柑橘生长与土壤养分及微生物群落的关系研究

  目的  探讨影响柑橘生长的相关因子,为柑橘生长的科学管理提供依据。  方法  在相同管理措施条件且树木无病害的情况下,采集四种长势（长势良好为Ⅰ等级,长势一般为Ⅱ等级,长势较差为Ⅲ等级,矮小无产为Ⅳ等级）的柑橘根区土壤,分析其土壤养分有效性、酶活性以及细菌群落结构。  结果  Ⅳ等级柑橘根区土壤中全氮和速效钾含量显著低于其他等级的柑橘根区土壤（P < 0.05）,Ⅰ等级柑橘根区土壤中有效钙、镁、硼含量均显著高于其他三个等级柑橘根区土壤（P < 0.05）, Ⅳ等级柑橘根区土壤中的铜含量显著低于其他等级柑橘根区土壤（P < 0.05）。Ⅰ等级柑橘根区土壤中β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维二糖水解酶活性显著低于其他等级的橘树根区土壤。Ⅰ等级柑橘根区土壤中绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）和假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）相对丰度显著高于Ⅳ等级柑橘根区土壤。冗余分析结果表明,Ⅳ等级柑橘树根区土壤细菌群落明显区别于Ⅰ ~ Ⅲ等级柑橘树,速效钾与有效钙是影响细菌群落的重要因子。  结论  不同长势柑橘树土壤中有效钾、全氮、有效钙、镁、硼等养分含量具有显著差异,从而导致柑橘树生长状况出现差异。其次中微量元素的缺乏也提醒农户在果园日常施肥中,除注意大量元素的施用之外,还应重视中微量元素的肥料施用。本研究尚未发现土壤酶活性与柑橘长势情况显著相关,但发现微生物群落对柑橘长势产生影响,各级柑橘根区土壤微生物群落之间差异较大、优势菌为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）,由此推测土壤微生物群落与土壤养分联系紧密,进而影响柑橘的生长发育。     

土壤水分对柑橘叶片生长及多胺代谢的影响

本文以2年生宫川温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.cv. Miyagawa Wase)盆栽幼树为材料,研究了土壤相对含水量(Soil Water Content,SWC)对橘叶生长和叶片多胺(腐胺Put,亚精胺Spd,精胺Spm)代谢的影响.结果表明:SWC由30%增加到90%,橘叶面积、叶周长、叶宽值均在75%时达最大值12.25 cm2、13.84 cm、3.19 cm,且叶面积、叶周长、叶长、叶宽均与SWC呈显著线性正相关;橘叶Put在SWC=75%时最低(228.95 nmol/g,FW),Spd和Spm均随土壤水分递增呈抛物线变化,其最大值分别出现在45%和60%.(Spd+Spm)/Put的比值与叶面积、叶周长、叶长、叶长/宽间呈显著或比较显著负相关,且当SWC≤75%时,此比值(t)与SWC(x)间呈显著正相关(t＝0.0112x + 0.173, p＜0.05).因此,(Spd+Spm)/Put比值可视为柑橘对土壤水分环境敏感度的指标之一.     

Citrus Growth and Rhizosphere Properties

Fifteen citrus varieties (four varieties of limes/lemons, three varieties of mandarins, and eight varieties of sweet oranges) were tested in a row-to-row multireplicate field experiment on Typic Rhodustalf. Pre-bearing growth behavior of different citrus varieties showed a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) with respect to canopy volume (1.221 m³ with Bearss lemon and 0.220 m³ with Cara Cara Navel) governed by changes in different rhizospheric properties (soil-available nutrients, soil microbial population, and soil microbial biomass nutrients). Response in canopy volume was more governed by soil microbial biomass nutrients [carbon (C_mic), nitrogen (N_mic), and phosphorus (P_mic)] followed soil microbial population and soil available nutrients in decreasing order. Indices developed through diagnosis and recommendation integrated system further helped in partitioning interrhizosphere nutrient deficiencies. These studies suggested that (i) biological properties of rhizosphere soils of limes and lemons were of much superior quality and (ii) rhizospheric biological properties are transformed according to plant species and variety.     

