地塞米松、油酸、乳酸对体外培养脂肪细胞HSL mRNA表达的影响

为了研究地塞米松、油酸、乳酸对HSL mRNA表达的影响,试验采用实时荧光定量方法检测脂肪细胞中HSL mRNA的表达量。结果表明:油酸、乳酸抑制脂肪细胞内HSL mRNA表达,抑制作用随着浓度增加而增强;地塞米松促进脂肪细胞内HSL mRNA表达,促进作用存在剂量依赖性。     

INS、GLN和LP对体外培养牛脂肪细胞内HSL、LP的mRNA丰度的影响

为了阐明胰岛素（INS）、胰高血糖素（GLN）和瘦蛋白（LP）对牛脂肪细胞内激素敏感酯酶（HSL）、LP的mRNA表达的调控作用，本试验采用体外原代培养牛脂肪细胞的培养液中添加不同浓度的胰岛素（0、5、10、20、50、100mmol／L）、胰高血糖素（O、25、100、200、500、1000pg／mL）和瘦蛋白（O、2．5、5、10、50、100ng／mL），培养12h后，应用建立的实时荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）方法检测牛脂肪细胞内HSL、LP的mRNA丰度。结果表明：胰岛素对牛脂肪细胞内HSL的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性抑制作用，对LP的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性促进作用。胰高血糖素对牛脂肪细胞内HSL的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性促进作用，对牛脂肪细胞内LP的mRNA表达无作用。瘦蛋白对牛脂肪细胞内HSL的mRNA表达先呈现剂量依赖性促进作用，后呈现抑制作用。但对牛脂肪细胞内LP的mRNA表达呈现剂量依赖性抑制作用。     

地塞米松、油酸、乳酸对体外培养脂肪细胞HSL mRNA表达的影响

取体外培养生长良好脂肪细胞,培养介质中分别添加0、10、20、40、80、160mg/L地塞米松,0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5mmol/L油酸,0、10、20、30、40、50mg/L乳酸,培养24h后提取总RNA,每个处理3个重复,分别采用荧光定量PCR法检测地塞米松、油酸、乳酸对脂肪细胞HSL mRNA丰度的影响。结果表明油酸、乳酸抑制脂肪细胞内HSL mRNA表达,抑制作用随浓度增加而增强;地塞米松促进脂肪细胞内HSL mRNA表达,是剂量依赖性。     

NEFA和BHBA对体外培养的脂肪细胞HSL、ADPN mRNA表达的影响

在体外培养的牛脂肪组织和脂肪细胞中,分别添加5个浓度梯度的NEFA和BHBA,均设3个重复,通过荧光定量PCR技术,观测不同浓度的NEFA和BHBA对牛脂肪细胞ADPN mRNA与HSL mRNA丰度的影响。结果表明:NEFA在一定浓度范围内(0.2~0.8 nmol/L)对ADPN mRNA表达有显著促进作用并呈剂量依赖性,而高浓度(>1.6 nmol/L)时又显著下调其表达;0.2~0.8 nmol/L NEFA对HSL mRNA的表达有抑制作用,呈剂量依赖性,但在高浓度时(>0.8 nmol/L)反而促进了其表达(P<0.05)。低浓度的BHBA对HSL mRNA的表达无显著抑制作用,高浓度(1.2 mmol/L)的BHBA显著下调HSL mRNA的表达,并呈剂量依赖性;低浓度(<0.6mmol/L)的BHBA对ADPN mRNA的表达无明显作用,但高浓度的BHBA(>0.6 mmol/L)对ADPN mRNA的表达具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。结论:代谢中间产物可通过促进ADPN mRNA或抑制HSL mRNA的表达来调节脂肪代谢。     

瘦蛋白(Leptin)对体外培养新生牛脂肪细胞Leptin、HSL基因表达的影响

取单层生长良好的脂肪细胞,采用单因素重复试验,分别添加0、2.5、5、10、50、100μg/L的外源牛重组瘦蛋白(Leptin),培养12h后提取总RNA,每个处理3个重复(孔),应用半定量PCR方法检测外源Leptin对脂肪细胞Leptin mRNA和HSL mRNA水平的影响.结果表明,Leptin对脂肪细胞内Leptin mRNA表达具有抑制作用,但一定浓度的Leptin能提高脂肪细胞内HSL mRNA水平,其中以5μg/L Leptin的作用最为明显;当Leptin的质量浓度超过5μg/L,HSL mRNA表达水平呈下降趋势.     

