氯胺酮,安定复合麻醉对犬脑电图影响的研究

氯胺酮和安定复合麻醉，实验犬脑电图波幅显著升高，节律显著变慢，临床上出现肌肉松弛，痛觉和意识消失，为外科手术的适宜时期。     

静脉注射异丙酚复合制剂对犬的麻醉效果及其对生理机能的影响

异丙酚作为一种新型的静脉全麻药,由于起效快、苏醒迅速而平稳、副作用小等特点,已被开始用于临床各科手术麻醉.本文着重探索异丙酚用于犬的麻醉组方并了解其对犬生理机能的影响.     

复合麻醉药物对犬的麻醉效果比较

复方８４６、静松灵／氯氨酮，氯丙嗪／氯氨酮、氯丙嗪／乙醚、氯丙嗪／静松灵、分别作用于犬，均可获得一定时间的麻醉效果。通过麻醉前、后体温（Ｔ℃）、呼吸（Ｒ）、脉搏（Ｐ），镇痛反应，麻醉维持时间的检测；通过麻醉后手术安静顺利情况；从伤口愈合情况表明：几组药物作用于犬后，体温差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５，呼吸、脉搏部分呈显著性变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。镇痛作用以８４６为好，其次为静松灵／氯氨酮，氯丙嗪／静松灵、氯丙嗪／氯氨酮、氯丙嗪／乙醚；麻醉维持时间以８４６最长（１３．７０±９．６６），其次为静松灵／氯氨酮（８９±９．９）；从手术安静顺利情况看，复方８４６、静松灵／氯氨酮优于其它组；从伤口愈合情况看，静松灵／氯氨酮优于其他组。综合比较：复方８４６、静松灵／氯氨酮，用于犬的临床麻醉，效果确实。     

氯胺酮静松灵复合麻醉对犬脑电图影响的研究

氯胺酮静松灵复合麻醉对犬脑电图影响的研究王洪斌，王云鹤，王统石，刘云（东北农业大学动物医学系，哈尔滨１５００３０）氯胺酮和静松灵都是兽医临床中常用麻醉药物，因为该两种药物成本低，使用方便，既可肌肉注射，又能肌肉和皮下用药，而且适于多种动物的化学保定、...     

氯胺酮复合赛拉嗪用于小熊猫短效复合麻醉的效果观察

为了探寻适合小熊猫的短效麻醉方案,试验使用氯胺酮和赛拉嗪对杭州动物园内16只成年小熊猫进行肌肉注射,分别统计雌雄小熊猫两种药物的剂量及麻醉各阶段的持续时间,通过评分对麻醉效果进行评价,并分析该麻醉方案对麻醉期间小熊猫生理参数(心率、呼吸频率和肛温)的影响。结果表明：16只小熊猫平均用药剂量为氯胺酮8.85 mg/kg,赛拉嗪2.93 mg/kg;平均诱导麻醉时间为6.38 min,维持麻醉时间为19.94 min,苏醒时间为24.31 min;不同性别小熊猫的用药量及麻醉各阶段的持续时间均差异不显著(P>0.05)。16只小熊猫的平均诱导麻醉质量评分为3.75分(满分为4分);维持麻醉期间平均镇痛质量评分为2.88分(满分为3分),平均镇静质量评分为2.94分(满分为3分),平均肌松质量评分为2.88分(满分为3分);平均苏醒质量评分为3.50分(满分为4分)。麻醉期间小熊猫的心率呈现一过性上升后缓慢下降的趋势,麻醉25 min后,心率趋于平稳;小熊猫的呼吸频率在5～20 min内较为稳定,接近苏醒时,呼吸频率有小幅上升,所有小熊猫均未出现呼吸暂停及无规则呼吸现象;小熊猫的肛温随...     

速眠新846合剂／氯胺酮合并麻醉犬猫的效果观察

速眠新８４６合剂／氯胺酮合并麻醉犬猫的效果观察黄保续王洪斌关玉贵（东北农业大学动物医学系，哈尔滨１５００３０）速眠新８４６合剂具有良好的镇静、镇痛和肌肉松弛效果，在动物麻醉中已被广泛应用，但当其用于犬猫麻醉时，却表现出心血管和呼吸功能抑制作用强、麻醉...     

