Priming effect and its regulating factors for fast and slow soil organic carbon pools: A meta-analysis

The priming effect (PE) plays a critical role in the control of soil carbon (C) cycling and influences the alteration of soil organic C (SOC) decomposition by fresh C input.However,drivers of PE for the fast and slow SOC pools remain unclear because of the varying results from individual studies.Using meta-analysis in combination with boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis,we evaluated the relative contribution of multiple drivers of PE with substrate and their patterns across each driver gradient.The results showed that the variability of PE was larger for the fast SOC pool than for the slow SOC pool.Based on the BRT analysis,67%and 34%of the variation in PE were explained for the fast and slow SOC pools,respectively.There were seven determinants of PE for the fast SOC pool,with soil total nitrogen (N) content being the most important,followed by,in a descending order,substrate C:N ratio,soil moisture,soil clay content,soil pH,substrate addition rate,and SOC content.The directions of PE were negative when soil total N content and substrate C:N ratio were below 2 g kg~(-1)and 20,respectively,but the directions changed from negative to positive with increasing levels of this two factors.Soils with optimal water content (50%–70%of the water-holding capacity) or moderately low pH (5–6) were prone to producing a greater PE.For the slow SOC pool,soil p H and soil total N content substantially explained the variation in PE.The magnitude of PE was likely to decrease with increasing soil pH for the slow SOC pool.In addition,the magnitude of PE slightly fluctuated with soil N content for the slow SOC pool.Overall,this meta-analysis provided new insights into the distinctive PEs for different SOC pools and indicated knowledge gaps between PE and its regulating factors for the slow SOC pool.     

Environmental risks for application of iron and steel slags in soils in China: A review

Iron and steel slags are smelting wastes, mainly including blast furnace slag(BFS) and steel slag(SS) produced in the iron and steel industry. Utilization of iron and steel slags as resources for solving the problem of slag disposals has attracted much attention with increasing iron and steel smelting slags in China. Because the iron and steel slags contain calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), phosphorus(P), and silicon(Si), some have tried to use them as Si-and P-fertilizers, for producing Ca-Mg-P fertilizers, or as soil amendments in agriculture. However, in the iron metallurgical process, several pollutants in iron ores can inevitably transfer into iron and steel slags, resulting in the enrichment of pollutants both in BFS(mainly nickel(Ni), copper(Cu), mercury, zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), arsenic, lead, selenium, fluorine(F), and chlorine(Cl)) and in SS(mainly Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, F, and Cl), in which some of pollutants(especially Cr, Ni, F, and Cl) exceed the limits of environmental quality standards for soils and groundwater. The elements of manganese, barium,and vanadium in iron and steel slags are higher than the background values of soil environment. In order to ensure soil health, food safety, and environmental quality, it is suggested that those industrial solid wastes, such as iron and steel slags, without any pretreatment for reducing harmful pollutants and with environmental safety risk, should not be allowed to use for soil remediation or conditioning directly in farmlands by solid waste disposal methods, to prevent pollutants from entering food chain and harming human health.     

A review of cadmium sorption mechanisms on soil mineral surfaces revealed from synchrotron-based X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy: Implications for soil remediation

The sorption of cadmium(Cd) is one of the most important chemical processes in soil, affecting its fate and mobility in both soil and water and ultimately controlling its bioavailability. In order to fundamentally understand the sorption/desorption of Cd in soil systems, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy(XAFS) has been applied in numerous studies to provide molecular-level information that can be used to characterize the surface adsorption and precipitation reactions that Cd can undergo. This information greatly improves our current knowledge of the possible chemical reactions of Cd in soil. This paper critically reviews the mechanisms of Cd sorption/desorption at the mineral-water interface based on XAFS studies performed over the past twenty years. An introduction to the basic concepts of sorption processes is provided, followed by a detailed interpretation of XAFS theory and experimental data collection and processing,ending finally with a discussion of the atomic/molecular-scale Cd sorption mechanisms that occur at the soil mineral-water interface. Particular emphasis is placed on literature that discusses Cd adsorption and speciation when associated with iron, manganese, and aluminum oxides and aluminosilicate minerals.Multiple sorption mechanisms by which Cd is sorbed by these minerals have been found, spanning from outer-sphere to inner-sphere to surface precipitation,depending on mineral type, surface loading, and pH. In addition, the application of complementary techniques(e.g.,113 Cd nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and molecular dynamics simulation) for probing Cd sorption mechanisms is discussed. This review can help to develop appropriate strategies for the environmental remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.     

