能量水平对20～30 kg羔羊生长性能、能量和氮表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同能量水平对道寒杂交羔羊生长性能、能量和氮表观消化率的影响,为肉用羔羊配制适宜营养水平的日粮提供依据。选用体重20 kg左右的道寒杂交断奶公羔48只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只。以NRC(2007)营养需要量参数为依据,配制不同代谢能水平(10.12、11.11、12.05 MJ/kg)日粮,可消化蛋白(11%)、钙和磷水平一致。试验预试期15 d,正试期50 d。当其中1组平均体重达到30 kg时,每组取6只,采用全收粪法收集粪样,测定能量和氮表观消化率。结果表明:羔羊体重、日增重、采食量均随能量水平的增加而提高,其中高能组极显著高于低能组(P0.01),显著高于中能组(P0.05),中能组显著高于低能组(P0.05);高能组日粮能量表观消化率显著高于低能组和中能组(P0.05),低能组与中能组间差异不显著(P0.05);高能组和中能组的日粮氮表观消化率极显著高于低能组(P0.01),高能组与中组间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,日粮能量水平影响羔羊能量和蛋白的消化利用及生长发育,当20~30 kg羔羊日粮含11%可消化蛋白,代谢能为12 MJ/kg时羔羊生长性能、能量和蛋白利用率最佳。     

添加纤维素复合酶制剂对羔羊日粮营养物质消化的影响

为研究纤维素酶制剂对羔羊消化性能的影响,选取体重相近、健康断奶的萨福克羊与小尾寒羊杂交一代4月龄羔羊60只,随机分为5组,分别为对照组(CP 18.54%,DE 13.04 MJ/kg)、低蛋白日粮加酶组(Ⅰ组CP 16.44%,DE 13.04 MJ/kg,复合纤维素酶0.2%)、低蛋白日粮组(Ⅱ组CP 16.44%,DE 13.04 MJ/kg)、低能量日粮加酶组(Ⅲ组CP18.54%,DE 12.26 MJ/kg,复合纤维素酶0.2%)、低能量日粮组(Ⅳ组CP 18.54%,DE 12.26 MJ/kg).饲喂30天后,采用全收粪法收集粪样.结果表明日粮能量水平和蛋白质水平影响羔羊对日粮营养物质的消化.降低日粮蛋白或能量水平显著降低了日粮DM、CP、EE、CF的消化率以及钙、磷吸收率.比较而言,能量水平对各种养分消化率的影响更大.同时,酶制剂作用效果受日粮能量水平的影响大于日粮蛋白质水平对其的影响;低蛋白日粮加入复合纤维素酶制剂有提高粗纤维消化率的趋势(但未达到显著水平,P＞0.05),不能提高粗脂肪的消化率和钙磷的吸收率;而低日粮能量水平添加加酶制剂,可以显著提高(P＜0.05)粗脂肪的消化率、钙的吸收率,但不能提高粗纤维的消化率,也不能改善磷的吸收率.     

日粮营养水平对中卫山羊母羊泌乳性能的影响

选择10只胎次相近(2胎或3胎),羔羊出生时间相近(±3 d内)、体重相近的健康无病母羊和羔羊,随机分为2组,每组5只。采用蛋白质水平一致、能量水平不同的日粮,探讨不同营养水平对中卫山羊泌乳性能的影响。结果表明:日粮在粗蛋白含量为12.5%、能量为11.19 MJ/kg的条件下能够满足中卫山羊的泌乳及生长需要。     

妊娠后期营养水平对中卫山羊母羊繁殖性能的影响

本试验通过在妊娠后期给母羊饲喂3种不同能量浓度的日粮,来研究不同能量水平日粮对妊娠后期母羊生产性能、羔羊初生重、体尺指标及裘皮品质的影响,为中卫山羊母羊妊娠后期营养标准的制定提供理论依据。结果表明,对于妊娠后期中卫山羊母羊而言,日粮DE为10 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质为11.5%的营养水平最有利于其繁殖性能的发挥。     

