磷酸型复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和蛋白消化率的影响

选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡450只,随机分成6组(对照组和5个试验组),研究磷酸型复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和蛋白消化率的作用效果,5个试验组日粮中的酸化剂添加量分别为0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%和0.3%。结果表明:酸化剂可提高肉鸡各阶段饲料蛋白的消化率,对肉鸡的半净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均有显著提高,根据研究结果,添加量0.15%的作用效果最好。     

复合酸化剂的日粮酸化作用及对营养物质表观消化率的影响

选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡450只,随机分成6组(对照组和5个试验组),研究不同添加水平复合酸化剂的日粮酸化作用及对营养物质消化率的影响,5个试验组日粮中的酸化剂添加量分0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%和0.3%。结果表明:添加复合酸化剂复合酸化剂显著降低了日粮的pH及系酸力,显著提高了各阶段日粮蛋白、能量、干物质、钙和磷的表观消化率,且以添加0.15%的作用效果最好。     

复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

本试验选用132只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分为3组,每组设4个重复,每个重复11只鸡,一组饲喂基础日粮作为对照组,另两组在基础日粮中添加0.5%和1.0%复合酸化剂作为试验组,研究日粮中添加复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡体增重和屠宰性能的影响,确定肉鸡日粮中适宜的复合酸化剂添加量。试验分两个阶段,前期0～21日龄,后期22～42日龄,每个阶段始末称重。试验结果表明,肉鸡日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%复合酸化剂不同程度改善肉鸡各阶段的体增重、料重比和成活率;但对肉鸡屠宰性能没有显著影响,综合指标来看,肉仔鸡日粮添加1.0%复合酸化剂的作用效果最佳。     

不同类型复合酸化剂在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用研究

将72头断奶1周的杜×长×大仔猪(35日龄)随机分成3组,包括1个对照组和2个试验组。各组的基础日粮相同,对照组为不添加酸化剂的基础日粮,试验1、2组分别添加0.15%普通复合酸化剂和0.15%缓释复合酸化剂,进行28 d的饲养试验。结果表明,添加0.15%缓释复合酸化剂可显著提高仔猪的日增重,降低料肉比、腹泻率和死亡率。     

复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡消化道pH值和消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡消化道pH值和消化酶活性的影响。选用420只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复35只。4种试验日粮分别是在基础日粮中添加0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的复合酸化剂配制而成。试验期21和42 d,每个重复随机取2只,测定不同消化段pH值、腺胃和肌胃内容物的蛋白酶活性以及十二指肠和空肠内容物的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,结果表明:试验期21 d,日粮中添加0.2%复合酸化剂组显著降低了嗉囊、腺胃、肌胃和十二指肠的pH值(P<0.05),添加0.3%复合酸化剂组显著降低了嗉囊和腺胃的pH值(P<0.05),添加0.2%和0.3%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P<0.05);试验期42 d,日粮添加0.3%复合酸化剂显著降低了空肠pH值(P<0.05),添加0.2%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),添加0.3%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加复合酸化剂组对消化道前段pH值影响显著,日粮中添加0.2%复合酸化剂能够有效降低消化道的pH值,并能提高十二指肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。     

牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸对肉仔鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质的影响。选用240只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的牛磺酸,试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加0.10%牛磺酸能够显著降低42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌失水率和粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05);(2)添加0.15%的牛磺酸显著提高42日龄肉仔鸡胸肌率和瘦肉率(P<0.05),显著降低皮脂厚(P<0.05),显著提高胸肌pH和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05),显著降低胸肌粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);(3)0.20%的牛磺酸显著提高胸肌pH、肉色和粗蛋白质含量(P<0.05)。     

酸化剂对肉鸡免疫器官指数、肠道pH值和血清生化指标的影响

试验研究酸化剂对肉鸡免疫器官指数、肠道p H值和血清生化指标的影响。将180只1日龄AA肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只。对照组与试验组A、B、C分别饲喂添加0%、0.1%、0.15%、0.2%复合酸化剂的基础日粮,试验期42 d。结果表明:酸化剂对免疫器官指数均无显著影响(P0.05),但对21和42日龄胸腺指数、42日龄法氏囊指数有提高趋势;对肠道p H值大都有所降低,其中21日龄试验组B的十二指肠p H值显著低于对照组(P0.05);对血清生化指标有所影响,其中21日龄试验组A的血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,在肉鸡日粮中添加酸化剂可提高免疫器官指数、降低肠道p H值和改善血清生化指标,且最适添加剂量为0.1%。     

复合酸化剂在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用研究

将96头断奶1周杜×长×大仔猪(35日龄)随机分成4组,每组24头,分为4个重复,每个重复6头,进行28d试验。试验采用单因子完全随机化设计,共设4个处理,包括对照组和3个试验组,基础日粮相同,对照组为不添加酸化剂的基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别为添加0.10%、0.15%和0.20%复合酸化剂的基础日粮。结果表明:添加0.15%和0.20%复合酸化剂均能显著提高断奶仔猪日增重、小肠胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性及盲肠乳酸杆菌数量,降低胃内容物pH,以添加0.15%复合酸化剂最好,能够显著降低料肉比和盲肠大肠杆菌数量。     

酸化剂对断奶獭兔生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和腹泻的影响

本试验旨在研究在断奶獭兔日粮中添加不同水平酸化剂对其生长性能、肠道消化酶活性和腹泻的影响。试验选取体重相近的35日龄断奶獭兔72只,随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复6只。对照组饲喂不添加酸化剂的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加0.05%、0.1%、0.15%酸化剂的试验饲粮,试验期35天。结果表明,饲粮中添加0.1%和0.15%酸化剂提高了断奶獭兔平均日增重(P0.05),降低了料重比(P0.05);饲粮中添加三个水平酸化剂均提高了断奶獭兔十二指肠中脂肪酶活性(P0.05)。添加0.1%酸化剂提高了断奶獭兔十二指肠中淀粉酶活性(P0.05)。添加0.05%酸化剂降低了断奶獭兔盲肠中纤维素酶活性(P0.05),添加0.1%和0.15%酸化剂提高了盲肠中纤维素酶的活性(P0.05);添加0.1%和0.15%酸化剂降低了断奶獭兔的腹泻率和死亡率(P0.05)。结果证实,在断奶獭兔饲粮中添加酸化剂可以促进獭兔生长,降低腹泻率和死亡率。本试验条件下,并结合经济效益因素,该复合酸化剂在断奶獭兔饲粮中的适宜添加量为0.1%。     

牛磺酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫器官发育及抗氧化能力的影响

选用240只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复.对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的牛磺酸,试验期42 d.结果表明:(1) 日粮中添加0.10%牛磺酸,能够显著提高肉仔鸡平均日增重和饲料转化率(P＜0.05),显著提高3周龄肉仔鸡脾脏指数和6周龄法式囊指数(P＜0.05),显著提高肉仔鸡血清和3周龄肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P＜0.05),并显著降低3周龄血清和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量(P＜0.05).(2)添加0.15%的牛磺酸显著提高3周龄肉仔鸡脾脏和胸腺指数(P＜0.05).(3)日粮中添加0.20%的牛磺酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、免疫器官发育和抗氧化能力没有显著影响(P＞0.05).     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.