大宁党参高产栽培技术

党参因产地及加工方法不同,有不同的商品名。巫溪称"大宁党"、巫山称"巫山党"、"单支党"、"条党"、"庙党",奉节称"条党"。巫溪所产党参是川党参(C.tangshen Oliv.)中的一种,即"大宁党",其名称来源于产地命名(巫溪县在明国时期为大宁县),在植物学分类上为"条党",即产于重庆、湖北、陕西交界处的党参,其形状多条状,故名"条党"。     

Human and ecological risks of metals in soils under different land-use types in an urban environment of Bangladesh

Trace metal contamination in soil is of great concern owing to its long persistence in the environment and toxicity to humans and other organisms.Concentrations of six potentially toxic trace metals,Cr,Ni,Cu,As,Cd,and Pb,in urban soils were measured in Dhaka City,Bangladesh.Soils from different land-use types,namely,agricultural field,park,playground,petrol station,metal workshop,brick field,burning sites,disposal sites of household waste,garment waste,electronic waste,and tannery wast,and construction waste demolishing sites,were investigated.The concentration ranges of Cr,Ni,Cu,As,Pb,and Cd in soils were 2.4–1258,8.3–1044,9.7–823,8.7–277,1.8–80,and 13–842 mg kg^-1,respectively.The concentrations of metals were subsequently used to establish hazard quotients(HQs)for the adult population.The metal HQs decreased in the order of As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cu.Ingestion was the most vital exposure pathway of studied metals from soils followed by dermal contact and inhalation.The range of pollution load index(PLI)was 0.96–17,indicating severe contamination of soil by trace metals.Considering the comprehensive potential ecological risk(PER),soils from all land-use types showed considerable to very high ecological risks.The findings of this study revealed that in the urban area studied,soils of some land-use types were severely contaminated with trace metals.Thus,it is suggested that more attention should be paid to the potential health risks to the local inhabitants and ecological risk to the surrounding ecosystems.     

Importance of hydrogenotrophic, aceticlastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis for methane production in terrestrial, aquatic and other anoxic environments: A mini review

Microbial methanogenesis is a major source of the greenhouse gas methane(CH4).It is the final step in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter when inorganic electron acceptors such as nitrate,ferric iron,or sulfate have been depleted.Knowledge of this degradation pathway is important for the creation of mechanistic models,prediction of future CH4 emission scenarios,and development of mitigation strategies.In most anoxic environments,CH4 is produced from either acetate(aceticlastic methanogenesis)or hydrogen(H2)plus carbon dioxide(CO2)(hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis).Hydrogen can be replaced by other CO2-type methanogenesis,using formate,carbon monoxide(CO),or alcohols as substrates.The ratio of these two pathways is tightly constrained by the stoichiometry of conversion processes.If the degradation of organic matter is complete(e.g.,degradation of straw in rice paddies),then fermentation eventually results in production of acetate and H2 at a ratio of>67%aceticlastic and<33%hydrogenotrophic methanogensis.However,acetate production can be favored when heterotrophic or chemolithotrophic acetogenesis is enhanced,and H2 production can be favored when syntrophic acetate oxidation is enhanced.This typically occurs at low and elevated temperatures,respectively.Thus,temperature can strongly influence the methanogenic pathway,which may range from 100%aceticlastic methanogenesis at low temperatures to 100%hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at high temperatures.However,if the degradation of organic matter is not complete(e.g.,degradation of soil organic matter),the stoichiometry of fermentation is not tightly constrained,resulting,for example,in the preferential production of H2,followed by hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.Preferential production of CH4 by either aceticlastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis can also happen if one of the methanogenic substrates is not consumed by methanogens but is,instead,accumulated,volatilized,or utilized otherwise.Methylotrophic methanogens,which can use methanol as a substrate,are widespread,but it is unlikely that methanol is produced in similar quantities as acetate,CO2,and H2.Methylotrophic methanogenesis is important in saline environments,where compatible solutes are degraded to methyl compounds(trimethyl amine and dimethyl sulfide)and then serve as non-competitive substrates,while acetate and hydrogen are degraded by non-methanogenic processes,e.g.,sulfate reduction.     