Micronutrients Losses from Soil under Subsurface Drainage System

The drainage system, although it reclaims waterlogged soils, poses a potential threat to leaching of valuable nutrients. To assess the micronutrient losses from such system established more than two decades ago in the plains of northwestern Pakistan, drainage waters were periodically analyzed for selected micronutrients. The inputs of micronutrients in irrigation waters were also determined. The micronutrient removal in drainage water was 1.39 to 9.79 times greater than micronutrient inputs in irrigation waters and fertilizers. Among micronutrients, the removal of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in drainage water was greater than iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The concentrations of micronutrients generally changed with cropping (sampling time), increased with soil depth, and were invariably negative on the nutrient balance sheet, suggesting that these nutrients are continuously depleted from the system in drainage water. These nutrients therefore must be replenished in soil through an appropriate means for optimum crop yields under the given drainage–irrigation–cropping system.     

硒镉伴生对富硒土壤柑橘生长及生理代谢的影响

为保障富硒柑橘的安全生产,明确富硒土壤硒镉伴生现象对柑橘生长、硒镉吸收转运和抗氧化能力的影响,采用盆栽试验,以一年生大雅柑橘为试验材料,研究添加硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet,CK,模拟富硒土壤)和添加SeMet与镉(模拟富硒土壤硒镉伴生)对富硒土壤柑橘的生长指标、硒镉含量、叶片还原型抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环效率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,富硒土壤中,硒镉伴生增加了柑橘叶片叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,但对株高、新梢长度、新梢数量以及根茎叶的干物质量影响不显著;在富硒土壤中,硒镉伴生显著增加了大雅柑橘硒含量和硒的富集系数(BCF),降低了硒的转运系数(TF);硒和镉主要分布在根系,其次是叶片和茎;在AsA-GSH循环中,硒镉伴生使过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)含量显著上升,脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)含量上升但未达到显著水平,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)活性显著上升,而GSH和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量下降,AsA/(AsA+DHA)和GSH/(GSH+GSSG)比值降低,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性显著降低。本研究为阐明镉胁迫对富硒土壤柑橘的生理影响机制提供了理论依据。     

曲周县农田土壤有效微量元素含量空间变异特征及影响因素初探

以河北省邯郸市曲周县为研究区域,采用地统计学与地理信息系统相结合的方法,对曲周县农田土壤有效微量元素铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)含量的空间变异特征及其主要影响因素进行了初步研究和探讨。结果表明:土壤有效Fe、Mn含量的最优理论模型为指数型(R2为0.887和0.553),有效Cu含量为球状模型(R2为0.988),有效Zn含量为高斯模型(R2为0.977)。土壤有效微量元素含量的空间变异程度和空间相关性由大到小依次为:Zn> Cu> Mn> Fe,Fe> Zn> Mn> Cu。从空间分布来看,土壤有效Fe、Mn、Zn含量主要处于低水平,并且土壤有效Fe、Mn、Cu含量以片状分布为主,土壤有效Zn含量呈现由西向东逐渐递减的趋势。土壤有效Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量与土壤有机质含量均呈极显著正相关,与土壤pH间没有显著的相关,而土壤有效Cu含量则与土壤pH间存在显著正相关。总体而言,曲周农田土壤有效Fe,Mn,Zn含量相对较低,而有效铜含量相对较高。如果种植对铁锌敏感而且需求量相对较高的作物,应该考虑Fe、Zn肥的施用。     

Using Semivariogram and Moran's I Techniques to Evaluate Spatial Distribution of Soil Micronutrients

