| 根层调控措施对甜玉米-黄瓜设施蔬菜轮作体系土壤硝态氮的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 郝晓然,彭亚静,张丽娟,王琳,巨晓棠,吉艳芝,任翠莲. 根层调控措施对甜玉米-黄瓜设施蔬菜轮作体系土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(12): 2390-2400. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.12.012 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郝晓然 彭亚静 张丽娟 王琳 巨晓棠 吉艳芝 任翠莲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1河北农业大学资源与环境学院/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室/河北农业大学邸宏杰土壤与环境实验室，河北保定 0710002中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 河北省蔬菜体系（1004013） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】以甜玉米作为填闲作物，探讨不同的根层调控措施对消减土壤剖面累积硝态氮及下茬黄瓜生长的影响。【方法】在华北平原传统棚室蔬菜的休闲季种植甜玉米，针对甜玉米设置添加土壤调理剂和秸秆还田2种根层调控措施，以甜玉米传统种植作为对照，进行田间小区试验。试验于2008年5月至2011年5月进行，共3次甜玉米-黄瓜轮作，6季作物。每年6月初至9月底种植甜玉米，10月初至次年1月底扣棚育黄瓜苗，当年2月初种植黄瓜。在甜玉米季，共3个处理，随机排列，重复3次。小区面积为4 m×2 m，小区间隔0.3 m，区组之间布设1 m的保护行。【结果】甜玉米种植季，调理剂处理的玉米籽粒产量最高，2008、2009和2010年的产量分别为6.2、7.4和7.9 t·hm-2；土壤调理剂和秸秆还田2种根层调控处理的甜玉米总吸氮量高于传统种植。秸秆还田和调理剂处理能够促进20-60 cm土层根系的生长发育，促使根系吸收更深层的土壤养分。2种根层调控措施均能降低土壤剖面NO3--N的累积，尤其对100-200 cm的作物根区NO3--N的消减能力更强，NO3--N消减趋势大致为：调理剂>秸秆还田>传统种植。3季黄瓜种植季，不同前茬处理的黄瓜产量、生物量和吸氮量差异均不显著；3季平均土壤NO3--N在0-200 cm土层的残留量为秸秆还田<调理剂<传统种植。3个轮作季后，传统种植、调理剂和秸秆还田处理在0-200 cm土层的氮素盈余量分别为1 911.6、1 966.3和1 930.2 kg·hm-2，调理剂处理显著高于传统种植。【结论】在硝态氮高累积的设施土壤上，随着种植年限的增加，加入土壤调理剂和适当的秸秆还田对100-200 cm的作物根区土壤剖面NO3--N的消减能力更强。填闲作物种植第二年对下茬黄瓜土壤NO3--N的消减作用最为明显。土壤调理剂和秸秆还田措施能够显著提高甜玉米对土壤剖面NO3--N的消减能力，减缓土壤NO3--N 的淋失，提高经济效益。
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| 关 键 词： | 根层调控 设施蔬菜 甜玉米-黄瓜轮作 NO3--N累积 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-09-21 |
Effect of Root Layer Regulations on Soil Nitrate of the Rotation System of Sweet Corn-Cucumber in Greenhouse Vegetable Production System |
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| HAO Xiao-ran,PENG Ya-jing,ZHANG Li-juan,WANG Lin,JU Xiao-tang,JI Yan-zhi,REN Cui-lian. Effect of Root Layer Regulations on Soil Nitrate of the Rotation System of Sweet Corn-Cucumber in Greenhouse Vegetable Production System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(12): 2390-2400. DOI: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.12.012 |
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| Authors: | HAO Xiao-ran PENG Ya-jing ZHANG Li-juan WANG Lin JU Xiao-tang JI Yan-zhi REN Cui-lian |
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| Affiliation: | 1College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei /Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei Province/Dihongjie Laboratory of Soil-Environment, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, Hebei2College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 Taking sweet corn as a catch crop, the accumulation of nitrate in soil profile under different root layer regulation and control measures and their influence on growth of succession cucumber were studied. 【Method】 Sweet corn was planted in the fallow season of the traditional greenhouse in the North China Plain. Using traditional cultivation as the control, a field plot experiment was conducted with 2 root layer regulation and control measures: adding soil conditioner and straw returning to field. The experiment was carried out from May 2008 to May 2011, a total of three sweet corn-cucumber crop rotation, six crops were planted. Sweet corn was planted from early June to September every year, and cucumber seedlings were reared from the early October to the end of January next year. Cucumber plants were planted in early February the same year. In the sweet corn season, three treatments were conducted and arranged at random with three replications. The plot size was about 4 m×2 m, plot interval was 0.3 m, and 1 m of guard rows were laid out between plots. 【Result】In the sweet corn planting seasons, the highest grain yields were obtained in soil conditioner treatment and the yields were 6.2, 7.4 and 7.9 t·hm-2 in 2008, 2009 and 2010. The total N uptake rate in soil conditioners and straw returning to field treatments was higher than the traditional planting. After planting sweet corn for three seasons, straw and soil conditioner treatments promoted the growth and development of root system in 20-60 cm soil layer and enhanced root to absorb nutrients from deeper soil. Both the two treatments reduced the NO3--N of soil profile, especially the subtraction of NO3--N in 100-200 cm of the crop root zone, the NO3--N subtractive trend roughly was soil conditioner＞straw returning of field＞the traditional planting. After cucumber harvest in three seasons, the differences in cucumber yield, the biomass and nitrogen uptake were not significant, the average soil NO3--N residue of three seasons in 0-200 cm was in the order of straw returning of field＜soil conditioner＜the traditional planting. After three cropping seasons, the nitrogen surplus in 0-200 cm soil layer in the traditional planting, soil conditioner and straw returning to field treatments was, respectively, 1 911.6, 1 966.83, and 1 930.2 kg·hm-2, and conditioning treatment was significantly higher than that of traditional planting. 【Conclusion】In the greenhouse soil with high nitrate accumulation, along with the increasing length of planting, adding soil conditioner to soil and appropriate straw returning to field, the subtraction of NO3--N in 100-200 cm of the crop root zone was more than traditional planting. Planting catch crops significantly decreased the effects of soil NO3--N in soil of the succession cucumber. Soil conditioners and straw returning to field can significantly improve the ability of sweet corn to decrease soil NO3--N, slow soil NO3--N leaching, and improve economic returns. |
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| Keywords: | root layer regulation greenhouse vegetables the rotation system of sweet corn and cucumber NO3--N accumulation |
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