脂联素对体外培养新生牛脂肪细胞ADPN、HSL mRNA表达的影响

取单层生长状态良好的犊牛脂肪细胞,分别添加0、2.5、5、15、30、50、100 μg/mL外源牛重组脂联素（adiponectin,ADPN）,培养12 h后提取总RNA,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测外源脂联素对脂肪细胞ADPN mRNA和HSL mRNA表达水平的影响。结果显示,随着ADPN添加量的增多,ADPN mRNA相对表达量呈下降趋势;添加ADPN 15 μg/mL时,HSL mRNA的表达量达到峰值,之后呈下降趋势。结果表明体外培养的脂肪细胞中ADPN mRNA表达量受自身的负调节,而添加适量的ADPN可刺激脂肪细胞HSL mRNA的表达。     

血清剥夺对原代培养大鼠脂肪细胞脂代谢相关基因转录表达的影响

利用血清剥夺／血清培养实验模型，采用油红O染色提取法、甘油试剂盒和RT-PCR，诱导和测定了大鼠附睾脂肪垫分离和培养的脂肪细胞生脂和脂解及其相关酶和转录因子mRNA水平的变化，探讨脂肪细胞脂代谢通路中关键酶和转录因子基因转录表达的规律。结果显示，依血清剥夺时间延长，脂肪细胞激素敏感脂酶（HSL）mRNA表达水平显著提高（P〈0．05），恢复血清培养后，表达水平显著降低（P〈0．05），与脂解活性的变化一致；脂肪生成及生脂相关基因脂肪酸合酶（FAS）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC1）和碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白（ChREBP）mRNA表达水平依血清剥夺持续时间明显下降（P〈0．05），恢复血清培养，随培养时间延长显著提高（P〈0．05）；血清剥夺显著降低固醇调控元件结合蛋白（SREBP）-1cmRNA水平，但血清剥夺72h与36h无明显差异（P〉0．05）；血清剥夺72h后恢复血清培养36h和72h，SREBP-1cmRNA的表达水平没有显著性变化（P〉0．05）。结果表明，生脂及FAS和ACC1表达与ChREBP mRNA水平一致，但与SREBP-1c不一致，提示ChREBP与成熟脂肪细胞生脂基因转录激活可能有更密切的关系，但尚待在蛋白水平进一步证实。     

槲皮素对肉鸡脂肪细胞内分泌因子水平的影响

本试验旨在探讨槲皮素对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡脂肪细胞内分泌因子水平的影响。取10日龄AA肉仔鸡腹部脂肪,采用机械破碎和酶消化相结合的方法分离脂肪细胞,并采用油红O染色和细胞中甘油三酯(TG)含量检测的方法鉴定所分离的细胞。将脂肪细胞随机分5组(每组6个重复),空白组为基础培养液,溶剂对照组在基础培养液中添加2‰二甲基亚砜,试验组分别添加10、20、40mg/L槲皮素,于24、48、72h收集细胞及培养液,利用酶法测定TG含量,放射性免疫法测定肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)含量,酶联免疫吸附测定法测定脂联素(ADP)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)蛋白含量,实时定量PCR法测定PPARγ基因mRNA表达。结果表明:1)对所取脂肪组织进行分离提纯后,显微镜下可见悬浮细胞存在。贴壁后细胞内存在可被油红O染成鲜红色的液滴,同时TG检测显示细胞中存在TG,由此鉴定所取细胞为脂肪细胞。2)基础培养液中添加10、20、40μg/mL槲皮素后,与空白组相比,脂肪细胞TG含量显著降低(P<0.05);脂肪细胞中TNFα和ADP含量显著增加(P<0.05),且存在一定的剂量和时间依赖性;脂肪细胞PPARγ基因mRNA表达和蛋白含量受到抑制(P<0.05),其中对mRNA表达的影响存在时间和剂量依赖性,而蛋白含量的变化规律不明显。综上所述,槲皮素可通过调节脂肪细胞内分泌因子TNFα、ADP和PPARγ的生成水平来降低脂肪细胞TG含量。     