Spatial distributions of micronutrients in soils of Shouguang were evaluated using semivariogram and Moran's index (Moran‘s I) techniques to compare difference and veracity of these two spatial analysis methods. A total of 601 topsoil (0–20 cm) and 155 deep subsoil (150–200 cm) samples were collected on a symmetrical grid in the regional geochemical survey of soils in Shandong Province, and copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations were analyzed and compared. The results showed significant spatial correlations of micronutrients in Shouguang soils, and the spatial correlation degree was greater in topsoil than in deep subsoil. In topsoil and deep subsoil, the spatial correlation distance for each element obtained using the semivariogram technique was 20–60 km, whereas with Moran's I technique, the positive autocorrelation distance was 20–25 km and the negative autocorrelation distance was 25–55 km. The spatial autocorrelation degree was significant (P ≤ 0.05) for every micronutrient except deep subsoil Zn. Moran's I technique was able to distinguish between positive and negative autocorrelations and the results of semivariogram analysis gave the sum of the positive and negative autocorrelations. This study shows that Moran's I is more accurate and meaningful than semivariogram analysis for spatial autocorrelation of some soil attributes. These results provide the theoretical foundation for the application of spatial analysis methods, and Moran's I in particular, in environmental research.     

Direct and Residual Effects of Micronutrients on Crops in a Pattern in Floodplain Soil

ABSTRACT

Different micronutrients have variable residual effects in the soil. Again, crops have variability in their response to applied micronutrient. An experiment was conducted in floodplain soil of Bangladesh using cauliflower, maize, and rice in a pattern to explore differential effects of micronutrients on crops. Seven treatments following additive element trial technique including a control were used in the study. Micronutrients were applied @ 3 kg Zn, 2 kg B, 2 kg Cu, 3 kg Mn, 5 kg Fe and 1 kg Mo per hectare. Cauliflower as the first crop of the pattern responded to direct application of both zinc and boron whereas significant residual effects of these elements were observed in the second crop (maize). In rice as the third crop, no significant residual effects were estimated. In floodplain soil, zinc and boron fertilizers are needed to apply in each third crop of a pattern where the second crop is nutrient exhaustive like maize.     

Effect of Citrate Concentration on the Extraction Efficiency of Selected Micronutrients from Soil

This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of citrate concentration on the extraction efficiency of some micronutrients from soil. Composite surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from Eastern Harage Zone (Babile and Haramaya Districts), Wolaita Zone (Damot Sore, Boloso Bombe, Damot Pulasa and Humbo Districts) and Dire Dawa Administrative Council in purposive sampling. The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. A greenhouse pot experiment with soybean plant was conducted to determine the correlation between soil test methods and the selected micronutrients, such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the leaves of the plant. The results showed that, among the different citrate concentrations with strontium chloride (SrCl₂) tested for the determination of available Fe, Mn and Zn, the highest correlation coefficients (r = 0.82, p < 0.05), (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) were found between the diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) method and 0.02 M strontium chloride (SrCl₂)-0.025 M citric acid extractant, respectively. Therefore, 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.025 M citric acid extractant is considered to be the most effective for the determination of Fe, Mn and Zn in soils of the studied areas. Similarly, high correlation coefficients (r = 0.97, p < 0.001) were found between DTPA and 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.05 M citric acid and (r = 0.88, p < 0.01) between DTPA and 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.025 M citric acid extractants for the determination of available Cu from soils. Hence, the 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.05 M citric acid extractant was shown to be the best for the determination of Cu in soils of the studied areas. However, considering the use of universal extractant, the 0.02 M SrCl₂-0.025 M citric acid extractant could easily be adopted as a procedure for the determination of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn for both agricultural and environmental purposes. The greenhouse experiment confirmed the result.     

Nitrate Reductase,Micronutrients and Upland Rice Development as Influenced by Soil pH and Nitrogen Sources

The average yield of upland rice under no-tillage system (NTS), a sustainable soil management, is lower than in conventional tillage (one plowing and two disking). One of the reasons given for this drop in crop grain yield would be the low-nitrate assimilation capacity of rice seedlings, due to the low activity of the nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme in the early development phase. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the soil acidic and nitrogen source in the micronutrient concentrations, NR activity and grain yield of upland rice growing under NTS. The soil used in the experiment was an Oxisol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 × 4. Treatments consisted of three levels of soil acidity (high, medium, and low) combined with four nitrogen sources (nitrate, ammonium, ammonium + nitrification inhibitor, and control – without N fertilization). The reduction of soil acidity reduced the concentration of zinc and manganese in rice plants. Generally, the activity of the NR enzyme was higher in plants grown in soils with low acidity and fertilized with calcium nitrate. There was a greater response in growth and yield in rice plants grown in soils with high acidity. Under medium acidity, rice plants grown with ammonium sulfate were more productive (no differences were detected with the addition of the nitrification inhibitor).     

