| 水稻镉安全亲本材料对镉的吸收分配特性 |
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| 引用本文： | 张路,张锡洲,李廷轩,戢林,郑陶. 水稻镉安全亲本材料对镉的吸收分配特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(1): 174-184. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.01.17 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张路 张锡洲 李廷轩 戢林 郑陶 |
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| 作者单位： | 1四川农业大学资源环境学院，成都 6111302四川农业大学城乡建设学院，四川都江堰 611830 |
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| 基金项目： | 四川省科技支撑计划，四川省教育厅项目，四川农业大学“211工程”双支计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】筛选获得水稻镉（Cd）安全亲本材料，研究水稻Cd安全亲本材料对Cd的吸收分配特性，为稻米安全生产提供优良的种质资源。【方法】以56份水稻亲本材料为研究对象，在Cd污染农田土壤上进行大田试验，以糙米Cd含量为筛选指标，通过聚类分析筛选出水稻Cd安全亲本材料，并分析其在不同生育时期对Cd的吸收及分配特性。【结果】（1）当大田土壤Cd含量为13.89 mg·kg-1时，56份水稻亲本材料地上部Cd含量和积累量在分蘖期（CV=44.05%和CV=50.21%）、孕穗期（CV=23.57%和CV=28.62%）和成熟期（CV=44.98%和CV=44.69%）材料间均存在极显著差异。糙米Cd含量的变幅为0.15―1.77 mg·kg-1，最大值与最小值相差达11.80倍，其中Cd含量最低为0.15 mg·kg-1，低于食品安全国家标准0.2 mg·kg-1。（2）以糙米Cd含量为筛选指标将供试材料划分为安全材料、普通材料和高积累材料3类，其中安全材料的糙米Cd含量平均为0.20 mg·kg-1，显著低于普通材料（0.65 mg·kg-1）和高积累材料（1.57 mg·kg-1），且谷壳中的Cd含量以及籽粒分配系数也以安全材料为最低。（3）3类材料地上部Cd含量均随着生育时期的推进显著降低，且安全材料地上部Cd含量在分蘖期、孕穗期和成熟期均显著低于普通材料和高积累材料，特别是成熟期普通材料和高积累材料较安全材料高1.35和3.39倍。（4）安全材料地上部Cd积累量在3个生育时期均显著低于普通材料和高积累材料。其中安全材料在成熟期地上部的平均Cd积累量与普通材料相差2.23倍，与高积累材料相差3.86倍，成熟期材料间差异在3个生育时期为最大。且其地上部的Cd阶段性积累量在分蘖期―孕穗期积累能力最强，孕穗期―成熟期最弱。但普通材料和高积累材料则在3个生育时期阶段性积累量差异不显著。（5）安全材料糙米中Cd含量较低，与其向籽粒中较低的Cd分配转移能力有关。安全材料糙米中Cd的分配量仅占地上部Cd积累总量的8.11%，而普通材料和高积累材料糙米Cd积累量占地上部Cd积累总量的11.60%和17.59%。【结论】通过筛选获得的安全材料D62B、IRBN95-90和GRlu 17/ai TTP//lu 17_2在大田试验中其糙米Cd含量均低于食品安全国家标准（0.20 mg·kg-1），这3份材料可作为Cd安全亲本材料，为中轻度Cd污染农田水稻生产提供Cd安全种质资源。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 Cd安全亲本材料 糙米 分配系数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-01-14 |
Cd Uptake and Distribution Characteristics of Cd Pollution-Safe Rice Materials |
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| ZHANG Lu,ZHANG Xi-zhou,LI Ting-xuan,JI Lin,ZHENG Tao. Cd Uptake and Distribution Characteristics of Cd Pollution-Safe Rice Materials[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(1): 174-184. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.01.17 |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Lu ZHANG Xi-zhou LI Ting-xuan JI Lin ZHENG Tao |
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| Affiliation: | 1 College of Resource and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 6111302 College of Urban and Rural Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan 611830, Sichuan |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 It is important to minimize the influx of cadmium (Cd) to the human food chain through consumption of agricultural products. The characteristics of the uptake and distribution of Cd in pollution-safe materials were studied to provide Cd safety rice germplasm resources. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted to investigate the differences of 56 rice parent materials in Cd uptake and distribution in polluted paddy field. According to cluster analysis, the pollution-safe materials were chosen by the Cd content of the brown rice, and Cd uptake and distribution characteristics of rice parent materials were analyzed.【Result】There were significant differences in the Cd contents and Cd accumulations at tillering stage(CV=44.05% and CV=50.21%), booting stage(CV=23.57% and CV=28.62%) and mature stage(CV=44.98% and CV=44.69%) among the 56 rice parent materials when the field soil Cd content was 13.89 mg·kg-1. Meanwhile, the Cd contents in brown rice ranged from 0.15 to 1.77 mg·kg-1 among the parent materials, the ratio of maximum and minimum value reached 11.80, and the minimum value of Cd content was lower than the National Food Safety Standard. The 56 rice parent materials were divided into pollution-safe materials, general materials and high accumulation materials depending on the Cd content of brown rice. The Cd content of brown rice of pollution-safe materials was 0.2 mg·kg-1 which was significantly lower than that of the general materials (0.65 mg·kg-1) and the high accumulation materials (1.57 mg·kg-1). Moreover, the lowest Cd contents of chaff and grain partition coefficient were also observed in pollution-safe materials. Shoot Cd contents in the three kinds of materials were significantly decreased with the growth stage prolonged. Furthermore, shoot Cd contents in the pollution-safe materials were significantly lower than that of the general materials and high accumulation materials at tillering, booting and mature stages. Especially, the Cd contents in shoot of the general materials and high accumulation materials were 1.35 and 3.39 times higher than the pollution-safe materials at mature stage. The pollution-safe materials exhibited significantly lower Cd accumulations in shoots compared to the general materials and high accumulation materials at the three growth stages. The maximum differences among the three kinds of materials were observed at maturity stage. The Cd accumulations in shoots of the general materials and high accumulation of materials were 2.23 and 3.86 times higher than that of the pollution-safe materials at mature stage. The maximum differences among the three kinds of materials were also observed at maturity stage. The greatest Cd accumulation in shoots of pollution-safe materials was observed at sowing-tillering stage. However, there were no difference among the three growth stages in the general materials and high accumulation materials. Due to the lower metastatic ability of Cd to grain, the pollution-safe materials have lower Cd content in grain. Meanwhile, the distribution ratio of Cd accumulations in grain was 8.11% of the total Cd accumulations in aboveground of the pollution-safe materials, which was lower than that of the general materials (11.60%) and high accumulation materials (17.59%).【Conclusion】Among the pollution-safe materials, the Cd contents in the brown rice of D62B, IRBN95-90 and GRlu 17/ai TTP//lu 17_2 were lower than the National Food Safety Standard (0.2 mg·kg-1). Thus, D62B, IRBN95-90 and GRlu 17/ai TTP//lu 17_2 can be considered as Cd safety rice germplasm resources for Cd-polluted farmlands. |
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| Keywords: | Cd pollution-safe materials rice brown rice partition coefficient |
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