| 不同氮利用率粳稻品种的碳氮积累与转运特征及其生理机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 任维晨,常庆霞,张亚军,朱宽宇,王志琴,杨建昌. 不同氮利用率粳稻品种的碳氮积累与转运特征及其生理机制[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2022, 36(6): 586-600. DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211203 |
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| 作者姓名： | 任维晨 常庆霞 张亚军 朱宽宇 王志琴 杨建昌 |
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| 作者单位： | 扬州大学 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏 扬州 225009 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(32071943);国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFD300800) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探明不同氮利用率水稻品种的氮素积累与转运特征及其机制。【方法】2个氮高效品种(武运粳30号和连粳7号)和2个氮低效品种(扬粳4038和宁粳1号)种植于大田，设置2个施氮量：全生育期不施氮(0N)和全生育期施氮180kg/hm2(180N)，比较分析了不同氮利用率粳稻品种干物质生产、氮素积累与转运差异及其机制。【结果】与氮低效品种相比，氮高效品种具有较高的产量、氮肥利用率、总颖花量和结实率，较高的花前干物质转运量和花后干物质积累量，分蘖至穗分化始期和抽穗至成熟期较高的净同化率和作物生长率，抽穗期较高的糖花比，灌浆期较高的籽粒库活性、籽粒中脱落酸与1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸含量的比值和茎鞘中较高的非结构性碳水化合物的转运和蔗糖合成相关酶活性以及蔗糖转运蛋白基因的表达量，抽穗后较高的氮转运、氮素吸收量，灌浆期较高的比叶氮含量、叶片中细胞分裂素含量、氮代谢酶活性以及氮素转运相关基因的表达量。【结论】氮高效品种穗分化前和抽穗后较高的物质生产效率以及灌浆期较高的碳氮转运与积累是产量和氮肥利用率协同提高的重要机制。
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| 关 键 词： | 氮素积累 氮转运 物质转运 干物质积累 产量 氮肥利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-02 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-06-17 |
Characteristics and Physiological Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Use Efficiency |
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| REN Weichen,CHANG Qingxia,ZHANG Yajun,ZHU Kuanyu,WANG Zhiqin,YANG Jianchang. Characteristics and Physiological Mechanism of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of japonica Rice Varieties Differing in Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2022, 36(6): 586-600. DOI: 10.16819/j.1001-7216.2022.211203 |
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| Authors: | REN Weichen CHANG Qingxia ZHANG Yajun ZHU Kuanyu WANG Zhiqin YANG Jianchang |
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| Affiliation: | Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of nitrogen uptake and translocation and their mechanism of the rice varieties differing in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). 【Method】 Two N-efficient varieties (NEVs: Wuyunjing 30, Lianjing 7) and two N-inefficient varieties (NIVs: Yangjing 4038, Ningjing 1) were grown in a paddy field under two N rates including 0 kg /hm2 (0N) and 180 kg /hm2 (180N), and the dry matter and N accumulation and translocation and their mechanism in these japonica rice varieties were investigated. 【Result】 The NEVs exhibited higher grain yield and NUE, more total spikelets and greater filled grain percentage in comparison with NIVs. NEVs also showed higher pre-anthesis matter translocation and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, higher crop growth rate and net assimilation rate during the stages from mid-tillering to panicle initiation and from heading to maturity, greater sugar-spikelet ratio, the ratio of abscisic acid to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid content and activities of the enzymes involved in starch synthesis in grains, more remobilization of nonstructural carbohydrates from stems and sheaths to grains during grain filling, higher activities of enzymes in sucrose synthesis and the expression level of genes related to sucrose transport. The NEVs had higher nitrogen uptake, greater nitrogen translocation amount after heading, higher contents of specific leaf N and cytokinins, higher activities of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism and the expression level of genes involved in nitrogen transport in leaves. 【Conclusion】 Higher matter production efficiency before panicle differentiation and after heading, greater carbon and nitrogen translocation and accumulation during grain filling are the important mechanisms behind the synergistic improvement in grain yield and NUE of NEVs. |
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| Keywords: | nitrogen accumulation nitrogen translocation matter translocation dry matter accumulation grain yield nitrogen use efficiency |
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