湖南省柑橘园土壤营养状况及其对叶片养分的影响

为了解湖南省柑橘园土壤及叶片养分丰缺状况,对湖南省82个柑橘主产区土壤和植株叶片的矿质元素含量进行分析测试,运用曲线回归方法分析了土壤酸碱性与土壤肥力间相关性,采用典型性相关分析方法研究了土壤与叶片养分的定量统计关系。结果表明:全省86.75%的柑橘园土壤pH为酸性至强酸性,78.31%的土壤有机质含量处于适宜水平,有效氮、磷、钾缺乏土壤比例分别为15.66%、69.88%和27.71%,柑橘叶片全氮、磷、钾缺乏比例分别为12.35%、16.05%和18.52%。曲线回归分析结果显示,土壤养分含量与pH存在密切的关系,土壤有机质(Y_1)、碱解氮(Y_2)、有效磷(Y_3)、速效钾(Y_4)与pH(X)的拟合关系分别为:Y_1=2.15X~2–24.17X+85.53(R~2=0.53)、Y_2=0.255X~2–3.17X+91.29(R~2=0.36)、Y_3=5.51X~2–66.37X+208.22(R~2=0.43)、Y_4=5.59X~2–37.24X+213.43(R~2=0.40)。典型性相关分析结果显示,土壤养分含量水平的高低对叶片中其他养分含量也存在明显的影响,柑橘园土壤养分指标(X_1:pH;X_2:有机质;X_3:碱解氮;X_4:有效磷;X_5:速效钾)与叶片养分指标(Y_1:氮;Y_2:磷;Y_3:钾)的拟合模型分别为:U_1=–0.390X_1+0.909X_2+0.398X_3+0.269X_4–0.297X_5,V_1=0.792Y_1+0.637Y_2–0.132Y_3。在园区培肥管理时,应注意调节土壤酸碱度,因土酌情采取增施氮肥、磷肥和钾肥等综合平衡施肥措施。     

柑橘地土壤大孔隙与优先流的关系研究

以重庆市江津区10和20a林龄的柑橘地为研究对象,应用优先流染色法和室内图像提取技术,土壤水分穿透曲线及Poiseulle方程综合分析土壤大孔隙与优先流的关系。结果表明,大孔隙使染色区的水分渗透速率较非染色区提高了1.48倍以上。柑橘地大孔隙孔径范围在0.3～1.7mm,半径大于0.7mm的土壤大孔隙是形成优先流路径的主要孔径范围。     

广东省柑桔园土壤养分肥力研究

掌握土壤养分肥力状况,是制定施肥策略的基础。本研究采集了广东省柑桔主产区果园土壤样本70个,分析了土壤有机质和N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Fe、Mn、B、Zn含量,评价土壤养分肥力现状并探讨其时空变化概况。结果显示:目前柑桔园土壤主要障碍因素是低镁缺硼及钾、钙、镁养分不平衡;与20世纪80年代末相比,土壤有效磷、锌、钾和氮含量有较大提高,有效钙含量降低,其余养分变化不大。土壤钙、镁含量在低水平上渐趋于相对平衡,而钾、镁不平衡状态仍然存在,甚至有所加剧;柑桔园土壤pH及多个中微量元素之间存在显著或极显著正相关关系。建议在柑桔果园增施镁、硼肥及石灰或其它碱性肥料,减施磷肥。     