846合剂及氯胺酮注射液对犬猫麻醉的应用

８４６合剂及氯胺酮注射液对犬猫麻醉的应用＠田海燕￥北京观赏动物医院８４６合剂及氯胺酮注射液对犬猫麻醉的应用田海燕（北京观赏动物医院,西城１００１０１）由于对犬猫施行手术、治疗、保定的需要,临诊上经常要用到麻醉,现今最常用的麻醉药为速眠新又称８４６合剂及氯胺...     

速眠新与氯胺酮复合麻醉对犬呼吸循环的影响

为观察速眠新、速眠新与氯胺酮复合麻醉时犬呼吸循环的影响,20只成年健康犬分为速眠新组和速眠新与氯胺酮复合组,各10只.速眠新组诱导时肌肉注射速眠新0.1 mL/kg;速眠新与氯胺酮复合组采用速眠新与氯胺酮肌肉注射,速眠新与氯胺酮配比度为1:2,给药量为0.2 mL/kg.术前监测诱导前、后呼吸频率(RR)、通气量(VE)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、呼气末二氧化碳(P_(ET)CO_2)、心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)等参数.结果表明,速眠新组诱导后1 min RR、SpO_2比诱导前显著下降(P<0.05),VE下降非常显著(P<0.01),MAP、HR均低于诱导前(P<0.05).速眠新与氯胺酮诱导前、后呼吸循环参数之间无显著变化(P>0.05).     

Effect of propofol at two injection rates or thiopentone on post-intubation apnoea in the dog

Ventilatory effects at induction of anaesthesia were studied following intubation in 66 dogs anaesthetised using thiopentone (10 mg/kg) or propofol (4 mg/kg, injected rapidly or 4 mg/kg, injected slowly). Acepromazine and morphine preanaesthetic medication was administered, and anaesthesia was maintained with halothane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. The time from connection of the breathing system to the first breath was measured. Apnoea was defined as cessation of spontaneous respiration for 15 seconds or longer. Respiratory rate and minute volume were measured for the first five minutes of anaesthesia. Propofol was associated with a greater incidence of apnoea than thiopentone (59 per cent and 64 per cent compared with 32 per cent), but this difference was not statistically significant. Time to first breath was significantly longer with propofol than thiopentone and longest with the slower injection of propofol (P<0.05) (median of four seconds for thiopentone, 19.5 seconds for the propofol rapid injection, and 28.8 seconds for the propofol slow injection). In conclusion, the induction agent and speed of injection affect the incidence and duration of post-intubation apnoea.     

Long-term anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil in the dog and its partial reversal with nalbuphine

Prolonged surgical anaesthesia in the dog was induced with propofol (6.5 ± 1.3 mg/kg) followed by alfentanil (25.5 ± 5 μg/kg) (mean ± 1 sd) and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol (0.14 to 0.18 mg/kg/min) and alfentanil (2 to 3 μg/kg/min). Neuromuscular blockade was produced with vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg). After induction of anaesthesia with propofol, administration of alfentanil to dogs which had received no pre-anaesthetic medication produced cardiac arrest and apnoea. Administration of atropine intravenously immediately prior to alfentanil prevented these cardiac depressant effects. The cardiac depressant effect of alfentanil was not as severe in a second group of dogs in which anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone. After commencing the continuous infusion anaesthetic regime and establishment of IPPV, blood pressure and heart rate remained stable during the remaining 4 to 6 h period of anaesthesia. Recovery from anaesthesia was smooth and uneventful. The depressant effects of alfentanil on respiration and on consciousness were reversed rapidly by administration of nalbuphine (10 mg total dose). The smooth recovery and the integration of anaesthesia and post operative analgesia attained by the reversal of alfentanil with nalbuphine make this an attractive anaesthetic regime for major surgery in dogs, provided that facilities for IPPV are available.     

Comparative studies of the acid-base status in venous, capillary and mixed blood from the ear of the dog

Ten experimental dogs were tested in twelve experimental arrangements, with a view to finding out the extent to which results of acid-base determination or blood gas analysis could be significantly affected by induced hyperaemia of the ear or by the choice of a site for blood collection, including puncture of an ear vein. No difference was secured. Hence, ear vein puncture may be used to collect so-called capillary blood. Reference is made to the author's own values for use as criteria.     