日粮蛋白质水平对20～30 kg羔羊生长性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同日粮蛋白质水平对20～30 kg无角道赛特×小尾寒羊(道寒)杂交一代羔羊生长性能、营养物质及能量表观消化率的影响,为羔羊日粮配制和我国肉羊营养需要参数提供数据支持。选用36只体重20 kg左右的断奶道寒杂交公羔,随机分为3组,每组12只,参照NRC(2007)营养需要量分别配制可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)为9.94%、11.04%、11.98%全混合日粮(消化能为14.45 MJ/kg)。预试期15 d,正试期50 d。测定采食量及生长性能,体重达30 kg时采用全收粪尿法测定羔羊的表观消化率。结果表明:11.98%DCP组羔羊的采食量极显著高于9.94%DCP组和11.04%DCP组,各组间能量表观消化率差异不显著,11.98%DCP组和11.04%DCP组的氮表观消化率显著高于9.94%DCP组,粗脂肪消化率随蛋白浓度提升而显著提高,11.98%DCP组和9.94%DCP间差异显著。综上,日粮中蛋白水平影响羔羊生长性能及其对营养物质的消化利用,且消化能14.45 MJ/kg、可消化蛋白为11.98%时20～30 kg羔羊生长性能最好。     

能量水平对妊娠后期绒山羊养分消化率及羔羊的影响

试验通过为内蒙古白绒山羊妊娠后期母羊提供不同代谢能水平的日粮,研究母羊妊娠后期日粮能量水平对初生羔羊发育状况的影响,以及日粮不同能量水平条件下妊娠母羊对养分的表观消化率。结果表明:母羊妊娠后期高能日粮和低能日粮对羔羊初生重影响显著,母羊妊娠后期高代谢能(14.3 MJ/kg)可以有效增加羔羊体尺;日粮代谢能水平会显著影响母羊妊娠后期的体增重。本试验中,日粮代谢能水平为14.3 MJ/kg时,内蒙古白绒山羊母羊妊娠后期体增重最大;高的日粮代谢能水平(14.3 MJ/kg)会增加内蒙古白绒山羊妊娠后期母羊日粮营养物质的表观消化率,尤其是粗蛋白表观消化率。     

日粮营养水平对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊日粮养分表观消化率的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养水平精料补饲对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊的日粮养分表观消化率的影响。选择3月龄、体重相近的海南黑山羊24只,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组4只羊。设计2个粗蛋白质水平(15%和17%)和3个消化能水平(11.72、12.55、13.39MJ/kg)的精料补充料,自由采食,试验期90d。结果表明:日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日均干物质、能量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),日粮消化能水平对黑山羊日均粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙、磷、NDF和ADF采食量影响显著(P<0.05);日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);随着日粮中消化能水平的增加,能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率亦随之增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分表观消化率无显著影响,而日粮能量水平对日粮中能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率影响显著。     

生长期西藏白绒山羊能量和蛋白质需要量研究

为了确定生长期西藏白绒山羊的能量、蛋白质需要量,本研究以24只体重相近、健康状况良好的3月龄西藏绒山羊母羊为研究对象,按消化能和粗蛋白两因子2×3水平的试验设计随机分为6组,进行为期90d的饲养试验和14d的消化代谢试验。结果表明:(1)日粮能量水平可显著增加试验羊的日增重(P0.05);日粮蛋白水平对末期体重、日增重和干物质采食量均有极显著影响(P0.01);日粮能量和蛋白水平对日增重和干物质采食量有显著的互作效应(P0.05)。(2)日粮蛋白水平可极显著地影响氮代谢(P0.01);日粮能量和蛋白水平仅对粪氮有显著的互作效应。(3)日粮能量水平对食入总能、甲烷能、总能消化率和总能代谢率有显著影响(P0.05);日粮蛋白水平对甲烷能、总能消化率和总能代谢率有显著影响(P0.05);日粮能量和蛋白水平对食入总能、甲烷能、总能消化率、总能代谢率和消化能代谢率有显著的互作效应(P0.05)。因此,生长期西藏白绒山羊日粮适宜的消化能和代谢能水平分别为11.09～12.03MJ/kg和9.42～10.13MJ/kg,适宜的粗蛋白和可消化粗蛋白水平分别为10.35%～11.29%和5.74%～6.47%。     

