鸡肠毒综合征的防治

鸡肠毒综合征病原复杂,难以根治,常给养鸡场（户）带来较大的经济损失。主要介绍了鸡肠毒综合征的病原、临床症状和病理变化等,并提出防治措施,以期为广大养殖同仁提供参考。     

鸡肠毒综合征的防治

鸡肠毒综合征病原复杂,难以根治,常给养鸡场（户）带来较大的经济损失。主要介绍了鸡肠毒综合征的病原、临床症状和病理变化等,并提出防治措施,以期为广大养殖同仁提供参考。     

上海某地区鸡毒支原体血清学调查

本研究应用酶联免疫吸附试验连续2年对上海某地区2018和2019年养殖鸡进行鸡毒支原体血清学调查,样品采集覆盖大部分乡镇街道。结果显示,各区域均受鸡毒支原体侵害,且部分地域呈高阳性率。提示养鸡业相关人员需重视,并将鸡毒支原体免疫计划列入日常管理工作中。     

鸡毒支原体免疫研究进展

鸡毒支原体感染(Myooplasma Gallisepticum Infection，MGI)，通常被称为鸡慢性呼吸道病和火鸡传染性窦炎，是由鸡毒支原(Myooplasma Gallisepticum，MG)引起的鸡的一种慢性传染性呼吸遭疾病，对养禽业危害十分严重。本病常与其他病毒性或细菌性疾病并发或继发，使损失更加严重。采用疫苗免疫接种进行防制，经济、方便、实用。     

鸡肠毒综合症病因及防治

养殖过程中,无论是哪一品种鸡,鸡肠毒综合症都是十分常见的,此类疾病虽不严重,病死率也不高,但对于养殖户来说,往往会造成巨大的经济损失。鸡肠毒综合症主要表现为消化不良与腹泻,甚至在粪便中可看到未消化完的饲料,其中饲养鸡的种类主要包括肉鸡和蛋鸡,而蛋鸡在整个生长过程中较为缓慢,体型消瘦,再加上鸡群大小差别较大,如产生病鸡,则会发生严重脱水情况,在后期死亡率极高。此病症是多种病因所造成的一种综合症状,因此被称之为“鸡肠毒综合症”。本文对此病所产生的主要病因以及对此疾病的预防措施进行概述,具体如下。     

再利用鸡毒支原体培养基的研究

液体培养基中的鸡毒支原体收获后，重新调节其ｐＨ，使之恢复到培养前的状态，并继续培养鸡毒支原体。结果表明，这不但能提高单位培养基中的鸡毒支原体产量，而且收获的支原体还能保持较好的抗原性。     

鸡毒支原体

鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum,MG)是一种重要的禽呼吸道病原,被认为是鸡慢性呼吸道病(CRD)的首要原因;由其它微生物引起的并发症,称之为有并发的慢性呼吸道病,是当前鸡场中最常见到的疾病.由此引起的鸡或火鸡的气囊炎或窦炎在屠宰时会造成严重的损失.胴体的降级、废弃,饲料转换效     

鸡毒支原体SC克隆致弱株免疫原性测试—开放动物模型的建立？…

对罗斯鸡和ＳＰＦ来航鸡用鸡毒支原体强毒攻击时，以鸡致病性大肠杆菌Ｏ７８血清型菌株１６小时培养物０．２ｍｇ／羽皮下注射作人工诱导发病，试验鸡出现明显气囊病变，初步建立了以鸡致病性大肠杆菌为诱导因子的ＭＧ野外环境人工发病的动物模型。     

一例鸡毒霉形体病的诊断与体会

岱岳区某规模化鸡场发现疑似毒霉形体病鸡，通过病原分离获得鸡毒霉形体（支原体），体外抑菌试验结果发现鸡毒霉形体对泰乐菌素、红霉素和北里霉素高度敏感。本研究为该鸡场临床准确用药提供科学指导，对鸡毒霉形体病的准确诊断以及治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

“肠毒综合灵”治疗肉鸡肠毒综合症的研究

在山东、辽宁、河北、江苏、河南等肉鸡饲养发达地区普遍流行着一种以腹泻、粪便中含有未消化饲料、采食量日月显下降、生长缓慢、体重减轻、饲料转化率下降、色素沉着障碍、脱水为特征的疾病，有人称之为“消化吸收不良(障碍)综合症”，“复合型肠炎”，或“肠炎(毒)综合症”．虽然此病死亡率不高．但是由于患病鸡只生长缓慢，给肉鸡养殖户造成巨大经济损失。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。