健康奶牛围产期脂肪组织ADPN mRNA和HSLmRNA丰度

为探讨脂联素(ADPN)与激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)对围产期奶牛脂肪动员的影响及其相互关系,随机选取围产期健康奶牛10头,分别于产前28天、产前14天、产后1天、产后14天和产后28天,应用荧光定量RT-PCR法检测其脂肪组织ADPN mRNA和HSL mRNA丰度。结果表明:在围产期,随着分娩日龄的临近,其脂肪组织的HSL mRNA水平随着ADPN mRNA丰度的降低而下降,产后则随其升高而上升,初步推测脂联素可能是通过调控脂肪HSL mRNA的表达和分泌来调节围产期奶牛脂肪的。     

大鼠脂肪细胞分化过程中脂代谢相关基因转录表达时序的研究

对大鼠附睾和肾周脂肪组织分离的前体脂肪细胞原代培养，采用RT—PCR法分析脂代谢重要酶和转录因子基因在不同分化阶段转录表达的时序变化。结果显示，在前体脂肪细胞阶段，固醇调控元件结合蛋白（SREBP）-1c、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白（ChREBP）以及脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α（ACC1）、硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶（SCD）和激素敏感脂酶（HSL）基因均不转录表达；HSL mRNA在分化初期表达，中期表达水平最高，分化末期降低；SCD mRNA在分化中期表达，末期表达水平显著提高；分化初期FAS mRNA水平明显高于中期和末期；ACC1 mRNA仅在末期表达；分化初期SREBP-1c mRNA水平较高，中期和末期显著下降；ChREBP mRNA表达水平在分化末期稍高于中期，但差异不显著。表明，SREBP-1c mRNA的表达与脂肪细胞早期分化调控有关，分化成熟脂肪细胞的ChREBP mRNA表达可能与生脂基因的转录激活有关。     

猪甘油三酯水解酶和激素敏感脂酶基因表达规律的研究

利用半定量RT-PCR法分析比较了甘油三酯水解酶(Triacylglycerol hydrolase,TGH)和激素敏感脂酶(Hormone-sensitive lipase,HSL)基因在不同猪种、不同发育阶段及不同部位脂肪组织中转录表达的差异,探讨其在猪脂肪组织的表达规律。结果显示,脂肪型个体TGHmRNA表达丰度显著低于瘦肉型和杂交型个体,成年猪较初生仔猪低,皮下、腹膜和内脏脂肪组织中TGH表达量依次递增;其变化规律与HSL相同。此外,对分离培养的原代前体脂肪细胞通过诱导分化和油红O染色区分分化状态,分析TGHmRNA表达的时序变化,发现TGH在前脂肪细胞中不转录表达,诱导分化后开始表达,且在诱导分化第4天表达量最高,分化第10天表达量下降,达到峰值的时间较HSL早。结果表明,TGH的表达与个体肥胖程度、年龄、脂肪组织部位以及脂肪细胞分化程度相关,同时,在脂肪细胞分化过程中,TGH表达峰值早于HSL,提示TGH在脂肪细胞发育过程中可能较早承担基础脂解作用。     

Activity and tissue-specific expression of lipases and tumor-necrosis factor alpha in lean and obese cats

Post-heparin plasma activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), and fat and muscle activity of LPL were measured in neutered lean and obese cats. Lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF) mRNA were measured in muscle and fat tissue with real-time PCR using primers for feline LPL, HSL, and TNF. Lipoprotein lipase plasma and fat activity and fat mRNA levels were significantly lower (50, 80, and 50%, respectively) in obese cats than lean cats, whereas the muscle/fat ratio of LPL was significantly higher in obese compared to lean cats. The activity of HL was not different between the groups. Hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA levels were significantly higher in obese than lean cats. The level of fat TNF also was significantly higher in obese cats than in lean cats, whereas the level in muscle was not different. The lower LPL activity and mRNA expression in fat and the higher LPL and HSL mRNA expression in muscle in obese cats compared to lean cats expectedly favor a redistribution of fatty acids from fat to muscle tissue where they can be deposited or used for energy in times of need. Tumor necrosis factor alpha may regulate this repartitioning process through suppression of adipocyte LPL.     