日粮能量水平对中卫山羊羯羊生长与屠宰性能的影响

选择出生和断奶时间相近、健康、平均体重差异不显著(P>0.05)的羯羔羊27只,随机分为3组。以不同能量水平日粮饲喂各组试验羊,并统计羯羊体重及增重变化情况。结果表明:3组试验羊的日粮在蛋白水平相同、能量水平不同的情况下日增重差异均不显著(P>0.05),但以第Ⅱ组试验羊平均日增重最高。     

生长期杜×寒F1代肉羊能量和蛋白质水平对营养物质消化代谢的影响

为了研究生长期杜×寒F1代肉羊能量和蛋白质水平对营养物质消化代谢的影响,试验采用4×4拉丁方试验,设计4种不同能量和蛋白水平日粮,分别为低能低蛋白组(1组)、高能低蛋白组(2组)、低能高蛋白组(3组)、高能高蛋白组(4组),测定杜×寒F1代育肥羊能量和蛋白质的消化代谢规律。结果表明:日粮能量及蛋白质水平对育肥羊干物质采食量、平均日增重和营养物质消化率都有显著影响(P0.05);4组的可消化粗蛋白、净蛋白利用率显著高于1,2,3组(P0.05);4组总能消化率、总能代谢率、消化能代谢率最高,显著高于1组(P0.05);4组的增重收益及毛收益最高。说明日粮能量水平为11.92 MJ/kg、粗蛋白含量为11.52%的高能高蛋白(4组)日粮最适合饲喂本地杜×寒F1代肉羊。     

不同饲养水平对瑶山鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同饲养水平对瑶山鸡生产性能和胴体特征的影响.试验将400只平均体重一致的1日龄瑶山鸡随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复50只.2组分别饲喂代谢能水平为3155 Kcal/kg、粗蛋白质水平为225 g/kg的高能高蛋白日粮和代谢能水平为2965 Kcal/kg、粗蛋白质水平为195 g/kg的低能低蛋白...     

不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮交替饲喂对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血浆激素含量及抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在探究不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮交替饲喂对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血浆激素含量及抗氧化指标的影响.试验分为2个阶段,配制6种试验饲粮,妊娠前期试验饲粮:低能量低蛋白质水平饲粮(12.54 MJ/kg、15.55％)、中能量中蛋白质水平饲粮(13.27 MJ/kg、16.47％)、高能量高蛋白质水平饲粮(13.44 MJ...     

Influence of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of haemonchosis in lambs given continuous infections

Mixed-sex groups of three-month-old Finn Dorset and Dorset Horn lambs were given complete diets containing either high or low protein. A trickle infection with Haemonchus contortus of 200 larvae, given three times a week, began one month later for a 17 week period. Erythrokinetic, metabolic, digestibility and balance studies were conducted with the male lambs during weeks 12 to 14 of the infection. Clinical signs of haemonchosis became evident only in the low protein diet group. The infection was characterised by severe macrocytic anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, reduced survival, high egg counts and a significantly greater worm burden. In the high protein diet group many lambs developed resistance to further infection in contrast to the low protein group in which no resistance developed. Live-weight gain was not affected by infection in the high protein diet group but decreased in the lambs given the low protein diet compared with uninfected controls. However, infection did not appear adversely to affect the digestive efficiency, nitrogen retention or iron absorption in either dietary group although loss of appetite occurred in the low protein group. Examination of a sample joint from the carcases showed infection was associated with a marked reduction in muscle mass in lambs given the low protein diet relative to the control animals.     

