| 青藏高原青稞育成品种的亲缘系数分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李健,丰先红,蔡一林. 青藏高原青稞育成品种的亲缘系数分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(16): 2758-2767. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.002 |
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| 作者姓名： | 李健 丰先红 蔡一林 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆 4007152 甘孜藏族自治州农业科学研究所,四川康定 626000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-05-B);甘孜州应用技术研究与开发(（2013）111) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】分析青藏高原青稞育成品种的遗传多样性,评估其遗传基础,探索拓宽其遗传基础的对策,推动青稞新品种选育工作。【方法】以1950s后,影响力高、推广面积大的105个藏区青稞育成品种和3个引进品种为研究对象,采用亲缘系数分析法分析参试品种的遗传基础,进而以亲缘系数为基础,采用兰氏距离、类平均法对参试品种进行聚类分析;采用累积直系亲缘系数,筛选藏区主要骨干亲本。【结果】18.01%的品种组合间存在亲缘关系,各组合亲缘系数的变异范围为0.000—0.750,组合平均亲缘系数为0.053,显著高于中国大麦主栽品种以及北美大麦品种。根据参试品种的育成时间,以十年为期,将参试品种划分为7个时期,1970s和1980s 2个时期,参试育成品种的组合平均亲缘系数较高,分别达到0.115和0.107;1990s和最近十年,参试育成品种的组合平均亲缘系数较低,分别为0.040和0.032。西藏自治区、青海省、四川省、甘肃省的参试育成品种数分别为48、27、17和12个;甘肃省的参试育成品种组合平均亲缘系数最高,达到0.220,西藏自治区、青海省、四川省的参试育成品种组合平均亲缘系数较为接近,分别为0.094、0.122和0.138。聚类分析的结果显示,参试品种聚为7类,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群共包含25个参试品种,各类群的组合平均亲缘系数较低;其他5个类群共包含83个参试品种,各类群的组合平均亲缘系数较高。40个参试品种的累积直系亲缘系数大于0,其中9个育成品种是藏区青稞的重要骨干亲本,其衍生了67个参试品种。9个骨干亲本及其67个衍生种占参试育成品种总量的72.38%。1960s,骨干亲本及其衍生种的数量占该时期参试品种总量的41.76%,之后的4个时期,骨干亲本及其衍生种的数量占各时期参试育成品种总量的比例分别达到80.00%、80.77%、76.47%和72.22%;最近十年,该指标虽有所下降,但仍然高达68.75%。对于西藏自治区、青海省、四川省和甘肃省,骨干亲本及其衍生品种数占各地区参试育成品种总量的比例分别达到79.17%、62.96%、70.59%和75.00%。参试育成品种所使用的亲本合计118个,其中本地亲本97个,占比82.20%,外引亲本15个,占比12.71%;剩余6个亲本的来源信息缺失。【结论】藏区青稞的9个骨干亲本及其67个衍生品种构成了育成品种的主体,外引大麦种质利用率低,从而导致青藏高原青稞育成品种的遗传多样性较低,遗传基础相对狭窄、脆弱。
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| 关 键 词： | 青藏高原 青稞 育成品种 亲缘系数 遗传多样性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-04-03 |
Coefficient of Parentage Analysis Among Naked Barley Varieties in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
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| LI Jian,FENG XianHong,CAI YiLin. Coefficient of Parentage Analysis Among Naked Barley Varieties in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(16): 2758-2767. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.002 |
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| Authors: | LI Jian FENG XianHong CAI YiLin |
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| Affiliation: | 1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 4007152 Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Institute of Agricultural Science, Kangding 626000, Sichuan |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The present analysis of genetic diversity of bred naked barley varieties of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was conducted to evaluate their genetic diversity, to explore measures to broaden the genetic basis, and to promote the breeding of naked barley varieties. 【Method】 In total, 105 bred naked barley varieties grown commonly and broadly across Qinghai-Tibet plateau, which has been surveyed since 1950, and 3 introduced varieties were selected as study materials. The genetic diversity of the investigated varieties was estimated by coefficient of parentage (COP), and then based on these COP values, a clustering analysis was conducted using Lance and Williams distance and UPGMA. Ultimately, the core parents in Qinghai-Tibet plateau were determined by examining the cumulative direct coefficient of parentage (CD-COP). 【Result】Overall, 18.01% of variety combinations were genetically related. The COP of all combinations ranged from 0.000 to 0.750, with an average of 0.053, which was significantly higher than that of the main barley varieties of China and North American. Based on the released time, the investigated varieties were divided into seven decade-long periods since 1950. The average COP value of the combinations that was made by the investigated varieties bred in the 1970s and 1980s were higher, reaching 0.115 and 0.107, respectively, while this index was lower at the 1990s and the recent decade, reaching 0.040 and 0.032, respectively. The numbers of investigated varieties from the Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, and Gansu Province were 48, 27, 17, and 12, respectively. The average COP of the combinations made by the varieties from Gansu Province was highest, reaching 0.220, while the average COP of the combinations made by the bred varieties from Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, and Sichuan Province were similar, reaching 0.094, 0.122, and 0.138, respectively. Cluster analysis placed the investigated varieties into seven groups, of which 25 were in groups II and III, with a relatively low average COP of combinations within each group, while 83 were in the other five groups, which had higher average COP of combinations. The cumulative direct COP of 40 investigated varieties were more than 0; of these, 9 bred varieties were identified as important core parents in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, from which 67 varieties had been derived. 9 core parents and their 67 derivatives account for 72.38% of the number of investigated bred varieties. In the 1960s, the number of core parents and their derivatives accounted for 41.76% of the number of investigated varieties. For the next four decades, the proportions of core parents and their derivatives out of all investigated bred varieties in each period reached 80.00%, 80.77%, 76.47%, and 72.22%, respectively. In the last decade, the index has declined further, but still reaches 68.75%. In the Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, and Gansu Province, the proportion of core parents and their derivatives out of the number of the investigated bred varieties reached 79.17%, 62.96%, 70.59%, and 75.00%, respectively. The total number of parents used in breeding was 118, including 97 local parents (82.20%), 15 introduced parents (12.71%), and 6 parents lacking source information. 【Conclusion】9 core parents and their 67 derivatives constitute the majority of naked barley varieties. The utilization of introduced barley germplasm has been inefficient. Consequently, the genetic diversity of naked barley varieties cultivated across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is relatively lower. |
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| Keywords: | Qinghai-Tibet Plateau naked barley bred varieties coefficient of parentage genetic diversity |
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