Effects of an intravenous injection of NPY on leptin and NPY-Y1 receptor mRNA expression in ovine adipose tissue

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is highly expressed in hypothalami of undernourished and genetically obese animals, and is a potent regulator of food intake and reproduction. Leptin, a protein expressed by adipocytes, has been reported to reduce hypothalamic NPY expression. We recently detected (by ribonuclease protection assay [RPA]) expression of the NPY receptor subtype Y1 (but not Y2) mRNA in adipose tissue. Based on these observations we hypothesized that NPY-Y1 receptors in adipose may represent a peripheral mechanism by which NPY can regulate leptin expression in a direct and rapid manner. To test this hypothesis, adipose samples were biopsied from the tailhead region of 48 ± 3 kg wether lambs immediately before and 30 min after a single intravenous injection of 50 μg porcine NPY (“treated” animals, n = 5), or vehicle (“control” animals, n = 4). Injection of NPY resulted in an increase in expression (P = 0.013; as measured by RPA) of both leptin and NPY-Y1 mRNA. In treated animals, negative correlations were found between response in leptin expression and body weight (r = −0.82, P = 0.092), and between leptin response and initial leptin mRNA levels (r = −0.81, P = 0.097). These data provide evidence of a peripheral mechanism by which NPY may regulate adipocyte expression of both leptin and NPY-Y1 receptor mRNA.     

胰岛素、胰高血糖素对体外培养的牛脂肪细胞HSL mRNA和ADPN mRNA丰度的影响

试验在单层培养的新生犊牛脂肪细胞中,分别添加胰岛素（INS）与胰高血糖素（GN）,每个激素设置6个梯度3个重复,通过荧光定量PCR技术,观测2种激素对ADPN mRNA与HSL mRNA丰度的影响。结果表明,胰岛素抑制了脂肪细胞ADPN mRNA与HSL mRNA的表达,胰高血糖素促进了ADPN mRNA与HSL mRNA的表达,且ADPNmRNA与HSL mRNA存在相关性。     

The response of gene expression associated with intramuscular fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Simmental × Yellow breed cattle to different energy levels of diets

This study was designed to estimate dietary energy level on intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Simmental × Yellow breed cattle. Results showed that ultimate weight and average daily gain in high and medium energy groups were significantly higher than low‐energy group, yet feed conversion ratio was significantly lower. IMF content was significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas longissimus muscle shear force significantly decreased. Serum‐free fatty acids, triglycerides and glucose significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas growth hormone (GH) significantly decreased. Enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) significantly diminished. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase, adipocyte‐fatty acid‐binding proteins, ACC, LPL, and FAS gene or protein expression significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas HSL, CPT‐1, and GH gene or protein expression significantly decreased. These results indicated that high dietary energy promoting IMF deposition is mainly by downregulating pituitary GH gene expression, decreasing serum GH concentration, increasing lipogenic genes levels of mRNA, enzyme activities and protein expression, and decreasing lipolytic genes levels of mRNA, enzyme activities, and protein expression.     

日粮类型对猪肌肉组织HSL mRNA和Obese mRNA基因表达的影响

选用20 kg左右的"杜×长×大"外三元杂交仔猪20头,随机分为2组,分别饲喂豆粕型和杂粕(双低菜籽粕+豆粕)型2种不同类型的日粮,饲养猪至体重达到100 kg左右时屠宰测定瘦肉率,取背最长肌肌肉组织,采用RT-PCR技术检测分析HSL mRNA和Obese mRNA表达情况,以探索出日粮类型与基因表达的关系。结果显示,杂粕日粮较豆粕日粮可显著增加HSL mRNA表达量、减少Obese mRNA表达量(P<0.05),2种日粮类型虽对猪瘦肉率无显著性影响,但是从实际值来看,杂粕日粮表现出提高趋势,较豆粕日粮提高3.5%(P>0.05)。