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism,and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Super Merino Lamb

The experiment aimed to find out the effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, digestion and metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of Super Merino lamb after weaning.According to the dietary crude protein level, 64 Super Merino weaned lambs were divided into four groups, which the crude protein levels were 13.25%(group Ⅰ), 14.33%(group Ⅱ), 15.53%(group Ⅲ) and 16.60%(group Ⅳ), respectively.The experiment lasted for 60 days, 30 days for the early stage and 30 days for the later stage;And on the 30th and 60th day, blood samples were collected from one head sheep chosen from each replication, and at the end of the feeding test, 3 lambs were randomly selected from each experiment group for a 15 days digestion and metabolism experiment.The results showed that ADFI and ADG in the early and total trial period were significant differences(P<0.05), ADFI and ADG of group Ⅲ were higher than others.The apparent digestibility of nutrients and ME/DE were not significantly changed(P>0.05).In the detection of serum biochemical indexes, there was no significant difference in the earlier stage(P>0.05);At the end of the test, PK and CK showed significant difference between groups(P<0.05).PK presented a rising trend as the protein level improved, CK of group Ⅰ was higher than other groups.In Super Merino lamb early weaning diet, 15.53% protein level in the diet could significantly improve ADG, the apparent digestibility of nutrients, metabolic energy digestibility.At the end of the test, PK and CK were affected by dietary crude protein level significantly.     

日粮粗蛋白质水平对苏博美利奴羊生长性能、消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同粗蛋白质水平日粮对断奶初期苏博美利奴羊生长性能、消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响。按照日粮粗蛋白质水平将64只苏博美利奴羊断奶羔羊随机分为4组,粗蛋白质水平分别为13.25%(Ⅰ组)、14.33%(Ⅱ组)、15.53%(Ⅲ组)、16.60%(Ⅳ组)。进行为期60 d的饲养试验,试验前期30 d,试验后期30 d。第30和60天称重后,在每个重复随机抽取1只羊进行血液样品采集。饲养试验结束后从每个试验组中随机选取3只苏博美利奴羊进行为期15 d的消化代谢试验。结果表明,4个试验组平均日增重和平均日采食量在试验前期和试验全期均存在显著差异(P<0.05),Ⅲ组的平均日增重和平均日采食量在整个试验期均高于其他3组。各组养分表观消化率及消化能代谢率均不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。在血清生化指标的检测中,试验前期各试验组不存在显著差异(P>0.05);试验后期丙酮酸激酶和肌酸激酶组间差异显著(P<0.05)。丙酮酸激酶随着日粮粗蛋白质水平的提高呈现出上升趋势,Ⅰ组肌酸激酶高于其他各组。在苏博美利奴羊断奶初期的日粮中,15.53%粗蛋白质水平的日粮配方使羔羊平均日增重显著提高,养分表观消化率、消化能代谢率均高于其他各组。到试验结束时,血清丙酮酸激酶和肌酸激酶受日粮粗蛋白质水平影响显著。     

蛋白水平及Lys/Met对早期断奶藏羔羊生长发育的影响

旨在研究藏羔羊早期断奶料蛋白水平及Lys/Met配比对其生长发育的影响。试验选取(55±2)日龄断奶、体重(10.85±0.65)kg藏羔羊98只,随机分为7组,每组14只,公母各半。分别饲喂不同蛋白水平和Lys/Met配比的藏羔羊早期断奶料,试验期20 d。结果:藏羔羊早期断奶料蛋白水平在15%～21%,随断奶料蛋白水平的提高,采食量和日增重增加、腹泻率降低、血清蛋白含量增加;18%蛋白,Lys/Met配比为3.1∶1的日粮最为合理,可以替代21%高蛋白断奶料;在15%蛋白水平的日粮,Lys/Met配比为3.1∶1最为合理,可以替代18%中蛋白断奶料。结果提示:早期断奶料营养水平影响藏羔羊早期的生长发育和血清指标,本试验推荐的早期断奶藏羔羊断奶料适宜的配比为18%蛋白水平和Lys/Met配比为3.1∶1。     

The effect of dietary protein on the pathophysiology of acute ovine haemonchosis

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary protein on the pathophysiology iof acute haemonchosis in Finn Dorset/Dorset horn lambs.