稻草与生石灰对设施土壤微量元素含量和番茄产量的影响

为了探究设施内添加稻草与生石灰对土壤微量元素含量和番茄产量的影响,以长期施肥定位试验为依托,比较了施用鸡粪(M)的基础上,添加稻草(MR)、生石灰(MCa)、稻草与生石灰同时添加(MRCa)各处理全土及各粒级团聚体中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量和番茄产量的变化。结果表明:(1)添加稻草可增加土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Zn含量,MR处理较M处理分别增加3.2%,80.9%,15.1%,对有效态Cu含量无显著影响;添加生石灰也可增加土壤中微量元素含量,其中Mn含量增加显著。土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Cn、Zn含量与pH呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与有机质含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。(2)随着土壤团聚体粒级的减小,有效态微量元素含量呈下降趋势。添加稻草和生石灰可增加1~0.25mm粒级中有效态Mn含量,MRCa处理较其他处理增加6.6%~46.6%;添加稻草可增加<0.25mm粒级中有效态Zn含量。土壤中有效态Fe含量与<1mm粒级中含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤中有效态Mn、Zn含量分别与各粒级中含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤中有效态Cu含量与1~0.25mm粒级中含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。(3)施入稻草或生石灰可增加番茄产量,且稻草和生石灰同时施入产量最高,MRCa处理较MCa、MR处理分别增加12.6%,33.8%。土壤有效态Fe、Cu含量与产量正相关,其中有效态Fe含量对产量具有直接作用,决策系数最高,土壤有效态Cu含量对产量具有间接作用。因此,可以通过长期添加稻草和适量生石灰缓解设施土壤微量元素短缺的现状,且可获得最高作物产量,为设施内土壤可持续利用和设施农业可持续发展提供保障。     

Using Geostatistics and Geographic Information System Techniques to Characterize Spatial Variability of Soil Properties,Including Micronutrients

Soil properties including micronutrients and their balanced use can significantly affect plant growth and crop production. Hence, the objective of this research was to evaluate the spatial variation of different soil properties including micronutrients in the Dasht-e-Tabriz in the northwest of Iran. Ninety-eight soil sampling sites were selected to collect soil samples from the soil surface layer at a 1000-m distance according to the grid sampling method and analyzed. Soil physical and chemical properties, including the micronutrient concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), were measured. Spatial variabilities of soil properties were determined using the statistical software packages Grow and SPSS. The spatial variabilities of micronutrients in the region were a function of sequenced soil sedimentation, high level of underground water, and the differences in the pedogenesis and hydrological processes. Using such analyses, it is possible to plan appropriate soil management practices, including fertilization.     

喀斯特峰丛洼地坡地橘园与梯田橘园土壤水分变化特征

为探明喀斯特坡地改为梯田后土壤水分的变化特征,以典型喀斯特坡地橘园和梯田橘园为研究对象,对不同深度土层(0—70 cm)土壤含水量进行1年 (376天)的连续监测。结果表明:(1)梯田橘园平均土壤含水量(32.64%)与坡地橘园(33.05%)差异很小,梯田橘园表层(0—10 cm)土壤含水量(43.35%)显著高于坡地橘园(34.24%),两者土壤水分均呈现旱季变化相对平缓、雨季波动较为剧烈的变化规律,梯田橘园表层土壤含水量与下层有明显差异,而坡地橘园各土层土壤含水量差异较小。(2)不同雨量的降雨事件中,梯田橘园各土层含水量总体增长幅度较坡地橘园大;停雨后24 h内,梯田橘园表层土壤含水量的衰退速度较坡地橘园慢,但停雨后1周内,梯田橘园各土层含水量衰退速度总体较坡地橘园快。(3)梯田橘园与坡地橘园的平均相对可利用水分分别为0.37与0.38,与非喀斯特地区相比,梯田在喀斯特峰丛洼地的保水效果相对不明显。研究结果可为定量评价喀斯特地区坡改梯措施的保水效益提供一定的科学依据。     

