| 施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量和氮效率的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 裴瑞杰,袁天佑,王俊忠,胡娜,李雅男. 施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量和氮效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(11): 2189-2198. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.023 |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 裴瑞杰 袁天佑 王俊忠 胡娜 李雅男 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 科技部粮食丰产科技工程项目（2013BAD07B07）、河南省政府与中国科学院合作STS项目（KFJ-SW-STS-142） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用及经济效益的影响,为提高氮肥的增产效益,减少氮肥对生态环境的污染提供理论指导。【方法】在河南潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度下,于2014年始在河南省博爱县开展田间定位试验,共设置单施磷钾肥、常规施肥、常规施肥+腐殖酸、常规施肥减氮15%+腐殖酸、常规施肥减氮30%+腐殖酸5个处理。研究不同氮肥运筹下夏玉米植株生长状况、产量及产量构成要素、氮素吸收、累积及分配、氮肥利用效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】单施磷钾肥处理与常规施肥处理相比,茎粗、穗长、穗粗、叶面积指数分别降低4.61%、8.55%、6.20%、26.91%,秃顶长增加21.60%。常规施肥较单施磷钾肥处理穗粒数、百粒重、产量分别增加8.01%、10.85%、44.45%,籽粒氮含量及氮累积量分别降低6.67%、54.07%。另外常规施肥处理产值、纯收益、产投比较单施磷钾肥处理分别增加44.45%、59.80%、43.84%。施用氮肥可以促进夏玉米植株的生长,提高夏玉米茎粗、穗长、穗粗、叶面积指数,大幅度提高夏玉米的产量,增加各部位氮素含量及累积量,进一步提高夏玉米产值、纯收益和产投比。配施腐殖酸较常规施肥处理相比可以有效改善夏玉米的农艺性状,提高夏玉米的产量,促进植株对氮素的累积和提高氮肥的利用率。其中,以常规施肥减氮15%+腐殖酸处理效果最佳,与常规施肥相比,株高、茎粗、穗长分别增加3.73%、2.30%、0.12%,秃顶长度降低22.45%,产量增加12.88%,籽粒氮含量、籽粒氮累积量、地上部总氮累积量、收获指数分别增加2.68%、25.98%、10.70%、13.79%,氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥利用率分别增加57.46%、28.84%、22.23%、59.86%,纯收益增加8.66%。在常规施肥减氮15%的条件下配施3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐殖酸,可有效增加夏玉米的产量,提高氮肥利用效率;但减氮30%的条件下会导致夏玉米产值和收益降低。【结论】氮肥对夏玉米的生长发育具有重要的作用,不仅可以促进夏玉米的生长发育,还可提高产量、提高植株各部位氮含量及累积量,促进氮元素的吸收及分配,提高氮肥利用率。但是过量和少量施用氮肥都会引起经济效益和生态环境效益的降低。在施用腐殖酸的基础上,适宜的氮肥用量才能获得较高的产值和收益。常规施肥减氮15%+3 000 kg·hm~(-2)腐殖酸是本研究区域最佳的施肥模式,在促进夏玉米生长发育的同时,进一步提高夏玉米产量及构成要素,促进植株对氮素的吸收及利用,提高氮肥利用率,增加夏玉米产值及纯收益。对实现现代化农业生产的高产高效、资源节约和生态环境保护具有重要的意义,是值得推荐的肥料运筹方式。
|
| 关 键 词： | 腐殖酸 夏玉米 氮肥 氮肥效率 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-08-01 |
Effects of Application of Humic Acid on Yield,Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize |
| |
| PEI RuiJie,YUAN TianYou,WANG JunZhong,HU Na,LI YaNan. Effects of Application of Humic Acid on Yield,Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2189-2198. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.023 |
| |
| Authors: | PEI RuiJie YUAN TianYou WANG JunZhong HU Na LI YaNan |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1.Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang 473000, Henan;2.Henan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Zhengzhou 450002;3.GanSu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070 |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objective】The effect of humic acid on yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization and economic benefit of summer maize was studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for increasing in yield of maize benefited from nitrogen fertilizer and reducing nitrogen fertilizer pollution to the ecological environment.【Method】A field experiment was started in 2014 in Boai county, Henan province where the cropping system was winter wheat and summer maize rotation and the soil was Fluvo-aquic soil. The experiment included 5 treatments: No N fertilizer (single PK fertilizer), conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization+humic acid, conventional fertilization and nitrogen reduction 15%+humic acid, conventional fertilization and nitrogen reduction 30%+humic acid, and the effects of different nitrogen application on the growth, yield and yield components of summer maize were studied. The effects of different parts of plants on nitrogen uptake, accumulation and distribution, nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of summer maize under different fertilization levels were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, application of P, K fertilizers decreased the stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, and leaf area index by 4.61%, 8.55%, 6.20%, 26.91%, bald length increased by 21.60%. Compared with single application of P, K fertilizer, conventional fertilizer treatment increased the single grain number per ear, 100-grain weight and yield by 8.01%, 10.85%, and 44.45%, respectively. The nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation in grain were decreased by 6.67% and 54.07%, in addition, the conventional fertilization treatment increased the production value, net income and input-output ratio by 44.45% and 59.80%, and 43.84%, respectively, showing that nitrogen fertilizer can promote maize plant growth, improve each index of biological characteristics, greatly improve the summer maize, increase the concentration and accumulation of each part of maize plant, and further to improve the maize output value, net income and input-output ratio. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the combination of humic acid and fertilizer could effectively improve the agronomic traits of summer maize, improve the yield of summer maize, promote the accumulation of nitrogen in plant and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The effect of conventional fertilization with reduced nitrogen by 15% plus humic acid treatment was the best compared with the conventional fertilization, and the plant height, stem diameter, ear length were increased by 3.73%, 2.30%, and 0.12%, the length of bald decreased by 22.45%, the yield increased by 12.88%, grain nitrogen content, the accumulated amount of grain nitrogen, the total accumulated nitrogen amount of aerial part, and the harvest index were increased by 2.68%, 25.98%, 10.70%, and 13.79%, respectively. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity, nitrogen contribution rate, and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 57.46%, 28.84%, 22.23%, and 59.86%, respectively. Net income increased by 8.66%. In the conventional fertilization with reduced nitrogen fertilizer by 15% and plus 3 000 kg·hm-2 of humic acid could effectively increase the yield of summer maize, improve nitrogen use efficiency; but 30% reduction in nitrogen led the output and income of summer maize decreased.【Conclusion】Nitrogen fertilizer has positive effects on maize growth and development, not only can promote the growth of summer maize, but also can increase the yield, improve the nitrogen content in different parts of plant, promote the absorption and distribution of nitrogen, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. However, excessive or small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can reduce economic benefits and ecological environment benefit. On the basis of the application of humic acid, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer could get higher production value and income. The conventional fertilization with nitrogen reduced by 15% plus 3 000 kg·hm-2 humic acid is the best fertilization mode in the study area. At the same time, while this fertilizer application method not only can promote the growth and development of summer maize, but also can improve the yield and composition of summer maize, promote nitrogen absorption and utilization of plants, improve the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the output value of summer maize and net income. It is of great significance to realize the high yield and high efficiency, resource conservation and ecological environment protection of modern agricultural production. |
| |
| Keywords: | humic acid summer maize nitrogen fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency yield |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《中国农业科学》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》下载全文 |
|
