| 有机覆盖对土壤环境及九头狮子草生长发育的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈进勇,朱莹,赵世伟. 有机覆盖对土壤环境及九头狮子草生长发育的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(31): 115-122. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030093 |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈进勇 朱莹 赵世伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国园林博物馆北京筹备办公室,北京市植物园,北京市植物园 |
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| 基金项目： | ：北京市科委北京市科技创新基地培育与发展工程专项“利用园林废弃物开发有机覆盖材料的研究与示范”(Z141105004414048)。 |
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| 摘 要： | [目的]为筛选有利于九头狮子草生长的地表覆盖方式,实现绿化废弃物的有效循环利用,[方法]选择腐熟一年的绿化粉碎物基质(A、B)、当年腐熟的基质(D、E)、树枝直接粉碎的木屑(L、M)、切削的木块(R、S),分别进行5cm(前者)和10cm(后者)厚度覆盖,设不覆盖(CK)为对照。[结果]结果表明, 20cm土层自2014年9月下旬至11月上旬, A处理较CK的地温高1-2℃,B和M处理较CK高2-4℃。12月至次年2月, 20cm土层处于0℃左右,覆盖后较对照要高2℃左右。3月上旬对照的土壤温度上升较快,与覆盖处理的地温相近,3月15日后对照的地温较覆盖处理高2℃左右,至6月下旬温差逐步变小至相当。自7月下旬至9月上旬,覆盖后的20cm土层温度较对照高出0.5-1℃。自2014年11月至次年4月,30cm的土壤含水率在25%-30%,有机覆盖后较对照提高5%左右。以九头狮子草早春萌芽率达60%为基准点,有机覆盖较对照提早1-3周,其中以B和D相对较好。对照较覆盖的植株开花时间也要晚10天左右。从各阶段的综合评价看,A、B覆盖处理后,植株表现一直较好,CK则表现出第一年好、第二年变差的过程。株高、冠幅、叶片鲜重和干重、叶绿素含量等指标的测定结果,也基本上是A和B较高,对照和L、M稍低,且差异性显著。[结论]试验表明,利用腐熟的绿化粉碎物覆盖,能有效促进九头狮子草的生长发育,值得推广应用。
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| 关 键 词： | 稻壳炭 稻壳炭 炭基缓释肥 产量 玉米 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-03-13 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016-10-12 |
Influence of Organic Mulching on Soil Environment and Growth of Peristrophe japonica |
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| Abstract: | To select the effective way for mulching and reutilize the gardening organic waste, Peristrophe japonica was mulched for 5 cm and 10 cm thick by one-year-old compost, fresh compost, wood chips and blocks. The results showed that organic mulched soil temperature at 20 cm depth was 1-4℃ higher than that of the control during September to November, and 2℃ higher during December to next February. However, mulched soil was 2℃ lower than the control after middle of March, and the difference became much smaller after late June. From late July, mulched soil was 0.5-1℃ higher than the control. Meanwhile, 30 cm deep soil moisture under mulching was 5% higher than the control (25%-30%) during November to next April. In terms of 60% sprouting of Peristrophe japonica, those mulched were 1 to 3 weeks ahead of the control, and the booming time was about 10 days ahead as well. The overall evaluation indicated that one-year-old compost was much better than the control. It was also confirmed by the measurements of height and spread of plants, fresh and dry weight of leaves, chlorophyll content of leaves etc. One-year-old compost was significantly better than the control and wood chips, it enhanced the growth and development of Peristrophe japonica, and was suitable for wide application. |
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| Keywords: | Peristrophe japonica Organic mulching Soil temperature and moisture, Growth and development |
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