甘肃省武威地区灌漠土微量元素的空间变异特征

用经典统计学与地统计学方法相结合,研究了甘肃省武威灌漠土耕层土样中B、Cu、Fe、Mn及Zn等5种微量元素有效含量的空间变异特征。结果表明:①99.17%土样缺乏有效Zn,93.33%的土样缺乏有效Fe。描述性统计所得变异系数在13.32%(有效Mn)~42.54%(有效B)之间。②球状模型和指数模型为土壤微量元素的最佳拟合模型,各元素的块金值、最大相关距及块金值与基台值之比C0/(C0+C)分别在0.001~0.429、192m~477m及0.126%~26.459%(有效B)之间。土壤微量元素含量的分形维数在1.804~1.947之间,土壤B的分形维数最低。③表征土壤微量元素空间变异的参数如变异系数、C0/(C0+C)及分形维数D之间均有一定的相关关系。④Kriging插值结果显示人为因素等表生作用对土壤有效B含量的空间分布影响较大,土壤Cu、Mn、Zn及Fe含量的空间分布则主要由成土母质与地形所决定。     

不同土壤管理方式下幼龄柑橘根区土壤酶活性动态变化

以盆栽2年生纽荷尔脐橙为试材,研究了清耕、自然生草和间种绿肥条件下幼龄柑橘生长期内根区土壤酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,间种绿肥和生草能显著提高柑橘根际土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性,但2种酶的峰值出现时间不同,脲酶的峰值出现在绿肥成熟期和压青后,而蛋白酶峰值出现在压青前,压青引起蛋白酶活性降低。生草和间种绿肥的柑橘根际土壤过氧化氢酶略高于对照,但3处理间无明显差异;压青会引起过氧化氢酶活性降低,随着绿肥压青后腐解,过氧化氢酶又开始回升。因此,柑橘园内间种绿肥要适时压青。     

重庆市柑橘园土壤养分现状研究

采集了重庆市柑橘主产区104个柑橘园0~30 cm的土壤样品进行土壤养分状况分析。结果表明,重庆有90.5%柑橘园土壤p H适合柑橘生长;有87.5%的柑橘园土壤有机质含量偏低;土壤速效氮和有效磷缺乏的柑橘园分别占到77.9%和55.8%,土壤速效钾缺乏和过量并存;柑橘园土壤缺乏有效硫、钙、镁、硼、锰、铜、铁和锌的比例分别为24.0%、13.5%、44.2%、92.4%、35.6%、45.2%、41.3%和72.1%;部分柑橘园的土壤有效钙、镁、铁、锰和铜含量存在过量现象,分别占所有调查柑橘园的54.8%、6.7%、21.2%、16.4%和4.8%;除土壤p H与有效硼外,大部分柑橘园土壤农化样的有机质与其他有效养分含量均高于土壤背景样。因此,该区柑橘生产需根据果园所处地形、土壤养分与管理措施等条件合理施肥,建议在柑橘园增施硼、锌肥,同时要控制含微量元素的农药施用量。     

Effects of Nickel on Growth and Composition of Metal Micronutrients in Barley Plants Grown in Nutrient Solution

Abstract

A hydroponic experiment was conducted in a phytotron at pH 5.5 to study the effects of nickel (Ni) on the growth and composition of metal micronutrients, such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Minorimugi). Four Ni treatments were conducted (0, 1.0, 10, and 100 μM) for 14 d. Plants grown in 100 μM Ni showed typical visual symptoms of Ni toxicity such as chlorosis, necrosis of leaves, and browning of the root system, while other plants were free from any symptoms. Dry weights were the highest in plants grown in 1.0 μM Ni, with a corresponding increase in the chlorophyll index of the plants, suggesting that 1.0～10 μM Ni needs to be added to the nutrient solution for optimum growth of barley plants. The increase of Ni in the nutrient solutions increased the concentrations of Cu and Fe in roots, while a decrease was observed in shoots. The concentrations of Mn and Zn in shoots and roots of plants decreased with increasing Ni supply in the nutrient solution. Shoot concentrations of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in plants grown at 100 μ M Ni were below the critical levels for deficiency. Plants grown at 1.0 μ M Ni accumulated higher amounts of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, indicating that nutrient accumulation in plants was more influenced by dry weights than by nutrient concentrations. The translocation of Cu and Fe from roots to shoots was repressed, while that of Mn and Zn was not repressed with increasing Ni concentration in the nutrient solution.