| 亚种间杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜元华,张洪程,韦还和,赵可,许俊伟,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,郭保卫. 亚种间杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(12): 2313-2325. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.12.004 |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜元华 张洪程 韦还和 赵可 许俊伟 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 郭保卫 |
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| 作者单位： | 扬州大学农学院/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州225009 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技部重大科技支撑专项国家粮食科技工程(2011BAD16B03);农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2012]397) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】旨在明确稻麦两熟制地区超高产栽培条件下甬优系列籼粳杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理。【方法】2011-2012年，在长江下游稻麦两熟制地区（江苏常熟、扬州）选用甬优系列冠叶适中型组合A26/F9250、A16/F9250、甬优12、甬优13与冠叶过长型组合A43/F8585、A41/F8585、甬优15、甬优11为试验材料，在超高产栽培条件下，系统研究了二者产量构成因素特征、茎鞘物质积累与转运机制、叶片光合特性和强、弱势粒灌浆特性等方面的差异。【结果】（1）两年、两点的试验均表明，籼粳亚种间杂交稻冠叶适中型产量明显高于冠叶过长型组合，2011年常熟、2011年扬州、2012年常熟和2012年扬州冠叶适中型组合实际产量分别达11.62、11.98、12.51、和12.30 t•hm-2，较冠叶过长型组合分别增产8.85%、9.75%、9.60%和10.26%。与冠叶过长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合有效穗数略多，每穗粒数明显多，群体颖花量大、饱粒千粒重小，最大库容重与冠叶过长型组合相当，但籽粒充实度明显高，说明冠叶适中型组合较冠叶过长型组合增产的主要原因为籽粒充实度的提高。（2）冠叶适中型组合抽穗期单茎茎鞘重、乳熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至成熟期的茎鞘表观输出量、表观输出率和表观转运率低于冠叶过长型组合，但成熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至乳熟期的最大输出量、最大输出率、最大转运率均高于冠叶过长型组合。说明冠叶适中型组合在结实期具有合理的茎鞘物质转运机制。（3）与冠叶特长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合叶面积指数抽穗期稍低，乳熟期相当，成熟期明显高；净光合速率在抽穗期和乳熟期相当，在成熟期明显高；光合势在抽穗期至乳熟期相当，乳熟至成熟期明显高；叶面积衰减率和净光合速率衰减率在抽穗至乳熟期以及乳熟至成熟期均明显高。说明冠叶适中型组合结实后期光合生产具有优势。（4）与冠叶过长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合强势粒起始生长势（R0）高、达到相对最大灌浆速率的时间（Tmax）推迟、活跃灌浆期（D）和有效灌浆时间（T99）延长，相对最大灌浆速率（RGRmax）和相对平均灌浆速率（RGRmean）略低，终极充实度（A）高；冠叶适中型组合弱势粒R0低，Tmax推迟，D和T99延长，RGRmax和RGRmean略高，A也明显高。【结论】在稻麦两熟制稻区超高产栽培条件下，甬优系列冠叶适中型组合具有明显的产量优势；结实期合理的茎鞘物质转运机制、较强的光合生产性能和平缓持久的灌浆特性是该类组合产量优势形成的主要生理基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 亚种间杂交稻 冠叶适中型 冠叶过长型 产量 机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-09-18 |
Difference of Yield and Its Formation Mechanism of Indica-Japanica Inter-Subspecific Hybrid Rice with Different Canopy Leaf Types |
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| JIANG Yuan-Hua,ZHANG Hong-Cheng,WEI Hai-He,ZHAO Ke,XU Jun-Wei,DAI Qi-Gen,HUO Zhong-Yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GUO Bao-Wei. Difference of Yield and Its Formation Mechanism of Indica-Japanica Inter-Subspecific Hybrid Rice with Different Canopy Leaf Types[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(12): 2313-2325. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.12.004 |
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| Authors: | JIANG Yuan-Hua ZHANG Hong-Cheng WEI Hai-He ZHAO Ke XU Jun-Wei DAI Qi-Gen HUO Zhong-Yang XU Ke WEI Hai-Yan GUO Bao-Wei |
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| Affiliation: | College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University/Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】The objective of this study was to reveal the difference of grain yield and its formation mechanism between clown leaf moderate type(CLMT) and clown leaf long type(CLLT) of Yongyou series of indica-japonica-hybrid-rice under the super high yield cultivation conditions. