| 应用危险确认模型评估土地管理的可持续发展 |
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| 引用本文： | P. R. STEPHENS,A. E. HEWITT,G. P. SPARLING,R. G. GIBB,T. G. SHEPHERD. 应用危险确认模型评估土地管理的可持续发展[J]. 土壤圈, 2003, 13(1): 41-48 |
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| 作者姓名： | P. R. STEPHENS A. E. HEWITT G. P. SPARLING R. G. GIBB T. G. SHEPHERD |
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| 作者单位： | [1]LandcareResearch,PrivateBag11052,PalmerstonNorth,（NewZealand） [2]LandcareResearch.P.O.Box69,Lincoln（NewZealand） |
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| 基金项目： | New Zealand，the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment Sustainable Management Fund，the following Regional Councils of New Zealand: Northland |
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| 摘 要： | New Zealand is highly dependent on its soil resource for continued agricultural production.To avoid depleting this resource,there is a need to identify soils and associated land management practices where there is a risk of soil degradation.Environmental integraity and ecosystem services also need to be maintoained.Accordingly,to ensure sustainable production,The on -and off-site environmental impacts of aldn management need to be identified and managed.We developed a structural vulnerability index for New Zealand soils.This index ranks solis according to their inherent susceptibility to physical degradation when used for agricultural (pasture,forestry and cropping) Purposes.We also developed a rule-based model to assess soil sompaction vulnerability by characterising the combined effects of resistance and resilience,Other soil attributes have been approatised using seven chemical,physical and biological indicators of soil quality.These indicators have been applied in a nation -wide project involving data collection from over 500 sites for a range of land uses.These soil quality data can be interpreted via the World Wide Web -through the in teractive decisionsupport tool SINDI,The land-use impact model is a framework to assess agricultural land management and environmental sustainability,and may be applied to land units at any scale.Using land resource data and information the model explicitly identifies hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity,It utilises qualitative expert and local knowledge and quantitative model-based evaluations to assess the potential environmental impacts of land-management pratices.The model is linked to a geographic information system(GIS),allowing model outputs.such at the environmental impacts of site-specific best management practices,to be identified in a spatially explicit manner,The model has been tested in New Zealand in an area of pastoral land use.Advantages of this risk identification model include:utilising current knowledege of the causes and effects of land-management practices on soil degradation;linking land management practice to both on-and off-site environmental consequences;identifying important gaps in local knowledge,and providing spatially explicit information on the environmental impact of land-management practices.
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| 关 键 词： | 土地利用 土壤质量 持续农业 土地管理 土地规划 新西兰 土地资源 |
Assessing sustainability of land management using a risk identification model |
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| P. R. STEPHENS,A. E. HEWITT,G. P. SPARLING,R. G. GIBB and T. G. SHEPHERD. Assessing sustainability of land management using a risk identification model[J]. Pedosphere, 2003, 13(1): 41-48 |
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| Authors: | P. R. STEPHENS A. E. HEWITT G. P. SPARLING R. G. GIBB T. G. SHEPHERD |
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| Affiliation: | Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North (New Zealand);Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69, Lincoln (New Zealand);Landcare Research, Private Bag 3137, Hamilton (New Zealand);Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North (New Zealand);Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North (New Zealand) |
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| Abstract: | New Zealand is highly dependent on its soil resource for continued agricultural production. To avoiddepleting this resource, there is a need to identify soils and associated land management practices wherethere is a risk of soil degradation. Environmental integrity and ecosystem services also need to be maintained.Accordingly, to ensure sustainable production, the on- and off-site environmental impacts of land managementneed to be identified and managed. We developed a structural vulnerability index for New Zealand soils. Thisindex ranks soils according to their inherent susceptibility to physical degradation when used for agricultural(pasture, forestry and cropping) purposes. We also developed a rule-based model to assess soil compactionvulnerability by characterising the combined effects of resistance and resilience. Other soil attributes havebeen appraised using seven chemical, physical and biological indicators of soil quality. These indicators havebeen applied in a nation-wide project involving data collection from over 500 sites for a range of land uses.These soil quality data can be interpreted via the World Wide Web - through the interactive decision-support tool SINDI. The land-use impact model is a framework to assess agricultural land management andenvironmental sustainability, and may be applied to land units at any scale. Using land resource data andinformation the model explicitly identifies hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity. It utilisesqualitative expert and local knowledge and quantitative model-based evaluations to assess the potentialenvironmental impacts of land-management practices. The model is linked to a geographic informationsystem (GIS), allowing model outputs, such as the environmental impacts of site-specific best managementpractices, to be identified in a spatially explicit manner. The model has been tested in New Zealand in anarea of pastoral land use. Advantages of this risk identification model include: utilising current knowledge ofthe causes and effects of land-management practices on soil degradation; linking land management practiceto both on- and off-site environmental consequences; identifying important gaps in local knowledge; andproviding spatially explicit information on the environmental impact of land-management practices. |
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| Keywords: | land-use planning soil quality resilience resistance sustainable agriculture |
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