Combined application of a straw layer and flue gas desulphurization gypsum to reduce soil salinity and alkalinity

Burying a straw layer and applying flue gas desulphurization(FGD)gypsum are effective practices to ameliorate soil salinization or alkalization and to increase crop yield;however,little information exists on the effects of such integration in saline-alkali soils.A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum on soil salinity and alkalinity.We placed a straw layer(5 cm thick)at a depth of 30 cm and mixed FGD gypsum into the 0–20 cm soil layer at application rates of 7.5,15.0,22.5,and 30.0 t ha^-1,with no straw layer and FGD gypsum as a control(CK).The soil water content in the 0–30 cm soil layer was significantly higher(>7.8%)in the treated soil profiles after infiltration than in the CK,but decreased after evaporation.The electrical conductivity(EC)of the 10–30 cm soil layer was 230.2%and 104.9%higher in the treated soil profiles than in the CK after infiltration and evaporation,respectively,and increased with increasing rates of FGD gypsum application,with Ca^2+and SO4^2-being the main dissolved salts.Compared to those in the CK,the concentrations of Na^+,Cl^-,and HCO3-decreased in the treated soil profiles at depths above 55 cm,but the other soluble ions increased,after infiltration.A similar trend occurred after evaporation for all soluble ions except for HCO3-.The p H and exchangeable sodium percentage in the treated soil profiles were significantly lower than those in the CK over the entire profile,and decreased with increasing FGD gypsum application rates.Therefore,the incorporation of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum can reduce salinity and alkalinity,but the quantity of FGD gypsum should be controlled in saline-alkali soils.     

Optimizing the use of open chambers to measure ammonia volatilization in field plots amended with urea

Measuring ammonia(NH₃)volatilization from urea-fertilized soils is crucial for evaluation of practices that reduce gaseous nitrogen(N)losses in agriculture.The small area of chambers used for NH₃volatilization measurements compared with the size of field plots may cause significant errors if inadequate sampling strategies are adopted.Our aims were:i)to investigate the effect of using multiple open chambers on the variability in the measurement of NH₃volatilization in urea-amended field plots and ii)to define the critical period of NH₃-N losses during which the concentration of sampling effort is capable of reducing uncertainty.The use of only one chamber covering 0.015%of the plot(51.84 m²)generates a value of NH₃-N loss within an expected margin of error of 30%around the true mean.To reduce the error margin by half(15%),3–7 chambers were required with a mean of 5 chambers per plot.Concentrating the sampling efforts in the first two weeks after urea application,which is usually the most critical period of N losses and associated errors,represents an efficient strategy to lessen uncertainty in the measurements of NH₃volatilization.This strategy enhances the power of detection of NH₃-N loss abatement in field experiments using chambers.     

Distribution of 137Cs and 60Co in plough layer of farmland: Evidenced from a lysimeter experiment using undisturbed soil columns

Radionuclide fallout during nuclear accidents on the land may impair the atmosphere, contaminate farmland soils and crops, and can even reach the groundwater. Previous research focused on the field distribution of deposited radionuclides in farmland soils, but details of the amounts of radionuclides in the plough layer and the changes in their proportional distribution in the soil profile with time are still inadequate. In this study, a lysimeter experiment was conducted to determine the vertical migration of 137Cs and 60Co in brown and aeolian sandy soils, collected from the farmlands adjoining Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) in eastern China, and to identify the factors influencing their migration depths in soil. At the end of the experiment(800 d), >96% of added 137Cs and 60Co were retained in the top 0–20 cm soil layer of both soils;very little 137Cs or 60Co initially migrated to 20–30 cm, but their amounts at this depth increased with time. The migration depth of 137Cs was greater in the aeolian sandy soil than in the brown soil during 0–577 d, but at the end of the experiment, 137Cs migrated to the same depth(25 cm) in both soils. Three phases on the vertical migration rate(v) of 60Co in the aeolian sandy soil can be identified: an initial rapid movement(0–355 d, v = 219 ± 17 mm year-1), followed by a steady movement(355–577 d, v = 150 ± 24 mm year-1) and a very slow movement(577–800 d, v = 107 ± 7 mm year-1). In contrast, its migration rate in the brown soil(v = 133 ± 17 mm year-1) was steady throughout the 800-d experimental period. The migration of both 137Cs and 60Co in the two soils appears to be regulated by soil clay and silt fractions that provide most of the soil surface area, soil organic carbon(SOC), and soil pH, which were manifested by the solid-liquid distribution coefficient of 137Cs and 60Co. The results of this study suggest that most 137Cs and 60Co remained within the top layer(0–20 cm depth) of farmland soils following a simulated NPP accident, and little reached the subsurface(20–30 cm depth). Fixation of radionuclides onto clay minerals may limit their migration in soil, but some could be laterally distributed by soil erosion and taken up by crops, and migrate into groundwater in a high water table level area after several decades.Remediation measures, therefore, should focus on reducing their impact on the farmland soils, crops, and water.     

