| 灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对免耕厢沟栽培杂交稻氮素利用及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵建红,李玥,孙永健,李应洪,孙加威,代邹,谢华英,徐徽,马均. 灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对免耕厢沟栽培杂交稻氮素利用及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 609-617. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15067 |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵建红 李玥 孙永健 李应洪 孙加威 代邹 谢华英 徐徽 马均 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.四川农业大学水稻研究所,农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江 611130 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B05;2013BAD07B13)，农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(201303)，四川省科技支撑计划项目(2013NZ0046;2014NZ0047)，四川省育种攻关专项(2011NZ0098-15) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】免耕厢沟是四川重点推广的水稻栽培模式。研究该模式下不同灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对水稻干物质累积、转运和氮素利用效率等的影响,可为免耕厢沟水稻栽培水肥管理提供依据。【方法】 以杂交中稻F优498为试验材料,采用两因素裂区设计,主区为传统水层灌溉(W1)和干湿交替灌溉(W2)两种灌溉方式,副区为氮肥运筹模式,在总施氮量为150 kg/hm2条件下,设置基肥 ∶蘖肥 ∶穗肥分别为6 ∶2 ∶2(N1)、 4 ∶2 ∶4(N2)、 2 ∶2 ∶6(N3)等3种氮肥运筹模式,以不施氮(N0)为对照,研究免耕厢沟模式下,杂交稻在齐穗期、成熟期各处理下干物质氮素积累、茎鞘的干物质转运、产量及其构成因子以及氮素利用效率。【结果】 灌溉方式和氮肥运筹对水稻主要生育期干物质量和氮吸收、转运及产量具显著影响及互作效应。干湿交替灌溉能扩“库”增“源”,保证足够的穗数,提高干物质积累量;淹水灌溉无效分蘖较多,群体质量变差,对干物质积累、氮素吸收、产量造成不利影响。适宜的前氮后移能为水稻整个生育期提供比较平衡的氮素供应,促进氮素的吸收、 提高氮素积累、协调氮素分配;N2模式下氮素表观利用率达69%以上,氮肥的农学利用效率、表观利用率比N1(6 ∶2 ∶2)和N3(2 ∶2 ∶6)分别高4.50%~36.85%、 8.09%~28.54%,增产7.47% ~15.76%。合理的水氮管理显著提高各生育期的氮素积累量,促进齐穗后叶和茎鞘氮素向穗的运转量。【结论】 干湿交替灌溉(W2)和氮肥运筹4 ∶2 ∶4(N2)为本试验条件下的最优水氮运筹模式,其充分发挥了水氮耦合优势,促进齐穗后“源”(茎鞘、叶)氮素向“库”(穗)的运转,有利于高产群体构建,有效提高氮素利用率,提高水稻每穗实粒数和结实率,增产效果显著。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 免耕厢沟栽培 氮肥运筹 灌溉方式 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-02-02 |
Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of hybrid rice cultivated in ditches under no-tillage |
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| ZHAO Jian-hong,LI Yue,SUN Yong-jian,LI Ying-hong,SUN Jia-wei,DAI Zou,XIE Hua-ying,XU Hui,MA Jun. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on nitrogen use efficiency and yield of hybrid rice cultivated in ditches under no-tillage[J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2016, 22(3): 609-617. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15067 |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Jian-hong LI Yue SUN Yong-jian LI Ying-hong SUN Jia-wei DAI Zou XIE Hua-ying XU Hui MA Jun |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture of China,Wenjiang 611130,China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Rice planting in ditches under no-tillage are widely extended in Sichuan Province. Studying the effects of different water and nitrogen managements on the dry matter accumulation, transport and nitrogen use efficiency could provide a basis for efficient water and fertilizer use in rice production. 【Methods】A two-factor split-plot design field experiment was conducted with hybrid rice cultivar F-you 498 as material. The main plot was two irrigation modes: floodingirrigarion (W1) and alternating wet-dry irrigation (W2); The subplot was three N application ratios in total amount of 150 kg/hm2, the ratio of basal ∶ tillering ∶ panicle were 6 ∶2 ∶2, 4 ∶2 ∶4 and 2 ∶2 ∶6, no N application (N0) was set as control. Biomass and nitrogen accumulation, biomass transportation in stems and sheaths, and N utilization on full heading stage, after full heading stage 20 days and maturation stage were studied. 【Results】 Alternating wet-dry irrigation benefits the formation of expanded “reservoir” and “source”, which in turn ensure adequate spikes and high biomass accumulation. Flooding irrigation resultes in more ineffective tillers and poor population quality, thus adversely affects biomass accumulation, N uptake and yield formation. Postponing nitrogen fertilization provides more balanced N supply in the whole growing period, which promotes the total absorption and accumulation of nitrogen. The highest apparent N use efficiency rate is 69% in N2 treatment, in which the partial actor productivity of nitrogen, the N agronomic efficiency, the N apparent use efficiency and the yield are 4.50%-36.85%, 8.09%-28.54% and 7.47%-15.76% higher than those of N1(6 ∶2 ∶2) and N3(2 ∶2 ∶6). Rational management of water and nitrogen increase the nitrogen accumulated at each growth stage significantly. 【Conclusions】 Alternating wet-dry irrigation in combination with N application ratio of 4 ∶2 ∶4 in basal ∶tillering ∶panicle is the optimal water and nitrogen management in the tested cultivation condition. The water and nitrogen management has significant coupling effect in promoting the formation of large nutrient source and effective transfer to the “reservoir” after full heading stage, which is in favor of buildup of high yield, and N use efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | rice ditched cultivation under no-tillage nitrogen management irrigation methods |
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