浅谈棉花蕾铃脱落

一、棉花蕾铃脱落的基本情况和特点在棉花生产上蕾铃脱落是一个非常普遍的现象,其脱落率一般可达60～70%,严重的可达80%以上。棉花蕾铃脱落,一般可分为两大类型:一是生理性脱落,一般占总脱落率的50～75%。这是由于不良环境因素的影响,造成棉株营养生长与生殖生长不协调或子房未受精所引起的常见脱落类型。二是外部伤害性脱落,一般占总脱落率的25～50%。这是由于病虫危害、田间管理机械损伤及风害造成的。引起棉花蕾铃脱落的因素是多方面的,然而在生理脱落中,却有共同规律可循。     

棉花蕾铃脱落的规律、原因及防止对策

在棉花生产中,经常出现蕾铃脱落现象,一般年份蕾铃脱落率为40%～50%,特殊情况下可高达60%以上,严重影响了棉花产量和棉农收益。近几年,根据山东省泰安地区的生态条件和棉花的生育特点,对蕾铃脱落规律进行了详细的探讨．对导致棉花蕾铃脱落的原因进行了深入的分析．提出了相应的防治对策。     

镇平县棉花蕾铃脱落的原因及防治技术

河南省镇平县常年种植棉花6666.7 hm2.据近3年的跟踪调查,一般棉田蕾铃脱落率为50%～60%,严重田块达80%.每年因各种原因引起的蕾铃脱落而减产达30%以上.     

关于辽宁棉花蕾铃脱落问题的探讨

辽宁棉花蕾铃的脱落率,过去历年都在70%左右,是影响棉花高产稳产的主要障碍。遵照伟大领袖毛主席一九五八年视察山东省农业科学研究所时发出的“你们要研究一下为什么落桃的问题,是否可以研究个办法,叫它少落或不落”的号召,我们开展了棉花蕾铃脱落原因及其防止措施的研究。一、棉花蕾铃脱落的基本情况辽宁属特早熟棉区,无霜期短,春季气温低而且起伏不定,夏季雨水集中,秋季气温下降快且常有干旱。在这样的气候条件下,棉花的蕾铃脱落一般从六月下旬开始,直至八月末才停止。历年脱落率一般为60～70%,最少的平均脱落率为53.47%,多的     

棉花蕾铃脱落与中后期管理

棉花蕾铃脱落与中后期管理闵友信陈学智朱继鸿刘淑毓秦淑琴伍维模彭祠勇塔里木农垦大学农学系８４３３００棉花蕾铃脱落是生产中一个普遍而严重的现象，南疆地膜棉脱落率也在７０％以上，严重的影响了棉花产量。因此，研究棉花蕾铃脱落的原因和探讨减少蕾铃脱落途径，对提...     

关于棉花蕾铃脱落的初步调查

棉花蕾铃脱落是影响单位面积产量提高的一个重大问题,蕾铃脱落率一般为70％左右,严重的达80％以上,因此,认识蕾铃脱落的规律,弄清蕾铃脱落的原因,掌握减少蕾铃脱落的措施,对提高棉花单产非常重要。 1982年6月在望城公社卫东大队五队作了关于蕾铃脱落情况的田间调查。按五点取样,每点固定10株,共调查50株。脱落率的计算是以脱落数除以果节数。调查结果如下:     

从棉花的蕾铃脱落生理谈棉花的高产稳产

在棉花生产中,蕾铃的脱落仍是一个大问题。一般蕾铃脱落率常达60～70%。一块丰产棉田,应该“三桃”结得多。但旺长高大的棉花,中下部棉铃大多脱落,即使结到6～6万个棉铃,大部是顶上部的秋桃,棉铃小,霜后花多,产量不高,品质也差。这种棉田,要获得高产,不是简单的一个减少脱落率的问题,而是在于减少中下部蕾铃的脱落,凋整结铃部位。所以,控制棉花前期     

攻蕾铃脱落关 探棉花高产路

减少蕾铃脱落,是夺取棉花高产的一个重要问题。近几年来,我们小面积试验产量仅停留在三百斤左右,运城地区大面积还突不破百斤关,在技术上主要是蕾铃脱落问题没有解决。一般在小面积上脱落率为40—50%,大面积上脱落率为70—80%。伟大领袖毛主席曾指示:“你们要研究一下为什么落桃的问题,是否可以研究个办法,叫它少落或不落。”一九六四年,我到北京参加全国棉花生产会议时,敬爱的周总理也给我提出了研究棉花蕾铃脱落问题的任务。十多年来,我在棉花生产实践中认识了一些问题,摸索了一些措施,但是摸得不透,认识肤浅。我一定要在全国农业学大寨、普及大寨县的大好形势下,再接再厉,猛攻蕾铃脱落关,夺取棉花高产。     

赣中棉区加强肥水管理是减少蕾铃脱落的有效措施

棉花是江西省的主要经济作物，在江西省占有非常重要的地位，但历年来棉花产量提高不快，其中一个重要的制约因素就是棉花蕾铃脱落问题。据统计，正常情况下，一般蕾铃脱落率为70％左右。因此，了解蕾铃脱落规律，寻求减少脱落的有效途径，对于提高产量有着非常重要的意义。     

虫害直接引起棉花蕾铃脱落症状的识别

要夺取棉花高产丰收,征全苗壮苗的些础上,防止蕾铃脱落是个很重要的关键。蕾铃脱落的原因虽很复杂,但害虫的为害是主要原因之一。据我们调查,一般虫害造成的蕾铃脱落可占蕾铃脱落总数的20—30%,严重的达50—60%以上。为害蕾铃造成脱落的棉花害虫在我省主要有棉铃虫、红铃虫、金钢钻、斜纹夜蛾、盲蝽象、玉米蜈和小卷叶虫等。正确识别这些害虫为害蕾铃造成脱落的症状,是对症下药,搞好棉花蕾铃害虫防治的基础。为便于田间调查分析,我试将     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。