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted with CLMT combination such as A26/F9250, A16/F9250, Yongyou 12, Yongyou 13 and CLLT combination such as A43/F8585, A41/ F8585, Yongyou 15, Yongyou 11 as materials in rice-wheat cropping areas (Yangzhou, Changshu of Jiangsu) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2011-2012. Difference in grain yield, the sink structure, stem and sheath material accumulation and transfer, photosynthetic characteristics and superior and inferior grain-filling characteristics between CLMT and CLLT of indica-japonica hybrid rice were analyzed systematically. 【Result】 Under the super high yield cultivation conditions, the grain yield of CLMT was significantly higher than that of CLLT, the yields of CLMT were 11.62 t•hm-2(Changshu, 2011), 11.98 t•hm-2(Yangzhou, 2011), 12.51 t•hm-2(Changshu, 2011), and 12.30 t•hm-2(Yangzhou, 2011), and were 8.85%, 9.75%, 9.60%, and 10.26% higher than those of CLLT, respectively. Effective panicles, effective spikelets per panicle, total spikelets of the CLMT were higher than those of CLLT. Total sink weight of CLMT was equal with CLLT, while 1000- grain weight, filling index of the CLMT were lower than those of CLLT. It was indicated that the increasement of filling index was the key point of higher yield of CLMT. Stem and sheath weight at heading and milky stages, stem and sheath apparent output, apparent output rate, apparent transfer rate from heading to maturity of CLMT were lower than that of CLLT, but stem and sheath weight in maturity, the maximum output, the maximum output rate, maximum transport rate from heading to milk stage of CLMT was higher than those of CLLT. It was found that translocation mechanism of stem and sheath of CLMT was more reasonable than those of CLLT. Leaf area index of CLMT was lower than that of CLLT at heading stage, and equal to that of CLLT at milk stage, and higher than that of CLLT at maturity . Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of CLMT was equal to that of CLLT at heading and milk stages, and was higher than that of CLLT at maturity stage. Leaf area duration of CLMT was equal to that of CLLT from heading stage to milk stage and was higher than that of CLLT from milky stage to maturity stage. The decreasing rate of leaf area and photosynthetic rate of CLMT were lower than those of CLLT both from heading to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity. It was indicated that CLMT had photosynthetic production advantages during the late solid phase. For superior grain, initial growth power (Ro), time of the relative maximum grain filling rate (Tmax), active grain filling period (D) and effective filling time (T99) of CLMT were higher or longer than those of CLLT, while the relative maximum grain filling rate (RGRmax), the relative average grain filling rate (RGRmean) in superior grain of CLMT were lower slightly than those of CLLT. For inferior grain, RO of CLMT was lower than that of CLLT, while Tmax, D, T99, RGRmax, RGRmean of CLMT were longer or higher than those of CLLT. Both for superior grain and for inferior grain, the grain filling rate of CLMT was higher than those of CLLT. 【Conclusion】Under the mechanized and simplified super high cultivation conditions, there was no big difference in total sink weight between CLMT and CLLT, but matter translocation of stem and sheath at early grain filling stage, photosynthetic characteristics at later grain filling stage of CLMT were higher than that of CLLT, therefore，the grain filling rate and yield of CLMT were higher than that of CLLT. Reasonable stem sheath matter transport mechanism, strong photosynthetic production performance and gentle lasting filling characteristics were the mainly physiological basis of the formation of the yield advantage. |
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| Keywords: | intersubspecific hybrid rice crown leaf moderate crown leaf long type yield formation mechanism |
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