Clinical comparison of recovery from total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane in dogs

The characteristics of recovery from total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane was clinically compared in 149 client-owned dogs that anesthetized for surgical or diagnostic procedures. In all dogs, anesthesia was induced with an intravenous injection of propofol following premedication with acepromazine or diazepam. As a result, 58 dogs anesthetized with propofol-TIVA showed slower but smoother recovery than 91 dogs anesthetized with isoflurane anesthesia. The dogs stood at 34.5 +/- 19.3 and 27.7 +/- 17.2 min after propofol-TIVA and isoflurane anesthesia, respectively. Adverse effects, including hypersalivation, neurologic excitement (paddling, muscle tremor/twitching, opisthotonos) and vomiting/retching, were observed in similar infrequent incidences during the recovery from both anesthetic protocols. Propofol-TIVA is suggested to be an alternative anesthetic protocol for canine practice.     

Effect of intravenous dose escalation with alfaxalone and propofol on occurrence of apnoea in the dog

Spontaneous ventilation after induction of anaesthesia with intravenous alfaxalone or propofol was evaluated in a dose escalation study using 6 dogs. Each dog was dosed at 1×, 2×, 5×, 10× and 20× multiples of the labelled doses (2mg/kg for alfaxalone; 6.5mg/kg for propofol), until apnoea was observed. For each administration, the entire calculated dose was delivered over 1 min. All 6 dogs ventilated spontaneously after labelled (1×) doses of each drug but became apnoeic at 5× dose of propofol versus 20× dose of alfaxalone. For propofol at 2× and 5× doses, 4 and 0 dogs ventilated spontaneously respectively. For alfaxalone at 2×, 5× and 10× doses all 6, 4 and 1 dog ventilated spontaneously, respectively. The median dose which induced apnoea was higher for alfaxalone (5×) than for propofol (2×) (p=0.05). We concluded that induction of anaesthesia with propofol is more likely to induce apnoea than with alfaxalone.     

Medetomidine-butorphanol combination anesthesia in the dog]

The combination of Medetomidine and Butorphanol leads to a sufficient sedation with good analgesia and is thus superior to the application of Medetomidine only. By reducing the dosage of Medetomidine, reduced cardio-respiratory side-effects are to be expected. The comparative application of the two Butorphanol preparations Torbugesic (group T) and Morphasol (group M) did not show any differences concerning effect and tolerance. No statistically significant and clinically relevant differences between the two groups were observed for any of the parameters.     

Anticholinergic medication in the dog before and during anesthesia

In clinical studies in dogs of all categories of age, which were predicted for surgical purposes under a combination anaesthesia with Fluanisone/Fentanyl/Nitrous oxide/Halothane, investigations after treatment with atropine or glycopyrrolate were performed. In experimental studies investigations about heart-rate and heart work (rate-pressure-product RPP) under different injection anaesthesia-methods (Fluanisone/Fentanyl/Metomidate, Climazolam/Fentanyl, Xylazine/l-Methadone) are performed. In the clinical studies many of the dogs produce elevated heart-rates after anticholinergic premedication. After special indicated treatment of dysrhythmias with glycopyrrolate or atropine in all cases normorhythmia can be achieved. An increase in heart rate during awaking time can be seen in non premedicated as well as in anticholinergic treated animals for a short period of time. In the experimental studies the anticholinergic treatment leads to increased heart rate and/or elevated arterial pressure, which produce an enormous increase in the rate pressure product and oxygen consumption. In conclusion a general anticholinergic premedication can not be recommended. Its use should be special indicated for bradycardia and/or dysrhythmias in the sense of AV-conduction disturbances.     

Gastro-oesophageal reflux during anaesthesia induced with either thiopentone or propofol in the dog

Lower oesophageal pH was monitored in 68 dogs under anaesthesia induced with either thiopentone or propofol and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Gastro-oesophageal reflux, as evidenced by a decrease in lower oesophageal pH to less than 4.0 or an increase to more than 7.5, occurred in 17.6% (6/34) and 50% (17/34) of the thiopentone-induced and the propofol-induced dogs, respectively, the difference between the 2 groups being significant. Reflux usually occurred shortly after the induction of anaesthesia and had a mean duration of about 46 min. On most occasions, in both groups, the refluxate was acid (pH < 4.0), and in only 2 cases in each group, it was alkaline (pH > 7.5). Gastric contents of pH below 2.5 were refluxed on 7 and 2 occasions in the propofol and the thiopentone group, respectively. Regurgitation occurred in only 2 dogs, one in each group. It was concluded that the higher incidence of reflux in the propofol-induced dogs may have been due to the greater decrease of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure induced by propofol than by thiopentone in dogs.