Erythrokinetic and metabolic studies using ⁵¹Cr-red cells, ⁵⁹Fe-trasferrin and ¹²⁵I-albumine and digestive efficiency and nitrogen balance measurements wer conducted between 19 and 39 days after infection. Identical radioisotopic and nutritional studies were conducted later on pair-fed control lambs.

The results demonstrated that lambs on a law protein diet (88 g crude protein (CP) kg⁻¹ dry matter (DM)) were less able to withstand the pathyphysiological consequences of infection with 350 Haemonchus contortus larvae kg⁻¹ body weight than lambs given a high protein (170 g CP kg⁻¹ DM) diet, despite similar worm budens.

Erythrokinetic studies indicated that abomasal blood loss was similar in both groups of infected lambs, and circulating red cell volumes were reduced and plasma volumes were expanded to a similar degree in both groups. The majority of infected lambs in both dietary groups responded equally well to the gastric haemorrhage by increasing the rate of red cell production and their absorption of dietary iron was greater than in the control lambs. Albumin catabolism was increased in both groups of infected lambs, particularly in those given the low protein diet.

Within each dietary group there were no differences in the digestibilities of the various proximate fractions of the experimental diets and no differences in the urinary of faecal nitrogen losses between infected lambs and their pair-fed control. However, loss of appetive was a major feature of the disease, particularly in the lambs given the low protein diet and this feature appeared to be crucial in determining the ability of the infected sheep to withstand the pathophysiological effects of the parasite.     

Effects of energy supplementation on lamb production of Javanese thin-tail ewes

A 3-yr study was conducted in North Sumatra, Indonesia, as part of an evaluation of the feasibility of integrating sheep and rubber production. The objective was to evaluate the effects of increasing energy supplementation on reproduction and other performance criteria of Javanese Thin-Tail sheep grazing volunteer forages under 8- and 14-yr-old rubber trees. The control group was unsupplemented. The medium group was supplemented with high-energy feeds at 1% of the flock body weight, with the low and high groups receiving 60% or 140% of the daily energy provided by the medium group diet. Supplements provided 1.2 g protein per kilogram BW. There were 158 lambs born to the 152 ewes in the 1st year of the study. Preweaning mortality rates of lambs were reduced (P less than .01) with supplementation (45 vs 12, 3 and 12% for the control, low, medium and high groups, respectively). During the 3 yr, litter size was higher (P less than .01) in the high group (1.33, 1.31 and 1.34 vs 1.71 for ewes on the four respective diets). Observed repeatability of litter size of individual ewes in all treatment groups for the first three parities was higher (P less than .01) than would be expected if litter size were a random event. Of the lambs born in the 1st yr, kilograms of lamb weaned per ewe joined were 3.1, 7.8, 7.3 and 9.8. At prevailing prices, only the high supplement level was profitable compared to the control. For the high group, the added return from the sale of lambs born the 1st yr was 120% of the added cost of supplementing the ewes until all the lambs were weaned (15 mo). Response of sheep to the high level of energy supplementation, especially with regard to litter size, indicates that supplementing sheep grazing in rubber plantations at a high level can be profitable.     

Primary evaluation of methenamine as a NPN compound with probable effects on increasing ruminal escaped protein

The effects of methenamine as a non-protein nitrogenous compound on protein and health status of feedlot lambs were studied in three groups of lambs receiving 5, 10, or 15 g of the substance daily in their feed for 100 days. The results were compared with data obtained from a control group receiving a diet low in crude protein without methenamine. Serum total protein, serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were measured every 10 days as indicators of protein metabolism and kidney function. Urine samples were also examined on the same days for possible side-effects of methenamine on the urinary tract. Following slaughter, various internal organs, including the brain and various parts of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, were examined both grossly and microscopically to detect any lesions. All groups receiving methenamine had serum total protein and serum urea nitrogen levels higher than those in the control group. The serum creatinine level was normal in all the groups throughout the experiment. No gross or microscopic lesion attributed to the toxic effects of methenamine was detected in any of the internal organs. Therefore, it is concluded that methenamine can be used as a non-protein nitrogenous compound without serious side-effects.