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不同轮作模式对马铃薯干物质积累、病害发生及产量的影响
引用本文:张海斌,蒙美莲,刘坤雨,章凌翔,陈有君. 不同轮作模式对马铃薯干物质积累、病害发生及产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2019, 35(4): 170-164. DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.026
作者姓名:张海斌  蒙美莲  刘坤雨  章凌翔  陈有君
作者单位:1 内蒙古农业大学农学院,010018,内蒙古呼和浩特2 内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,010018,内蒙古呼和浩特
基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-P10)
摘    要:在内蒙古阴山北麓地区开展定点试验,对比分析不同轮作模式对马铃薯干物质积累、病害发生和产量的影响。结果表明,绿肥春翻→绿肥夏翻→马铃薯轮作模式(LcLxM)的马铃薯各器官干物质积累量、全株最大干物质积累速率、全株最大干物质积累量和产量最大,叶片、茎和块茎干物质积累量较向日葵→向日葵→马铃薯的轮作模式分别增加了22.57%、24.83%和23.42%,全株最大干物质积累速率增加28.09%,全株最大干物质积累量增加33.07%,产量增加15.46%。其次是绿肥春翻→绿肥春翻→马铃薯(LcLcM)的轮作模式较好;马铃薯几种病害病情指数和发病率以向日葵→向日葵→马铃薯的轮作模式最低,其中早疫病病情指数和植株枯萎病发病率较LcLxM轮作模式分别降低了39.99%和76.40%,块茎黑痣病和疮痂病病情指数较LcLcM的轮作模式分别降低了93.38%和87.98%。燕麦→向日葵→马铃薯轮作模式病害发生程度居中,LcLcM和LcLxM两种轮作模式的病害发生程度最高。综合分析各方面性状得出:在内蒙古阴山北麓的气候和土壤条件下,马铃薯生产中比较适宜的轮作模式是绿肥春翻→绿肥夏翻→马铃薯,其次是绿肥春翻→绿肥春翻→马铃薯。

关 键 词:轮作模式  马铃薯  干物质积累  病害发生  产量  
收稿时间:2019-01-15

Effects of Different Rotation Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation,Disease Occurrence and Yield of Potato
Zhang Haibin,Meng Meilian,Liu Kunyu,Zhang Lingxiang,Chen Youjun. Effects of Different Rotation Patterns on Dry Matter Accumulation,Disease Occurrence and Yield of Potato[J]. Crops, 2019, 35(4): 170-164. DOI: 10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2019.04.026
Authors:Zhang Haibin  Meng Meilian  Liu Kunyu  Zhang Lingxiang  Chen Youjun
Affiliation:1 Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China2 College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
Abstract:A fixed-point test was carried out in the northern foothills of Yinshan, Inner Mongolia, to compare and analyze the effects of different crop rotation patterns on dry matter accumulation, disease occurrence and yield of potato. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of the organs, the highest dry matter accumulation rate of the whole plant, the maximum dry matter accumulation amount of the whole plant and the yield were the most in the rotation mode of green manure spring turn→green manure summer turn→potato (LcLxM). The dry matter accumulation of leaves, stems and tubers of LcLxM increased by 22.57%, 24.83% and 23.42%, respectively compared with sunflower→sunflower→potato rotation mode. The highest dry matter accumulation rate of the whole plant increased by 28.09%, the maximum dry matter accumulation of the whole plant increased by 33.07%, and the yield increased by 15.46% followed by the green manure spring turn→green manure spring turn→potato treatment (LcLcM). The disease index and the incidence rate of several diseases of potato were the lowest in sunflower→sunflower→potato rotation mode, and the incidence of early blight disease index and plant blight decreased by 39.99% and 76.40%, respectively compared with LcLxM. The disease index of tuber black smut and scab disease was 93.38% and 87.98% lower than that of LcLcM, respectively. The oat→sunflower→potato rotation pattern was moderately affected. LcLcM and LcLxM had the highest disease occurrence. It was concluded: under the conditions of the climate and soil in northern foot of Yinshan, Inner Mongolia, the most suitable crop rotation mode in potato production is green manure spring turn→green manure summer turn→potato, followed by green manure spring turn→green manure spring turn→potato.
Keywords:Crop rotation pattern  Potato  Dry matter accumulation  Disease occurrence  Yield  
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