青花菜品种在南亚热带地区的适宜性研究

青花菜又称绿叶菜,原产于地中海沿岸,其特点是营养价值高,含有多种矿物质等营养,位居同类蔬菜之首。由于青花菜生育期短,耐寒性强,主要产区在北方,在南方只有冷凉地区有少量栽培,而贵州属典型的南亚热气候类型,特别是在罗甸地区,秋季作物收获后,冬季只种植一些白菜类蔬菜。而营养价值高的青花菜,     

液氮充注式果蔬气调保鲜运输箱能耗模型建立与验证

为掌握液氮充注式果蔬气调保鲜运输箱能耗规律,该文分析了运输箱的传热传质过程及其能耗构成,在分别研究了气调过程、制冷过程和加湿过程的基础之上建立了液氮充注式果蔬气调保鲜运输箱能耗模型,并对所建能耗模型进行了试验验证。研究结果表明,液氮充注式果蔬气调保鲜运输箱能耗主要由气调能耗、制冷能耗和加湿能耗构成;根据能耗模型所得的理论能耗与试验能耗基本一致,平均相对误差为11.86%±4.29%;根据能耗模型所得的理论液氮消耗量与试验液氮消耗量基本一致,平均相对误差为11.60%±3.51%;液氮充注气调过程消耗较少能耗即可产生较大的附加制冷总量,并且气调附加制冷总量与箱体气调体积有关,在该验证试验中理论液氮充注气调附加制冷总量所占理论制冷总量的比例达22%左右。该研究为液氮充注式果蔬气调保鲜运输装备优化以及果蔬保鲜运输节能提供参考。     

荔枝果实采后商品化处理和贮藏技术

荔枝是我国南方著名的主要亚热带果树，但其果实成熟于高温季节，采后由于果皮褐变(即失去红色)和果实腐烂而使果实迅速劣变，常温下的采后寿命少于3 d，这种短的采后寿命严格限制荔枝的长距离贮运、销售和消费。因此，荔枝采后技术研究成为荔枝生产的关键问题。该文全面地介绍了荔枝果实采后腐烂和损失的原因（即荔枝果实的结构特性、生理和病理原因），荔枝果实采后商品化处理和贮藏技术，包括不同品种的耐贮运性、采收成熟度和采收方法、选别和分级、杀菌剂浸泡、减少失水处理、减少果皮褐变和保持果实红色处理（如熏硫处理、酸浸或塑料包装）、检疫杀虫处理、预冷、包装、贮藏（常温贮藏、低温贮藏、气调贮藏、自发气调贮藏）、运输和销售。     

气调保鲜运输车变频通风系统调控与能耗分析

为解决果蔬气调保鲜运输过程中通风系统能耗高、果蔬干耗损失大等问题,该文建立了保鲜运输变频通风试验平台。通过改变风机频率,研究厢体内不同通风量对液氮充注气调、制冷、超声波加湿和换气等装置的工作性能调节特性,基于满足果蔬保鲜要求和能量消耗低的原则,优化了液氮充注气调、制冷、超声波加湿和换气等装置工作的风机频率。设计了气调保鲜运输变频通风系统,并通过试验与定频通风系统进行了能耗对比,试验结果表明：变频通风系统能够满足果蔬保鲜要求,且总能耗比定频通风系统节约15.2%,风机能耗比定频通风系统的风机能耗低81.8%。气调保鲜运输变频通风系统的设计,对提升果蔬气调保鲜运输技术水平具有一定的参考价值。     

