| 磷酸二铵对单混种植条件下超高产大豆养分吸收和利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 马兆惠,车仁君,王海英,张惠君,谢甫绨. 磷酸二铵对单混种植条件下超高产大豆养分吸收和利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(23): 4606-4617. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.23.006 |
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| 作者姓名： | 马兆惠 车仁君 王海英 张惠君 谢甫绨 |
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| 作者单位： | 沈阳农业大学农学院，沈阳110866 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(31071355,31171570);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2011BAD35B06-2);辽宁省科技厅攻关项目(2011201020) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究不同磷酸二铵施肥水平和单混种植处理对超高产品种辽豆14、中黄35和普通品种辽豆11植株氮、磷、钾养分含量和吸收规律的影响，比较磷酸二铵施肥量对单播和混播种植条件下大豆超高产品种和普通品种的养分吸收与利用规律。【方法】于2012和2013年在盆栽条件下，采用随机区组试验设计，苗期施入磷酸二铵，施肥量设3个水平，分别为：0 mg·kg-1干土；100 mg·kg-1干土；200 mg·kg-1干土。2个种植类型，分别为单一种植方式：各品种单播；混合种植方式：同一盆中各品种按1﹕1种植。在大豆的开花期（R2）、鼓粒中期（R6）和生理成熟期（R8）取有代表性的植株5株，按器官分开后，在105℃下杀青30 min，80℃下烘干至恒重，测定干物质重量。留小样粉碎后，用浓H2SO4-H2O2法消煮，消煮液中的氮用凯氏定氮仪（KN520）测定，磷用钼锑抗比色法测定（UV-2450），钾用火焰光度计（PEAA800）测定。【结果】品种间和种植方式间大豆植株体内的氮、磷、钾养分吸收和利用存在显著差异。开花期至成熟期超高产大豆积累更多的氮、磷、钾，并具有较高的养分利用效率和氮、磷收获指数。施肥量的增加均使超高产品种和普通品种植株养分百分含量增加，且超高产品种增幅较大。200 mg·kg-1施肥水平下，开花期超高产品种的茎秆和叶片的氮素百分含量增幅较普通品种高出66.9%和30.5%，磷素百分含量差异幅度达28.1%。鼓粒期，超高产品种和普通品种间荚皮、籽粒的磷素百分含量差异随施肥水平的增长而增加。成熟期，品种间钾素百分含量差异幅度在高肥水平下达到18.6%。在混播和施肥处理下超高产大豆的养分吸收和利用能力显著高于普通品种。随着施肥水平的提高，混播时超高产品种和普通品种的氮素利用效率下降，磷、钾收获指数均增加。混播使得超高产品种与普通品种的养分利用效率、养分收获指数的差异性增大，在中肥（100 mg·kg-1干土）和高肥（200 mg·kg-1干土）水平下差幅更明显。中肥和高肥水平下，混播时超高产品种的氮、磷利用效率分别比普通品种高出13.6%、14.2%和2.1%、10.4%；品种间钾素利用效率差异由单播时的4.9%增至10.8%。【结论】施肥会增强超高产大豆对氮、磷、钾的吸收和转运能力。不同品种间竞争时，超高产品种在施肥量充足的条件下具有更强的养分吸收和利用效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 大豆 养分含量 养分利用 单播 混播 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-01-06 |
Effect of Diammonium Phosphate Levels and Planting Pattern on Nutrient Uptake in Super-High-Yield Soybean Cultivars |
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| MA Zhao-hui,CHE Ren-jun,WANG Hai-ying,ZHANG Hui-jun,XIE Fu-ti. Effect of Diammonium Phosphate Levels and Planting Pattern on Nutrient Uptake in Super-High-Yield Soybean Cultivars[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(23): 4606-4617. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.23.006 |
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| Authors: | MA Zhao-hui CHE Ren-jun WANG Hai-ying ZHANG Hui-jun XIE Fu-ti |
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| Affiliation: | Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Nutrient uptake of soybean is closely related to the yield, while the response of soybean cultivars to nutrient is not the same. A pot experiment was conducted to find out the nutrient uptakes of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) of super-high-yield soybean cultivars and the common cultivar under the treatments of different fertilizer rates and planting patterns.【Method】Two super-high-yield soybean cultivars Liaodou 14, Zhonghuang 35, and one common cultivar Liaodou 11 were used in the pot experiment to investigate the effects of different diammonium phosphate(DAP) levels and planting patterns on soybean N, P, K accumulation and distribution in 2012 and 2013. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block experiment design with five replications. DAP was applied at seedling stage. The treatments consisted of three levels of DAP (0, 100 and 200 mg·kg-1 dry soil) and two planting patterns (single seeding and mixed seeding). At the stages of R2, R6 and R8, five plants were selected randomly for measurements. Seeds and aboveground vegetative samples were collected from all the treatments. The plant samples were dried in the oven at 105℃ for 30 min and 80℃ at least for 72 h to achieve constant weight. The plant samples were weighed, grounded and digested with H2SO4-H2O2 acid mixture method. Nitrogen content was estimated by Kjeldah(KN520) method. Phosphorus and potassium were determinated by molybdenum stibium anti(UV-2450) and flame photometer (PEAA800), respectively. N, P, K accumulation was calculated by multiplying dry mass with N, P, K percentage contents. The nutrient use efficiency was calculated as grain yield divided by the nutrient amounts of grains. The nutrient harvest index was calculated by dividing the accumulative nutrient amounts of grains with total nutrient amounts produced by the plants. 【Result】The results showed that the uptake, transportation and distribution of N, P, K varied with different cultivars and planting patterns. Super-high-yield cultivars accumulated more nutrients and had a higher nutrient utilization efficiency as well as N, P harvest index than those of common cultivar. The accumulative amounts of N, P, K showed an increased tendency with the increment of DAP levels, especially in the super-high-yield soybean cultivar. N contents increasing range of stem and leaf of super-high-yield cultivar were 66.9% and 30.5% higher than those of common cultivar, respectively, at flowering stage under 200 mg·kg-1 fertilization level, and the difference range of P contents reached 28.1%. At seed filling stage, the P contents difference of pod wall and seed was increased with fertilization level enhanced, and that the difference range of K contents between varieties reached 18.6% at maturity stage under high fertilization level. The capacity of nutrient uptake and its use efficiency of super-high-yield soybean cultivars were significantly higher than those of common cultivar in fertilization and mixed seeding treatments. N utilization efficiency of super-high-yield cultivar and common cultivar were declined, while P, K harvest index increased in mixed seeding treatment with fertilization level enhanced. Mixed seeding treatment increased the difference of nutrient utilization efficiency and nutrient harvest index between super-high-yield cultivar and common cultivar, which was more obvious at medium (100 mg·kg-1) and high (200 mg·kg-1) fertilization levels. N utilization efficiency and P utilization efficiency of super-high-yield cultivar were 13.6% and 14.2%, 2.1% and 10.4% higher than those of common cultivar, respectively, in mixed seeding treatment at medium and high fertilization levels. In addition, the difference range of P utilization efficiency between varieties was increased from 4.9% to 10.8% in mixed seeding treatment. 【Conclusion】In the case of existing interspecies competition between super-high-yield cultivar and common cultivar, the former had a stronger capacity of nutrient uptake and higher transferring efficiency of nutrients under abundant fertilizing amount. |
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| Keywords: | soybean nutrient accumulation nutrient utilization single seeding mix seeding |
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