里努阿犬兴奋性状选育最优方法。研究结果:选择中系马里努阿犬个体育种值好于选择家系育种值好于选择家系好于选择个体表型,选择中系马里努阿犬公犬效果好于选择母犬的效果。     

2个香根草品种苗期生长与光合特性的研究

对Sunshine和Wild 2个香根草Vetiveria zizanioides品种苗期的生长速度、分蘖动态及光合作用对光和CO2的响应进行了研究.结果表明:品种间株高及日增长速度存在极显著差异,Sunshine生长慢、Wild生长快;品种间不同时间段的分蘖数及总分蘖数存在极显著差异,Wild分蘖高峰期在6月下旬,Sunshine在7月中旬.通过对不同密度小区香根草分蘖数量相关性分析,发现总分蘖数量与密度呈指数函数形式相关,相关性达到了极显著水平(P＜0.01).2个品种光饱和点比较接近,Wild略高于Sunshine,光补偿点Wild明显低于Sunshine,光饱和时的最大净光合速率和表观量子效率Sunshine均低于Wild,因此Sunshine利用光能的效率低于Wild,CO2饱和点Sunshine高于Wild,CO2补偿点Wild高于Sunshine.