荔枝树枝能量传递特性与去梗式振动采摘作业参数

为评价荔枝去梗式振动采摘效果,开展了树枝能量传递特性研究,利用一种动-定梳排组合式采摘机构进行了荔枝采摘试验与品质对比分析。研究结果表明,激振点在靠近外侧树冠位置的分支时,传递到末端枝条的振动能量衰减少,动-定梳排组合采摘方式通过激励相对固定的挂果枝条可有效利用振动能量。综合加权评分法确定的采摘机构的最佳作业参数条件：梳排振动频率为26.67 Hz,定梳排间距为20 mm,动梳排摆动角度为40?,试验测定的生产率为4.1 kg/min,破损率为5.05%。振动采摘和人工采摘2种采摘方式的荔枝色差值、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量在8 d的贮藏期内无显著性差异,即振动采摘未对荔枝果实品质产生不良影响。该研究可为荔枝采收机械的设计与优化提供参考。     

荔枝鲜果挤压力学特性

为减小荔枝在收获、储运过程中的机械损伤,给荔枝作业装备设计提供依据,试验测定了荔枝鲜果的几何特征,对其果实进行了不同加载条件的挤压试验,并对其果壳进行了拉伸试验。试验得到妃子笑、桂味2种荔枝鲜果在5种加载速率和2种压缩方向下的破裂力分别为76.46～112.90?N和38.67～53.83?N、破裂相对变形分别为27.93%～32.57%和18.87%～21.27%、弹性模量分别为2.52～4.69×105?Pa和4.26～5.93×105?Pa。试验表明,荔枝果实的抗挤压能力具有各向异性,其纵向大于横向;妃子笑的各向异性比桂味显著,且抗挤压能力大于桂味;试验范围内加载速率对果实的抗挤压能力影响不显著。荔枝果实可简化为果核呈长椭球体、厚度均匀薄壳球体,利用其简化结构及果壳强度各向异性对其挤压力学特性和裂壳特征的力学原理进行了分析。研究结果可为荔枝收获、加工和运输等提供理论依据。     

模拟物流运输条件下不同内包装对甜樱桃品质的影响

甜樱桃果实上市集中且不耐贮运,为延长甜樱桃的货架期和储运时间,以新型材料—纳米包装箱为外包装,观察了不同内包装对模拟物流运输条件下甜樱桃对机械损伤的抗性。结果表明,72 h的运储对各处理甜樱桃的可溶性固形物无影响,纳米箱+内包装PE保鲜膜处理在36 h的运储期果实无腐烂,果梗干枯指数比对照纳米箱无内包装处理低74.39%,可有效抗机械损伤且保鲜效果好。长距离运输时(72 h)纳米箱+内包装果实套袋处理抗机械损伤效果最好,其腐烂率为对照纳米箱无内包装处理的55.80%,但纳米箱+内包装果实套袋处理在装箱时应注意剔除腐烂果及裂果。     

基于Retinex图像增强的不同光照条件下的成熟荔枝识别

为了满足自然环境下荔枝采摘机器人视觉定位系统的有效性和实时性的要求,针对不同光照条件的荔枝彩色图像,采用基于双边滤波的Retinex图像增强算法凸显图像中的荔枝果实和果梗,对增强处理后的图像在HSI颜色空间中进行H分量旋转的处理,再对旋转处理后的H分量进行Otsu自动阈值分割去除荔枝图像果实和果梗外的复杂背景;然后通过将双三次插值算法和传统的模糊C均值（FuzzyC-Mean）算法融合,对去背景后的荔枝图像在YCbCr颜色空间中进行Cr分量模糊聚类分割,实现荔枝果实和果梗的识别。荔枝图像的分割试验结果表明：该算法对晴天顺光、逆光、遮阴、阴天顺光等光照条件的荔枝图像能够有效地分割,对阴天弱光照、果实被遮阴条件下的荔枝也能较好的识别,并保持荔枝果实和果梗区域的完整性,4种光照条件荔枝图像分割正确率分别为96%、90%、89.3%和88.9%,成熟荔枝识别的正确率达到了90.9%,该研究为水果采摘机器人的室外作业的实时性和有效性提供指导。     

广西和福建荔枝园土壤农药残留现状研究

荔枝收获完毕后在广西壮族自治区及福建省荔枝主产区采集210 个荔枝园土壤样本, 检测了甲霜灵、代森锰锌、多菌灵、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、敌百虫、乐果和敌敌畏等9 种荔枝常用农药的含量。结果显示, 多菌灵是广西和福建荔枝园土壤最常检出的农药, 检出率分别为48.1%和84.0%。广西荔枝产区土壤代森锰锌、敌百虫和乐果均未检出, 其他5 种农药检出率均低于10%。福建荔枝产区甲霜灵和氯氰菊酯检出率均为24.0%, 其他6 种农药均未检出。广西荔枝产区土壤未检出或只检出1 种农药荔枝园分别占采样荔枝园的48.6%和38.4%, 福建荔枝产区分别占56.0%和8.0%; 检出2 种农药的广西荔枝园占11.4%,福建占32.0%。广西荔枝园土壤平均含量最高的农药为氯氰菊酯(5.0 μg·kg^-1), 敌敌畏次之(1.9 μg·kg^-1), 其他4 种检出农药不超过1.0 μg·kg^-1。福建荔枝园土壤平均含量为多菌灵(0.77 μg·kg^-1)>甲霜灵(0.65 μg·kg^-1)>氯氰菊酯(0.48μg·kg^-1)。虽然福建荔枝园土壤农药残留比广西普遍, 但两地荔枝园土壤农药残留仍属轻微。     

荔枝年度枝梢和花果发育养分需求特性

【目的】荔枝（Litchi chinensis Sonn.）通常在夏季采果后进行修剪,抽生秋梢作为翌年结果母枝。生产中常有见花后或见果后才施肥现象,不重视对结果母枝的培育,对荔枝的成花和座果可能产生不良影响。本文研究荔枝采果修剪后新梢抽生、花穗萌发及果实膨大成熟年生长周期间树体吸收累积养分特性,为荔枝年度枝梢和花果发育的养分管理提供科学依据。【方法】妃子笑是我国最广泛种植的荔枝品种,通常在采后抽生2~3次秋梢,以末次梢为结果母枝。本文在妃子笑末次梢老熟期、初花期及果实成熟期分别收获三株妃子笑抽生的三次秋梢、秋梢+花穗、秋梢+果实,测定植株各种养分含量,研究妃子笑年度枝梢和花果发育养分需求量及养分转移特点。【结果】妃子笑末次梢生物量及各种养分（Ca例外）累积量均约为前两次梢之和。为获得（55.27.8）kg/tree的产量,每株妃子笑需抽生秋梢（39.782.60）kg,秋梢累积养分量为N（259.528.4）g、P（28.32.6）g、K（186.519.6）g、Ca（41.69.2）g、Mg（36.14.7）g、S（12.436.1）g、Zn（316.853.4）mg、B（201.129.0）mg和Mo（1.40.3）mg。妃子笑花穗累积的N、P、K、Mg、S、Mo养分全部来自于末次梢,67.5%的Zn和20.2%的B也来自末次梢。但是,末次梢吸收Ca能力弱,而且向花穗及果实转移Ca能力低。妃子笑秋梢与花穗N、P、K、Ca、Mg养分累积比例在1:0.11~0.12:0.72~0.75:0.16~0.44:0.13~0.14之间,在果实比例为1:0.13:1.06:0.16:0.12。【结论】荔枝在末次梢老熟至开花初期,树体除继续累积Ca、Zn、B外,基本不吸收其他养分。果实累积的N、K、Ca、Zn、S养分基本全部来自果实膨大期树体的吸收,而P、Mg、B、Mo则部分来自于第一和第二梢的养分转移。故健壮秋梢是荔枝成花的关键,也是获得高产的物质基础,应避免见花施肥或见果施肥。秋梢及花穗发育期以施用氮肥为主,果实发育期以施用钾肥为主。     

不同贮藏温度下荔枝呼吸速率模型的对比与验证

为了准确预测荔枝的呼吸速率,该文以\